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Forelli F, Riera J, Marine P, Gaspar M, Memain G, Miraglia N, Nielsen-LE Roux M, Bouzekraoui Alaoui I, Kakavas G, Hewett TE, King E, Rambaud AJ. Implementing Velocity-Based Training to Optimize Return to Sprint After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Soccer Players: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:355-365. [PMID: 38439768 PMCID: PMC10909314 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), return to sprint is poorly documented in the literature. In soccer, return to sprint is an essential component of return to play and performance after ACLR. The characteristics of running in soccer are specific (velocity differences, nonlinear, intensity). It is important to address these particularities, such as curvilinear running, acceleration, deceleration, changes of direction, and variations in velocity, in the patient's rehabilitation program. Force, velocity, and acceleration capacities are key elements to sprint performance. Velocity-based training (VBT) has gained much interest in recent years and may have a role to play in optimizing return to play and return to sprint after ACLR. Force, velocity, and acceleration can be assessed using force-velocity-power and acceleration-speed profiles, which should inform rehabilitation. The purpose of this commentary is to describe a velocity-based return to sprint program which can be used during ACLR rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Forelli
- Orthosport Rehab Center, Domont, France
- Clinic of Domont, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Ramsay Healthcare, Domont, France
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
| | - Jérôme Riera
- University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Bordeaux, College of Health Sciences, IUSR, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maxime Gaspar
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | - Geoffrey Memain
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | | | | | - Ismail Bouzekraoui Alaoui
- Mohammed VI Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Research Unit, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Georgios Kakavas
- Fysiotek Spine & Sports Lab, Athens, Greece
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, @ErgoMechLab, Trikala,Greece
| | - Timothy E Hewett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Enda King
- Rehabilitation Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandre Jm Rambaud
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Etienne. France
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Sugisaki N, Tsuchie H, Takai Y, Kobayashi K, Yoshimoto T, Kanehisa H. Validity of spatiotemporal and ground reaction force estimates during resisted sprinting with a motorized loading device. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14597. [PMID: 38445516 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the validity of estimating spatiotemporal and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters during resisted sprinting using a robotic loading device (1080 Sprint). Twelve male athletes (age: 20.9 ± 2.2 years; height: 174.6 ± 4.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 6.1 kg; means ± SDs) performed maximal resisted sprinting with three different loads using the device. The step frequency and length and step-averaged velocity, anteroposterior GRF (Fap ), and the ratio of Fap to resultant GRF (RF) were estimated using the velocity and towing force data measured using the device. Simultaneously, the corresponding values were measured using a 50-m force plate system. The proportional and fixed biases of the estimated values against those measured using the force plate system were determined using ordinary least product (OLP) regression analysis. Proportional and fixed biases were observed for most variables. However, the proportional bias was small or negligible except for the step frequency. Conversely, the fixed bias was small for step-averaged velocity (0.11 m/s) and step length (0.04 m), whereas it was large for step frequency (0.54 step/s), Fap (16N), and RF (2.22%). For all variables except step frequency, the prediction intervals in the OLP regression dramatically decreased when the corresponding values were smoothed using a two-step moving average. These results indicate that by using the velocity and force data recorded in the loading device, most of the spatiotemporal and GRF variables during resisted sprinting can be estimated with some correction of the fixed bias and data smoothing using the two-step moving average.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohei Takai
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
| | - Kai Kobayashi
- Faculty of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takaya Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Welfare Society, The International University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
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Ward C, Catháin CÓ, Chéilleachair NN, Grassick S, Kelly DT. Does Resisted Sprint Training Improve the Sprint Performance of Field-Based Invasion Team Sport Players? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:659-672. [PMID: 37897636 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing the sprint performance of field-based invasion team sport (FITS) players is considered an essential training goal for FITS coaching practitioners, and thus numerous training methods are employed to elicit improvements. Although interest in resisted sprint training (RST) has grown considerably in recent times, there remains a lack of clarity around its utility in FITS, particularly regarding the use and effectiveness of heavier RST loads. OBJECTIVES The aims of this review were to (1) compare RST to unresisted sprinting, (2) examine if RST can improve sprint performance and (3) investigate if external load and the method of load prescription influence the impact of RST in FITS players. METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy included terms for RST, RST modalities and FITS, and was applied to PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and OpenGrey databases. Methodological quality and risk of bias associated with each study were assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro) and Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool respectively. RESULTS Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and were included in the final analysis. The primary between-group analysis revealed no differences between RST and unresisted sprinting for developing the early acceleration, late acceleration and maximum velocity sprint phases. Secondly, a within-group analysis found significant improvements for resisted sprint training in the early acceleration (standardised mean difference [SMD] - 0.80) and late acceleration (SMD - 0.28) sprint phases, with no change detected for the maximum velocity phase. Finally, significant moderate improvements were found for light (SMD - 0.69) and very heavy (SMD - 1.01) loads during early acceleration. CONCLUSIONS Resisted sprint training achieved similar improvements in sprint performance to those found for unresisted sprinting during the acceleration and maximum velocity sprint phases. Within-group findings show RST is an effective method for improving early acceleration and late acceleration performance of FITS players. Finally, a subgroup analysis supports the use of light and very heavy loads for increasing early acceleration performance, while also highlighting greater benefits associated with using the percentage velocity decrement loading method. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/thms7/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Ward
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Ireland.
