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Zhang B, Yang Y, Li Q, Ding X, Tian M, Ma Q, Xu D. Impacts of PFOS, PFOA and their alternatives on the gut, intestinal barriers and gut-organ axis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142461. [PMID: 38810808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With the restricted use of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a number of alternatives to PFOS and PFOA have attracted great interest. Most of the alternatives are still characterized by persistence, bioaccumulation, and a variety of toxicity. Due to the production and use of these substances, they can be detected in the atmosphere, soil and water body. They affect human health through several exposure pathways and especially enter the gut by drinking water and eating food, which results in gut toxicity. In this review, we summarized the effects of PFOS, PFOA and 9 alternatives on pathological changes in the gut, the disruption of physical, chemical, biological and immune barriers of the intestine, and the gut-organ axis. This review provides a valuable understanding of the gut toxicity of PFOS, PFOA and their alternatives as well as the human health risks of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Yunhui Yang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ding
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Mingming Tian
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Qiao Ma
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environment Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, PR China.
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2
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Tessmann JW, Deng P, Durham J, Li C, Banerjee M, Wang Q, Goettl RA, He D, Wang C, Lee EY, Evers BM, Hennig B, Zaytseva YY. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure leads to downregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 expression and upregulation of markers associated with intestinal carcinogenesis in mouse intestinal tissues. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142332. [PMID: 38754493 PMCID: PMC11157449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widely recognized environment pollutant known for its high bioaccumulation potential and a long elimination half-life. Several studies have shown that PFOS can alter multiple biological pathways and negatively affect human health. Considering the direct exposure to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to environmental pollutants, PFOS can potentially disrupt intestinal homeostasis. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of PFOS exposure on normal intestinal tissues, and its contribution to GI-associated diseases remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the effect of PFOS exposure on the gene expression profile of intestinal tissues of C57BL/6 mice using RNAseq analysis. We found that PFOS exposure in drinking water significantly downregulates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting ketogenic enzyme, in intestinal tissues of mice. We found that diets containing the soluble fibers inulin and pectin, which are known to be protective against PFOS exposure, were ineffective in reversing the downregulation of HMGCS2 expression in vivo. Analysis of intestinal tissues also demonstrated that PFOS exposure leads to upregulation of proteins implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, including β-catenin, c-MYC, mTOR and FASN. Consistent with the in vivo results, PFOS exposure leads to downregulation of HMGCS2 in mouse and human normal intestinal organoids in vitro. Furthermore, we show that shRNA-mediated knockdown of HMGCS2 in a human normal intestinal cell line resulted in increased cell proliferation and upregulation of key proliferation-associated proteins such as cyclin D, survivin, ERK1/2 and AKT, along with an increase in lipid accumulation. In summary, our results suggest that PFOS exposure may contribute to pathological changes in normal intestinal cells via downregulation of HMGCS2 expression and upregulation of pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways that may increase the risk of colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Weber Tessmann
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jerika Durham
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Chang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Ryan A Goettl
- Markey Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Zhao Y, Pu K, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou Y. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with constipation: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2010). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301129. [PMID: 38557902 PMCID: PMC10984548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on constipation, as mediated through gastrointestinal absorption and perturbations to the intestinal microecology, remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to explain the relationship between PFAS and constipation. METHODS A total of 2945 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 were included in this study. Constipation was defined using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) based on stool consistency. The relationship between PFAS and constipation was evaluated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS The weighted median concentration of total PFAS (ΣPFAS) was significantly lower in individuals with constipation (19.01 μg/L) compared to those without constipation (23.30 μg/L) (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the cumulative effect of PFAS was more pronounced in the elderly, men, individuals with obesity, high school education or equivalent, and high-income individuals (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable analysis demonstrated an inverse association between PFOA [OR (95% CI), 0.666(0.486,0.914)] and PFHxS [OR (95% CI), 0.699(0.482,1.015)], and constipation. None of the personal and lifestyle factors showed a significant correlation with this negative association, as confirmed by subgroup analysis and interaction testing (p for interaction > 0.05). The RCS analysis demonstrated a linear inverse relationship between PFAS levels and constipation. