1
|
Sakashita M, Kondo S, Wada N. Lateral bone ridge expansion and internal tissue replacement for vertebral body growth in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21666. [PMID: 38361265 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Vertebral growth is an essential developmental process to support the expansion of the vertebrate body. In teleosts, the lateral side of the vertebral bodies develops to form different structures among species in the late stages of vertebral growth, although lateral structures are not apparent in the early stages. Lateral structures are one of the structural features that determine the diversity of teleost vertebrae. However, explanations for the formation of lateral structures are conflicting because few reports have investigated the growth of teleost vertebral bodies. To clarify the growth process, we analyzed the morphological changes in the vertebral body of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis at different developmental stages using micro-computed tomography (CT) scans. The micro-CT scans showed that the vertebral centrum formed a plate-like ridge on the lateral side along the cranial-caudal direction and extended laterally with increasing thickness. Simultaneously, the proximal region of the lateral ridges became porous as the vertebrae grew to form bone marrow cavities. Furthermore, we used histological observations to describe the relationship between these morphological changes and osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Osteoblasts accumulated on the distal edges of the lateral ridges, whereas osteoclasts were distributed in the bone marrow cavities. These observations suggest that bone resorption occurs proximally to form bone marrow cavities in addition to bone synthesis at the edges of the lateral ridges. The bone marrow cavities were occupied by blood vessels, extracellular matrix, and adipocytes, and the internal tissue composition changed to increase the area of adipose tissue. Because the ratio of bone volume decreases in large vertebrae, bone formation and resorption are regulated to separate the external cortical and internal trabecular bones to support the vertebrae. This study is the first to report the formation of lateral structures and can be applied to similar lateral structures in the vertebrae of other teleost species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Sakashita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Demeterová J, Živčák J. Human Chondrocytes, Metabolism of Articular Cartilage, and Strategies for Application to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17096. [PMID: 38069417 PMCID: PMC10707713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and innervation, has minimal self-repair potential in case of damage and defect formation in the chondral layer. Chondrocytes are specialized cells that ensure the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, namely type II collagen and aggregen. On their surface, they express integrins CD44, α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, α10β1, αVβ1, αVβ3, and αVβ5, which are also collagen-binding components of the extracellular matrix. This article aims to contribute to solving the problem of the possible repair of chondral defects through unique methods of tissue engineering, as well as the process of pathological events in articular cartilage. In vitro cell culture models used for hyaline cartilage repair could bring about advanced possibilities. Currently, there are several variants of the combination of natural and synthetic polymers and chondrocytes. In a three-dimensional environment, chondrocytes retain their production capacity. In the case of mesenchymal stromal cells, their favorable ability is to differentiate into a chondrogenic lineage in a three-dimensional culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Zevolis E, Taso OS, Giannopoulos A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Koutsilieris M. Effect of Mechanical Loading of Senescent Myoblasts on Their Myogenic Lineage Progression and Survival. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243979. [PMID: 36552743 PMCID: PMC9776690 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During aging, muscle cell apoptosis increases and myogenesis gradually declines. The impaired myogenic and survival potential of the aged skeletal muscle can be ameliorated by its mechanical loading. However, the molecular responses of aged muscle cells to mechanical loading remain unclear. This study examined the effect of mechanical loading of aged, proliferating, and differentiated myoblasts on the gene expression and signaling responses associated with their myogenic lineage progression and survival. METHODS Control and aged C2C12 cells were cultured on elastic membranes and underwent passive stretching for 12 h at a low frequency (0.25 Hz) and different elongations, varying the strain on days 0 and 10 of myoblast differentiation. Activation of ERK1/2 and Akt, and the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and key myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD and Myogenin, were determined by immunoblotting of the cell lysates derived from stretched and non-stretched myoblasts. Changes in the expression levels of the MRFs, muscle growth, atrophy, and pro-apoptotic factors in response to mechanical loading of the aged and control cells were quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. RESULTS Mechanical stretching applied on myoblasts resulted in the upregulation of FAK both in proliferating (day 0) and differentiated (day 10) cells, as well as in increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in both control and aged cells. Moreover, Akt activation and the expression of early differentiation factor MyoD increased significantly after stretching only in the control myoblasts, while the late differentiation factor Myogenin was upregulated in both the control and aged myoblasts. At the transcriptional level, mechanical loading of the proliferating myoblasts led to an increased expression of IGF-1 isoforms and MRFs, and to downregulation of muscle atrophy factors mainly in control cells, as well as in the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors both in control and aged cells. In differentiated cells, mechanical loading resulted in an increased expression of the IGF-1Ea isoform and Myogenin, and in the downregulation of atrophy and pro-apoptotic factors in both the control and aged cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a diminished beneficial effect of mechanical loading on the myogenic and survival ability of the senescent muscle cells compared with the controls, with a low strain (2%) loading being most effective in upregulating myogenic/anabolic factors and downregulating atrophy and pro-apoptotic genes mainly in the aged myotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Zevolis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Orjona S. Taso