| | - Ciarán Ó Catháin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - Niamh Ní Chéilleachair
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - Shaun Grassick
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - David T Kelly
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, N37 HD68, Ireland
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Sugisaki N, Kobayashi K, Yoshimoto T, Mitsukawa N, Tsuchie H, Takai Y, Kanehisa H. Influence of horizontal resistance loads on spatiotemporal and ground reaction force variables during maximal sprint acceleration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295758. [PMID: 38085716 PMCID: PMC10715639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the influence of horizontal resistance loads on the spatiotemporal and ground reaction force (GRF) variables during maximal sprint acceleration. Nine male sprinters (20.2 ± 1.2 years; 175.3 ± 4.5 cm, 69.7 ± 6.1 kg) performed sprint-running with six loading conditions of one unresisted and five resisted loads of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kg using a resistance training device with intelligent drag technology. During the trials, the GRFs for all steps were determined using a 50-m force plate system. The spatiotemporal and GRF variables at running velocity of every 0.5 m/s were obtained and compared across the loading conditions. The maximal running velocity under 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kg loading conditions were 9.84 ± 0.41, 8.55 ± 0.41, 8.09 ± 0.33, 7.62 ± 0.34, 7.11 ± 0.31, and 6.71 ± 0.29 m/s, respectively. ANOVA revealed significant main effects of load on the measured variables (η2 = 0.236-0.715, p < 0.05), except for stance-averaged anteroposterior GRF and braking impulse. However, the observed differences between the loading conditions were small, with approximately 4% (1.3-7.5%) for the GRF variables and approximately 9% (1.2-22.3%) for the spatiotemporal variables. The present study indicates that horizontal resistance load in sprint acceleration has little impact on the spatiotemporal and GRF variables at a given running velocity. In contrast to a general recommendation, one should adopt a heavy load in resisted sprint aiming to improve performance in the earlier stage of maximal sprint acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Sugisaki
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kai Kobayashi
- Faculty of Information Sciences and Arts, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaya Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Welfare Society, The International University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Mitsukawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Toyo Gakuen University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Takai
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Stavridis I, Ekizos A, Zisi M, Agilara GO, Tsolakis C, Terzis G, Paradisis G. The Effects of Heavy Resisted Sled Pulling on Sprint Mechanics and Spatiotemporal Parameters. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2346-2353. [PMID: 38015728 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stavridis, I, Ekizos, A, Zisi, M, Agilara, G-O, Tsolakis, C, Terzis, G, and Paradisis, G. The effects of heavy resisted sled pulling on sprint mechanics and spatiotemporal parameters. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2346-2353, 2023-This study examines the effects of 2 resisted sled sprinting (RSS) training programs: with a load corresponding to the running velocity associated with the apex of the individual velocity-power relationship (50%vdec), with a load equal to 10% of body mass (10% BM), and of an unresisted sprint training (URS). We measured the 30-m sprint performance in intervals of 5 m examining sprint acceleration, mechanical properties (theoretical maximal horizontal power [Pmax], force [F0], velocity [v0], slope of the force-velocity relationship [SFv], maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force [RFmax], rate of decrease in RF [Drf]), and spatiotemporal parameters (step frequency [SF], step length [SL], flight time [FT], and contact time [CT]). Twenty-seven sprinters were randomly assigned into the 50%vdec, 10% BM, and URS groups, performing 12 sessions over 6 consecutive weeks (2 sets of 5 sprints per session). The 50%vdec group significantly improved (p < 0.05) their performance in all 30-m intervals. Posttraining, the 50%vdec group showed significantly increased Pmax, F0, and RFmax (mean differences: 1.46 ± 1.70 W·kg-1, 0.51 ± 0.68 N·kg-1, and 0.17 ± 0.18%, respectively), compared with pretraining. The 50%vdec group achieved higher SF, whereas FT decreased postintervention. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were found in the performance and mechanical and spatiotemporal variables in the other groups. In conclusion, RSS training with a load of 50%vdec provides an effective loading stimulus to induce adaptations that improve sprint acceleration performance. The improvements are explained by greater amounts of force and power, efficient force application, and higher step frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stavridis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Antonis Ekizos
- Department of Biomechanics, Olympic Training Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zisi
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Georgia-Olanemi Agilara
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Giorgos Paradisis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