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide evidence of a significant inverse correlation between serum concentrations of PFAS, particularly PFOA and PFHxS, and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lykkebo CA, Mortensen MS, Davidsen N, Bahl MI, Ramhøj L, Granby K, Svingen T, Licht TR. Antibiotic induced restructuring of the gut microbiota does not affect oral uptake and accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122179. [PMID: 37454717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a manmade legacy compound belonging to the group of persistent per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). While many adverse health effects of PFOS have been identified, knowledge about its effect on the intestinal microbiota is scarce. The microbial community inhabiting the gut of mammals plays an important role in health, for instance by affecting the uptake, excretion, and bioavailability of some xenobiotic toxicants. Here, we investigated (i) the effect of vancomycin-mediated microbiota modulation on the uptake of PFOS in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, and (ii) the effects of PFOS exposure on the rat microbiota composition. Four groups of twelve rats were exposed daily for 7 days with either 3 mg/kg PFOS plus 8 mg/kg vancomycin, only PFOS, only vancomycin, or a corn oil control. Vancomycin-induced modulation of the gut microbiota composition did not affect uptake of branched and linear PFOS over a period of 7 days, measured in serum samples. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faecal and intestinal samples revealed that vancomycin treatment lowered microbial alpha-diversity, while PFOS increased the microbial diversity in vancomycin-treated as well as in non-antibiotic treated animals, possibly because an observed decrease in the Enterobacteriaceae abundance allows other microbial species to propagate. Colonic short-chain fatty acids were significantly lower in vancomycin-treated animals but remained unaffected by PFOS. Our results suggest that PFOS exposure may disturb the intestinal microbiota, but that antibiotic-induced modulation of the intestinal ecosystem does not affect systemic uptake of PFOS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Asger Lykkebo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | | | - Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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Tan Y, Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, Kannan K, Corwin EJ, Ryan PB, Eatman JA, Liang D, Eick SM. Association between a Mixture of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13419-13428. [PMID: 37649345 PMCID: PMC10900195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as environmental contributors to adverse birth outcomes. One potential mechanistic pathway could be through PFAS-related inflammation and cytokine production. Here, we examined associations between a PFAS mixture and inflammatory biomarkers during early and late pregnancy from participants enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort (N = 425). Serum concentrations of multiple PFAS were detected in >90% samples at 8-14 weeks gestation. Serum concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at up to two time points (8-14 weeks and 24-30 weeks gestation). The effect of the PFAS mixture on each inflammatory biomarker was examined using quantile g-computation, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), Bayesian Weighted Sums (BWS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Across all models, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α at both time points, with the strongest effects being observed at 24-30 weeks. Using quantile g-computation, increasing concentrations of a PFAS mixture were associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval = 18.0%, 40.7%) increase in TNF-α at 24-30 weeks. Similarly, using BWS, the PFAS mixture was associated with increased TNF-α at 24-30 weeks (summed effect = 0.29, 95% highest posterior density = 0.17, 0.41). The PFAS mixture was also positively associated with TNF-α at 24-30 weeks using BKMR [75th vs 50th percentile: 17.1% (95% credible interval = 7.7%, 27.4%)]. Meanwhile, PFOS was consistently the main drivers of overall mixture effect across four methods. Our findings indicated an increase in prenatal PFAS exposure is associated with an increase in multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Taibl
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Volha Yakimavets
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | | | - P. Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jasmin A. Eatman