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Biological Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Antonios Giannopoulos
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462690; Fax: +30-210-7462571
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imashiro C, Takeshita H, Morikura T, Miyata S, Takemura K, Komotori J. Development of accurate temperature regulation culture system with metallic culture vessel demonstrates different thermal cytotoxicity in cancer and normal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21466. [PMID: 34728686 PMCID: PMC8563756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia has been studied as a noninvasive cancer treatment. Cancer cells show stronger thermal cytotoxicity than normal cells, which is exploited in hyperthermia. However, the absence of methods evaluating the thermal cytotoxicity in cells prevents the development of hyperthermia. To investigate the thermal cytotoxicity, culture temperature should be regulated. We, thus, developed a culture system regulating culture temperature immediately and accurately by employing metallic culture vessels. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts were used for models of cancer and normal cells. The findings showed cancer cells showed stronger thermal cytotoxicity than normal cells, which is quantitatively different from previous reports. This difference might be due to regulated culture temperature. The thermal stimulus condition (43 °C/30 min) was, further, focused for assays. The mRNA expression involving apoptosis changed dramatically in cancer cells, indicating the strong apoptotic trend. In contrast, the mRNA expression of heat shock protein (HSP) of normal cells upon the thermal stimulus was stronger than cancer cells. Furthermore, exclusively in normal cells, HSP localization to nucleus was confirmed. These movement of HSP confer thermotolerance to cells, which is consistent with the different thermal cytotoxicity between cancer and normal cells. In summary, our developed system can be used to develop hyperthermia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiro Imashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruka Takeshita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Morikura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jun Komotori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Imashiro C, Yamasaki K, Tanaka RI, Tobe Y, Sakaguchi K, Shimizu T. Perfusable System Using Porous Collagen Gel Scaffold Actively Provides Fresh Culture Media to a Cultured 3D Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6780. [PMID: 34202572 PMCID: PMC8269041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Culturing three-dimensional (3D) tissues with an appropriate microenvironment is a critical and fundamental technology in broad areas of cutting-edge bioengineering research. In addition, many technologies have engineered tissue functions. However, an effective system for transporting nutrients, waste, or oxygen to affect the functions of cell tissues has not been reported. In this study, we introduce a novel system that employs diffusion and convection to enhance transportation. To demonstrate the concept of the proposed system, three layers of normal human dermal fibroblast cell sheets are used as a model tissue, which is cultured on a general dish or porous collagen scaffold with perfusable channels for three days with and without the perfusion of culture media in the scaffold. The results show that the viability of the cell tissue was improved by the developed system. Furthermore, glucose consumption, lactate production, and oxygen transport to the tissues were increased, which might improve the viability of tissues. However, mechanical stress in the proposed system did not cause damage or unintentional functional changes in the cultured tissue. We believe that the introduced culturing system potentially suggests a novel standard for 3D cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiro Imashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (C.I.); (R.-i.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Kai Yamasaki
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Ryu-ichiro Tanaka
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (C.I.); (R.-i.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Yusuke Tobe
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, TWIns, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (C.I.); (R.-i.T.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Müller S, Ueda M, Isoshima T, Ushida T, Ito Y. Stretching of fibroblast cells on micropatterned gelatin on silicone elastomer. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:416-425. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned gelatin was formed on the silicone elastomer surface. The micropattern enabled cell alignment, regulation of the cell shape, and endowed the cells with resistance against mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Müller
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Saitama
- Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Motoki Ueda
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Saitama
- Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
| | - Takashi Isoshima
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- Saitama
- Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Graduate School of Medicine
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Saitama
- Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
| |
Collapse
|