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Boraczyński M, Magalhães J, Nowakowski JJ, Laskin JJ. Short-Term Effects of Lower-Extremity Heavy Resistance versus High-Impact Plyometric Training on Neuromuscular Functional Performance of Professional Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:193. [PMID: 37888520 PMCID: PMC10611116 DOI: 10.3390/sports11100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the effects of short-term 8 week heavy-resistance or plyometric training protocols (HRT or PLY) incorporated into regular soccer practice on measures of neuromuscular functional performance in professional soccer players, a single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. METHODS Forty-seven participants aged 22.3 ± 3.52 years were assigned to three groups: HRT (n = 15), PLY (n = 15), and control (CON; n = 17). The HRT group performed 3 sets and 10 repetitions twice a week using 80% of their baseline 1-RM (weeks 1-3), followed by 8 repetitions at 85% 1-RM (weeks 4-6), and 6 repetitions at 90% 1-RM (weeks 7-8) of 6 lower-body strength exercises with a 1 min rest period between sets. The PLY protocol involved a preparatory phase (weeks 1-2), followed by two 3-week progressive periods (weeks 3-5 and weeks 6-8). The plyometric sessions consisted of four jump exercises/drills with progressively increasing number of sets and total number of foot contacts. The rest intervals between repetitions and sets were 15 and 90 s, respectively. Outcome measures included tests assessing 10 and 30 m speed (t10m and t30m), one-repetition maximum half-back squat (1-RM squat), isokinetic peak torques for the quadriceps and hamstring muscles (Qcon and Hcon), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ). RESULTS Two-way ANOVA detected main effects of time and group×time interactions for all examined variables, except t30m, 1-RM, and relative 1-RM. Post hoc analyses revealed significant increases in the HRT group (t10m: 6.3%, t30m: 7.1%; absolute 1-RM: 29.6%; relative 1-RM: 30.3%, Qcon: 24.5%; Hcon: 14.4%; CMJ: 5.9%; SJ: 7.2%, all p < 0.001) and the PLY group (t10m: 3.1%; t30m: 4.1%; absolute 1-RM:19.1%; relative 1-RM: 20.3%; Qcon: 12.6%; Hcon: 8.7%; CMJ: 3.3%; SJ: 3.5%, all p < 0.001). HRT was superior compared to PLY in relative 1-RM, Qcon and Hcon (all p < 0.001). In addition, we found knee muscular strength imbalance in 70.5% of participants from the total sample (H/Q ratio < 60%). The HRT and PLY protocols resulted in improved neuromuscular functional performance compared to the regular soccer regime. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that during the pre-competitive season, additional HRT and PLY drills/exercises as a substitute for standard soccer training as part of a regular 90 min practice twice a week for 8 weeks, can produce acute physical performance-enhancing effects in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Jacek J. Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - James J. Laskin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
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Wild JJ, Bezodis IN, North JS, Bezodis NE. Enhancing the Initial Acceleration Performance of Elite Rugby Backs. Part II: Insights From Multiple Longitudinal Individual-Specific Case-Study Interventions. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1019-1029. [PMID: 37562789 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study implemented 18-week individual-specific sprint acceleration training interventions in elite male rugby backs based on their predetermined individual technical needs and evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions. METHODS Individual-specific interventions were prescribed to 5 elite rugby backs over an 18-week period. Interventions were informed by the relationships between individual technique strategies and initial acceleration performance, and their strength-based capabilities. Individual-specific changes in technique and initial acceleration performance were measured at multiple time points across the intervention period and compared with 3 control participants who underwent their normal training. RESULTS Of the technique variables intentionally targeted during the intervention period, moderate to very large (|d| = 0.93-3.99) meaningful changes were observed in the participants who received an individual-specific intervention but not in control participants. Resultant changes to the intervention participants' whole-body kinematic strategies were broadly consistent with the intended changes. Moderate to very large (|d| = 1.11-2.82) improvements in initial acceleration performance were observed in participants receiving individual-specific technical interventions but not in the control participants or the participant who received an individual-specific strength intervention. CONCLUSIONS Individual-specific technical interventions were more effective in manipulating aspects of acceleration technique and performance compared with the traditional "one-size-fits-all" approach adopted by the control participants. This study provides a novel, evidence-based approach for applied practitioners working to individualize sprint-based practices to enhance acceleration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Wild
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford,United Kingdom
| | - Ian N Bezodis
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff,United Kingdom
| | - Jamie S North
- Research Centre for Applied Performance Sciences, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham,United Kingdom
| | - Neil E Bezodis
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea,United Kingdom
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Glaise P, Rogowski I, Samozino P, Morin JB, Morel B, Martin C. Opposition Skill Efficiency During Professional Rugby Union Official Games Is Related to Horizontal Force-Production Capacities in Sprinting. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:918-926. [PMID: 36927999 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine relationships between parameters of force-production capacity in sprinting and opposition skill efficiency in rugby union games according to position. METHODS The sprint force-velocity profile of 33 professional rugby union players divided into 2 subgroups (forwards and backs) was measured on a 30-m sprint. Skill efficiencies (in percentage) of offensive duels, tackles, and rucks were assessed using objective criteria during 12 consecutive competitive games. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationships between parameters of horizontal force-production capacity in sprinting (maximum propulsive power, theoretical maximum force [F0], theoretical maximum velocity, maximum ratio of horizontal force [RFmax], and rate of decrease of this ratio of forces with increasing velocity) and skill efficiencies. Two multiple linear regression models were used to observe whether skill efficiencies could depend on determinants of horizontal force application in low- or high-velocity conditions. A first model including F0 and theoretical maximum velocity was used as a macroscopic analysis, while a second model including RFmax and rate of decrease of this ratio of forces with increasing velocity was used as microscopic analysis to determine the most significant determinants of skill efficiency. RESULTS All skill efficiencies were strongly correlated with maximum propulsive power in forwards and backs. In forwards, F0 and RFmax were the key predictors of dueling, rucking, and tackling efficiency. In backs, F0 was the main predictor of dueling and rucking efficiency, whereas RFmax was the key predictor of dueling and tackling efficiency. F0 and theoretical maximum velocity equivalently contributed to tackling performance. CONCLUSIONS In rugby union forward and back players, skill efficiency is correlated with maximum propulsive power and may be more explained by horizontal force-production capacity and mechanical effectiveness at lower velocities than at higher velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glaise
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon,France
- USBPA Rugby, Bourg en Bresse,France
| | - Isabelle Rogowski
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon,France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambery,France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne,France
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambery,France
| | - Cyril Martin
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon,France
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9
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Ghigiarelli JJ, Ferrara KJ, Yang Y, Abrechsten JD, Barat VM, Sell KM, Gonzalez AM. Quantification of horizontal force for the EXER-GENIE® resisted sprint training device. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1231371. [PMID: 37712007 PMCID: PMC10498283 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1231371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport performance coaches use a range of modalities to apply a horizontal force (Fh) to athletes during resisted sprint training (RST). These modalities include parachutes, weighted vests, pulley devices, motored tethered devices, and, most notably, weighted sleds. Despite the widespread use of these devices, the resistance forces of the pulley devices have not been evaluated for reliability and accuracy. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to quantify the Fh of a commercially available pulley device (EXER-GENIE®) and determine how resistance force is related to the load settings on the device. The secondary aim is to identify the differences in the Fh values between three EXER-GENIE® devices that use 36 m and 60 m ropes. The Fh values in the Newtons (N) of the three EXER-GENIE® devices were analyzed using a motorized winch, a lead acid battery, and an S-beam load cell. Four 10 s winch-driven trials were performed using 15 different EXER-GENIE® loads, ranging from 0.028 kg to 3.628 kg, employing two different 36 m devices and one 60 m device. The mean ± standard deviation for Fh was reported across the four trials for each load setting. All devices produced similar Fh values across lighter load settings (loads ≤0.141 kg). However, at heavier loads (loads ≥0.226 kg), the 60 m device had Fh values 50-85 N greater than those of the 36 m device. The coefficient of variation across the four trials was extremely high at light loads but sharply decreased to <10% at heavy loads. Absolute reliability was high for each device [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.99]. A regression analysis for Fh values and EXER-GENIE® load indicated a strong positive relationship between load and Fh values across all devices (R2 = 0.96-0.99). Caution should be exercised when using identical loads on the different-length pulley devices, as the 60 m device produced greater Fh values than the 36 m devices at load settings higher than 0.226 kg. These results can provide coaches and practitioners with a better understanding of the magnitude of resistance that is applied when prescribing EXER-GENIE® devices for higher training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J. Ghigiarelli
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Keith J. Ferrara
- Department of Athletics, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - James D. Abrechsten
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Veronica M. Barat
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Katie M. Sell
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Sastre-Munar A, Jiménez-Reyes P, Romero-Franco N. Effects of a six-week multimodal training programme on the sprinting ability of adolescent rugby sevens players. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:990-998. [PMID: 37712360 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2257514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of 6-week multimodal training on the sprinting performance and biomechanics of adolescent rugby players. Twenty-four players were assigned to control group (CG) or intervention group (IG). For 6 weeks, CG maintained their training routine, while IG completed a training programme consisting of unresisted sprints, as well as heavy-resisted sprints, running technique drills and lumbopelvic stability. Before and after, sprint performance, horizontal force-velocity profile (FV-h), sprinting kinematics and spatiotemporal data were obtained. After the training, IG reduced the 0-5 m (p = 0.044), 0-10 m (p = 0.046) and 25-30 m (p = 0.035) split times compared with CG. In FV-h, IG displayed a higher maximal theoretical horizontal force (p = 0.035) and ratio of force (p = 0.048) than CG. Regarding kinematic and spatiotemporal variables, only IG improved step length (p < 0.001), step rate (p = 0.005) and distance between knees (p = 0.048) compared with baseline, but there were no between-group differences. Six weeks of multimodal training improved sprinting acceleration and mechanical variables of force application during sprinting of adolescent rugby players. Although IG improved some biomechanical variables compared with baseline, these changes were similar to those observed in CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Sastre-Munar
- Sport High Performance Centre of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Romero-Franco
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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11
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Rasteiro A, Santos V, Massuça LM. Physical Training Programs for Tactical Populations: Brief Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:967. [PMID: 37046894 PMCID: PMC10094380 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims (i) to identify and analyze the physical training programs used for tactical personnel (TP) and (ii) to understand the effects of physical training programs on the health and fitness, and occupational performance of tactical personnel. A literature search used the keywords 'Physical Training Program', 'Police', 'Law Enforcement', and 'Firefighter'. A total of 23 studies out of 11.508 analyzed were included. All studies showed acceptable methodological quality in assessing physical fitness (PF), and training programs' effect sizes (Cohen's d) on PF attributes were calculated. The results showed that physical training programs (duration > four weeks) can improve (medium-to-large effects) (i) measures of physical fitness and (ii) performance in simulations of occupationally specific tasks. This review provides summary information (i) to help select (or adjust) physical training programs for TP and (ii) to clarify the effect of different occupational-specific training interventions on fitness measures and health-related parameters for TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rasteiro
- Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, 1300-663 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
- KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Instituto Piaget, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Massuça
- ICPOL Research Center, Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, 1300-663 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center for Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health, CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Castaño-Zambudio A, Martínez-Aranda LM, González-Hernández JM, Martín-Acero R, Jiménez-Reyes P. Microdosing Sprint Distribution as an Alternative to Achieve Better Sprint Performance in Field Hockey Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23020650. [PMID: 36679451 PMCID: PMC9865125 DOI: 10.3390/s23020650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The implementation of optimal sprint training volume is a relevant component of team sport performance. This study aimed to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of two different configurations of within-season training load distribution on sprint performance over 6 weeks. Methods: Twenty male professional FH players participated in the study. Players were conveniently assigned to two groups: the experimental group (MG; n = 11; applying the microdosing training methodology) and the control group (TG; n = 9; traditional training, with players being selected by the national team). Sprint performance was evaluated through 20 m sprint time (T20) m and horizontal force−velocity profile (HFVP) tests before (Pre) and after (Post) intervention. Both measurements were separated by a period of 6 weeks. The specific sprint training program was performed for each group (for vs. two weekly sessions for MG and TG, respectively) attempting to influence the full spectrum of the F-V relationship. Results: Conditional demands analysis (matches and training sessions) showed no significant differences between the groups during the intervention period (p > 0.05). No significant between-group differences were found at Pre or Post for any sprint-related performance (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, intra-group analysis revealed significant differences in F0, Pmax, RFmean at 10 m and every achieved time for distances ranging from 5 to 25 m for MG (p < 0.05). Such changes in mechanical capabilities and sprint performance were characterized by an increase in stride length and a decrease in stride frequency during the maximal velocity phase (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing strategies such as microdosed training load distribution appears to be an effective and efficient alternative for sprint training in team sports such as hockey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Center for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain
- MALab (Movement Analysis Laboratory) Research Group, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Martín-Acero
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidad de La Coruña, 15179 La Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Center for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Speed-Related Abilities Are Similarly Improved After Sled Training Under Different Magnitudes of Velocity Loss in Highly Trained Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:420-427. [PMID: 36863354 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of two 8-week resisted-sprint training programs under different magnitudes of velocity loss (VL) on the speed-related performance of highly trained soccer players. METHODS Twenty-one soccer players (age: 25.9 [5.4] y) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (1) the "moderate-load group," players who trained with sled loads that induced 15%VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 11); and (2) the "heavy-load group," players who trained with sled loads that induced 40% VL relative to unloaded sprint velocity (n = 10). Linear sprint (10 m), curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, resisted-sprint performance at 15% VL and 40% VL, and vertical jumping ability were tested pretraining and posttraining. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test for differences between groups. In addition, percentage changes were calculated for speed-related abilities and compared with their respective coefficients of variation to determine whether individual changes in performance were greater than the test variance (ie, "true change"). RESULTS A main effect of time was detected for 10-m sprint, curve sprint, change-of-direction speed, and 15% VL and 40% VL resisted-sprint times, with significant decreases in sprint times (P = .003, P = .004, P = .05, P = .036, and P = .019, respectively). Jump variables did not change significantly over time. There were no group-by-time interactions for any tested variable (P > .05), but the "true change" analysis revealed meaningful individual changes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both moderate- and heavy-sled loading conditions may optimize the development of speed-related abilities in highly trained soccer players. Nevertheless, resisted-sprint training responses may differ meaningfully when assessed on an individual basis.
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14
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Romero V, Lahti J, Castaño Zambudio A, Mendiguchia J, Jiménez Reyes P, Morin JB. Effects of Fatigue Induced by Repeated Sprints on Sprint Biomechanics in Football Players: Should We Look at the Group or the Individual? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14643. [PMID: 36429363 PMCID: PMC9691012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of fatigue on sprint biomechanics. Fifty-one football players performed twelve maximal 30 m sprints with 20 s recovery between each sprint. Sprint kinetics were computed from running speed data and a high-frequency camera (240 Hz) was used to study kinematic data. A cluster analysis (K-mean clustering) was conducted to classify individual kinematic adaptations. A large decrease in maximal power output and less efficiency in horizontally orienting the ground reaction force were observed in fatigued participants. In addition, individual changes in kinematic components were observed, and, according to the cluster analysis, five clusters were identified. Changes in trunk, knee, and hip angles led to an overall theoretical increase in hamstring strain for some players (Cluster 5, 20/51) but to an overall decrease for some others (Cluster 1, 11/51). This study showed that the repeated sprint ability (RSA) protocol had an impact on both kinetics and kinematics. Moreover, fatigue affected the kinematics in a different way for each player, and these individual changes were associated with either higher or lower hamstring length and thus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Romero
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan Lahti
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education Sport and Health (LAMHESS), Université Côte d’Azur, F-06200 Nice, France
| | | | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, 31010 Barañain, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
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15
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Lahti J, Mendiguchia J, Edouard P, Morin JB. A novel multifactorial hamstring screening protocol: association with hamstring muscle injuries in professional football (soccer) - a prospective cohort study. Biol Sport 2022; 39:1021-1031. [PMID: 36247956 PMCID: PMC9536364 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the potential association of a novel multifactorial hamstring screening protocol with the occurrence of hamstring muscle injuries (HMI) in professional football. 161 professional male football players participated in this study (age: 24.6 ± 5.36 years; body-height: 180 ± 7.07 cm; body-mass: 77.2 ± 7.70 kg). During the pre- and mid-season, players performed a screening protocol consisting of 11 tests aimed to evaluate their performance in regards to four main musculoskeletal categories: posterior chain strength, sprint mechanical output, lumbopelvic control and range of motion. Univariable cox regression analysis showed no significant association between the isolated test results and new HMI occurrence during the season (n = 17) (p > 0.05). When including injuries that took place between the pre- and mid-season screenings (~90 days), maximal theoretical horizontal force (F0) was significantly associated with higher HMI risk between pre- and mid-season evaluations (n = 14, hazard ratio; 4.02 (CI95% 1.08 to 15.0, p = 0.04). This study identified that 1) no single screening test was sufficient to identify players at risk of HMI within the entire season, while 2) low F0 was associated with increased risk of HMI when occurring closer to the moment of screening. The present results support the potential relevance of additionally including frequent F0 testing for HMI risk reduction management. Replication studies are needed in larger cohorts for more accurate interpretations on "univariable and multivariable levels levels. Finally, future studies should explore whether improving F0 is relevant within a multifactorial HMI risk reduction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lahti
- Université Cote d’Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, Spain
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, F-42023. Saint Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Université Cote d’Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, F-42023. Saint Etienne, France
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Zabaloy S, Freitas TT, Pareja-Blanco F, Alcaraz PE, Loturco I. Narrative Review on the Use of Sled Training to Improve Sprint Performance in Team Sport Athletes. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Makaruk H, Starzak M, Płaszewski M, Winchester JB. Internal Validity in Resistance Training Research: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:308-331. [PMID: 35719235 PMCID: PMC9157516 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring internal validity is the key procedure when planning the study design. Numerous systematic reviews have demonstrated that considerations for internal validity do not receive adequate attention in the primary research in sport sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review methodological procedures in current literature where the effects of resistance training on strength, speed, and endurance performance in athletes were analyzed. A computer-based literature searches of SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science was conducted. The internal validity of individual studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Peer-reviewed studies were accepted only if they met all the following eligibility criteria: (a) healthy male and female athletes between the ages of 18-65 years; (b) training program based on resistance exercises; (c) training program lasted for at least 4 weeks or 12 training sessions, with at least two sessions per week; (d) the study reported maximum strength, speed, or endurance outcomes; and (e) systematic reviews, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies were excluded. Of the 6,516 articles identified, 133 studies were selected for rating by the PEDro scale. Sixty-eight percent of the included studies used random allocation to groups, but only one reported concealed allocation. Baseline data are presented in almost 69% of the studies. Thirty-eight percent of studies demonstrated adequate follow-up of participants. The plan to follow the intention-to-treat or stating that all participants received training intervention or control conditions as allocated were reported in only 1.5% of studies. The procedure of blinding of assessors was also satisfied in only 1.5% of the studies. The current study highlights the gaps in designing and reporting research in the field of strength and conditioning. Randomization, blinding of assessors, reporting of attrition, and intention-to-treat analysis should be more fully addressed to reduce threats to internal validity in primary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Makaruk
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Poland
| | - Marcin Starzak
- Department of Sports for All, Józef Piłsudski of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Poland
| | - Maciej Płaszewski
- Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Poland
| | - Jason B Winchester
- Division of Health Sciences & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, USA
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18
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Le Scouarnec J, Samozino P, Andrieu B, Thubin T, Morin JB, Favier FB. Effects of Repeated Sprint Training With Progressive Elastic Resistance on Sprint Performance and Anterior-Posterior Force Production in Elite Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1675-1681. [PMID: 35622112 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Le Scouarnec, J, Samozino, P, Andrieu, B, Thubin, T, Morin, JB, and Favier, FB. Effects of repeated sprint training with progressive elastic resistance on sprint performance and anterior-posterior force production in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1675-1681, 2022-This study aimed to determine whether repeated sprint training with progressive high elastic resistance could improve sprint performance and anterior-posterior (AP) force production capacities of elite young soccer players. Seven elite U19 soccer players underwent 10 sessions of elastic-resisted repeated sprints on 8 weeks, whereas 8 U17 players from the same academy (control group) followed the same protocol without elastic bands. Sprint performance and mechanical parameters were recorded on a 30-m sprint before and after training. The control group did not show change for any of the measured variables. In contrast, the elastic-resisted training resulted in a significant improvement of the sprint time (-2.1 ± 1.3%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = -0.49) and maximal velocity (Vmax; +3.9 ± 2%; p = 0.029; Hedges' g = 0.61) reached during the 30-m sprint. These enhancements were concurrent with an increase in the maximal power output related to AP force (Pmax; +4.9 ± 5.1%%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = 0.42). Although the theoretical maximal AP force (F0) remained unchanged in both groups, there was a medium but nonsignificant increase in theoretical maximal velocity (V0; +3.7 ± 2.5%; p = 0.13; Hedges' g = 0.5) only in the elastic group. Therefore, the present results show that sprint capacity of elite young soccer players can be further improved by adding incremental resistance against runner displacement to raise the ability to produce AP force, rather at high velocity in the final phase of the acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Le Scouarnec
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Chambéry, France ; and
| | | | - Teddy Thubin
- Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Étienne, France
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19
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Ghigiarelli JJ, Ferrara KJ, Poblete KM, Valle CF, Gonzalez AM, Sell KM. Level of Agreement, Reliability, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Musclelab TM Laser Speed Device on Force-Velocity-Power Sprint Profiles in Division II Collegiate Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10040057. [PMID: 35447867 PMCID: PMC9027472 DOI: 10.3390/sports10040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the level of agreement (Pearson product-moment correlation [rP]), within- and between-day reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), and minimal detectable change of the MusclelabTM Laser Speed (MLS) device on sprint time and force−velocity−power profiles in Division II Collegiate athletes. Twenty-two athletes (soccer = 17, basketball = 2, volleyball = 3; 20.1 ± 1.5 y; 1.71 ± 0.11 m; 70.7 ± 12.5 kg) performed three 30-m (m) sprints on two separate occasions (seven days apart). Six time splits (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m), horizontal force (HZT F0; N∙kg−1), peak velocity (VMAX; m∙s−1), horizontal power (HZT P0; W∙kg−1), and force−velocity slope (SFV; N·s·m−1·kg−1) were measured. Sprint data for the MLS were compared to the previously validated MySprint (MySp) app to assess for level of agreement. The MLS reported good to excellent reliability for within- and between-day trials (ICC = 0.69−0.98, ICC = 0.77−0.98, respectively). Despite a low level of agreement with HZT F0 (rP = 0.44), the MLS had moderate to excellent agreement across nine variables (rp = 0.68−0.98). Bland−Altman plots displayed significant proportional bias for VMAX (mean difference = 0.31 m∙s−1, MLS < MySp). Overall, the MLS is in agreement with the MySp app and is a reliable device for assessing sprint times, VMAX, HZT P0, and SFV. Proportional bias should be considered for VMAX when comparing the MLS to the MySp app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J. Ghigiarelli
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11787, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.M.G.); (K.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-516-463-5122
| | - Keith J. Ferrara
- Department of Athletics, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Poblete
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11787, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.M.G.); (K.M.S.)
| | | | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11787, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.M.G.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Katie M. Sell
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11787, USA; (K.M.P.); (A.M.G.); (K.M.S.)
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20
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Delaney JA, McKay BA, Radcliffe J, Benton DT, Samozino P, Morin JB, Duthie GM. Uphill sprinting load- and force-velocity profiling: Assessment and potential applications. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:281-287. [PMID: 34727844 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1992868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the validity and reliability of load-velocity (LV) relationship of hill sprinting using a range of different hill gradients and to describe the effect of hill gradient on sprint performance. Twenty-four collegiate-level athletes performed a series of maximal sprints on either flat terrain or hills of gradients 5.2, 8.8 and 17.6%. Velocity-time curves were recorded using a radar device. LV relationships were established using the maximal velocity achieved in each sprinting condition, whilst force-velocity-power (FVP) profiles were established using only the flat terrain sprint. LV profiles were shown to be valid (R2 = 0.99) and reliable (TE < 4.4%). For every 1-degree increase in slope, subjects' velocity decreased by 1.7 ± 0.1% on average. All the slopes used represented low resistance relative to the entire LV spectrum (<25% velocity loss). Subjects who exhibited greater horizontal force output at higher velocities on flat terrain were most affected by the gradient of the hill. Hills of gradients up to 17.6% do not provide sufficient resistance to optimize power development. However, such hills could be used to develop late-stage technical ability, due to the prolonged horizontally oriented body position that occurs as subjects attempt to overcome the acceleration due to gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim Radcliffe
- Department of Athletics, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | | | - Pierre Samozino
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Grant M Duthie
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, Australia
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21
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Four Weeks of Power Optimized Sprint Training Improves Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 17:1343-1351. [PMID: 34706340 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of heavy resisted sprint training (RST) versus unresisted sprint training (UST) on sprint performance among adolescent soccer players. METHODS Twenty-four male soccer players (age: 15.7 [0.5] y; body height: 175.7 [9.4] cm; body mass: 62.5 [9.2] kg) were randomly assigned to the RST group (n = 8), the UST group (n = 10), or the control group (n = 6). The UST group performed 8 × 20 m unresisted sprints twice weekly for 4 weeks, whereas the RST group performed 5 × 20-m heavy resisted sprints with a resistance set to maximize the horizontal power output. The control group performed only ordinary soccer training and match play. Magnitude-based decision and linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The RST group improved sprint performances with moderate to large effect sizes (0.76-1.41) across all distances, both within and between groups (>92% beneficial effect likelihood). Conversely, there were no clear improvements in the UST and control groups. The RST evoked the largest improvements over short distances (6%-8%) and was strongly associated with increased maximum horizontal force capacities (r = .9). Players with a preintervention deficit in force capacity appeared to benefit the most from RST. CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of heavy RST led to superior improvements in short-sprint performance compared with UST among adolescent soccer players. Heavy RST, using a load individually selected to maximize horizontal power, is therefore highly recommended as a method to improve sprint acceleration in youth athletes.
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22
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Osterwald KM, Kelly DT, Comyns TM, Catháin CÓ. Resisted Sled Sprint Kinematics: The Acute Effect of Load and Sporting Population. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9100137. [PMID: 34678918 PMCID: PMC8538495 DOI: 10.3390/sports9100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the acute kinematic effects of different sled load conditions (unloaded and at 10%, 20%, 30% decrement from maximum velocity (Vdec)) in different sporting populations. It is well-known that an athlete’s kinematics change with increasing sled load. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between the different loads in resisted sled sprinting (RSS) and kinematic characteristics is unknown. Thirty-three athletes (sprinters n = 10; team sport athletes n = 23) performed a familiarization session (day 1), and 12 sprints at different loads (day 2) over a distance of 40 m. Sprint time and average velocity were measured. Sagittal-plane high-speed video data was recorded for early acceleration and maximum velocity phase and joint angles computed. Loading introduced significant changes to hip, knee, ankle, and trunk angle for touch-down and toe-off for the acceleration and maximum velocity phase (p < 0.05). Knee, hip, and ankle angles became more flexed with increasing load for all groups and trunk lean increased linearly with increasing loading conditions. The results of this study provide coaches with important information that may influence how RSS is employed as a training tool to improve sprint performance for acceleration and maximal velocity running and that prescription may not change based on sporting population, as there were only minimal differences observed between groups. The trunk lean increase was related to the heavy loads and appeared to prevent athletes to reach mechanics that were truly reflective of maximum velocity sprinting. Lighter loads seem to be more adequate to not provoke changes in maxV kinematics. However, heavy loading extended the distance over which it is possible to train acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M. Osterwald
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.T.K.); (C.Ó.C.)
- SHE Research Group, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - David T. Kelly
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.T.K.); (C.Ó.C.)
- SHE Research Group, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Thomas M. Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ciarán Ó Catháin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.T.K.); (C.Ó.C.)
- SHE Research Group, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
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Sinclair J, Edmundson CJ, Metcalfe J, Bottoms L, Atkins S, Bentley I. The Effects of Sprint vs. Resisted Sled-Based Training; an 8-Week in-Season Randomized Control Intervention in Elite Rugby League Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179241. [PMID: 34501831 PMCID: PMC8431106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of resisted sled-based training compared to traditional unresisted sprint training in terms of mediating improvements in speed, agility, and power during an eight-week period of in-season training in elite rugby league players. Participants were randomly separated into either resisted sled or traditional sprint-based training groups and they completed an eight-week in-season training block with training prescribed based on the group to which they were assigned. Measures of 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprint times in addition to countermovement jump height and 505-agility test time were measured at baseline, four-weeks and eight-weeks. For sprint-based outcomes, although both groups improved significantly, there were no statistical differences between the two training methods. However, at the eight-week time point there were significant improvements in 505-agility test (sprint group: baseline = 2.45 and eight-weeks = 2.42 s/sled group: baseline = 2.43 and eight-weeks = 2.37 s) and countermovement jump (sprint group: baseline = 39.18 and eight-weeks = 39.49 cm/sled group: baseline = 40.43 and eight-weeks = 43.07 cm) performance in the sled training group. Therefore, the findings from this investigation may be important to strength and conditioning coaches working in an elite rugby league in that resisted sled training may represent a more effective method of sprint training prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK; (C.J.E.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher James Edmundson
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK; (C.J.E.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - John Metcalfe
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK; (C.J.E.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sport Sciences, School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Stephen Atkins
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK;
| | - Ian Bentley
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK; (C.J.E.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
- Wigan Warriors RLFC, Wigan WN5 0UH, UK
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