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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Durham J, Tessmann JW, Deng P, Hennig B, Zaytseva YY. The role of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure in inflammation of intestinal tissues and intestinal carcinogenesis. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1244457. [PMID: 37662676 PMCID: PMC10469509 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1244457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are organofluorine substances that are used commercially in products like non-stick cookware, food packaging, personal care products, fire-fighting foam, etc. These chemicals have several different subtypes made of varying numbers of carbon and fluorine atoms. PFAS substances that have longer carbon chains, such as PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid), can potentially pose a significant public health risk due to their ability to bioaccumulate and persist for long periods of time in the body and the environment. The National Academies Report suggests there is some evidence of PFOS exposure and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation contributing to ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis are precursors to colorectal cancer. However, evidence about the association between PFOS and colorectal cancer is limited and has shown contradictory findings. This review provides an overview of population and preclinical studies on PFOS exposure and GI inflammation, metabolism, immune responses, and carcinogenesis. It also highlights some mitigation approaches to reduce the harmful effects of PFOS on GI tract and discusses the dietary strategies, such as an increase in soluble fiber intake, to reduce PFOS-induced alterations in cellular lipid metabolism. More importantly, this review demonstrates the urgent need to better understand the relationship between PFOS and GI pathology and carcinogenesis, which will enable development of better approaches for interventions in populations exposed to high levels of PFAS, and in particular to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerika Durham
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Josiane Weber Tessmann
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Pan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Liu Y, Yu G, Zhang R, Feng L, Zhang J. Early life exposure to low-dose perfluorooctane sulfonate disturbs gut barrier homeostasis and increases the risk of intestinal inflammation in offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121708. [PMID: 37100370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the legacy per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is associated with multiple adverse health effects on children. However, much remains to be known about its potential impacts on intestinal immune homeostasis during early life. Our study found that PFOS exposure during pregnancy in rats significantly increased the maternal serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and zonulin, a gut permeability biomarker, and decreased gene expressions of Tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) and Claudin-4 (Cldn4), the tight junction proteins, in maternal colons on gestation day 20 (GD20). Being exposed to PFOS during pregnancy and lactation in rats significantly decreased the body weight of pups and increased the offspring's serum levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on postnatal day 14 (PND14), and induced a disrupted gut tight junction, manifested by decreased expressions of Tjp1 in pup's colons on PND14 and increased pup's serum concentrations of zonulin on PND28. By integrating high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics, we demonstrated that early-life PFOS exposure altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota that were correlated with the changed metabolites in serum. The altered blood metabolome was associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in offspring. These changes and correlations were divergent at each developmental stage, and pathways underlying immune homeostasis imbalance were significantly enriched in the PFOS-exposed gut. Our findings provide new evidence for the developmental toxicity of PFOS and its underlying mechanism and explain in part the epidemiological observation of its immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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An Z, Yang J, Xiao F, Lv J, Xing X, Liu H, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Guo H. Hippocampal Proteomics Reveals the Role of Glutamatergic Synapse Activation in the Depression Induced by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7866-7877. [PMID: 37191230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a new type of persistent organic pollutant in the environment of water, has drawn significant attention in recent years due to its widespread prevalence and high toxicity. Neurotoxicity is regarded as one of the major toxic effects of PFOS, while research studies on PFOS-induced depression and the underlying mechanisms remain scarce. In this study, behavioral tests revealed the depressive-like behaviors in PFOS-exposed male mice. Neuron damages including pyknosis and staining deepening were identified through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Then, we noticed the elevation of glutamate and proline levels as well as the decline of glutamine and tryptophan levels. Proteomics analysis identified 105 differentially expressed proteins that change in a dose-dependent manner and revealed that PFOS exposure activated the glutamatergic synapse signaling pathway, which were further confirmed by Western blot, and the data were consistent with the findings of the proteomics analysis. Additionally, the downstream signaling cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptic plasticity-related postsynaptic density protein 95, synaptophysin, were downregulated. Our results highlight that PFOS exposure may inhibit the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus via glutamatergic synapse and the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway to cause depressive-like behaviors in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen An
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Junli Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Heqiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhanchi Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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9
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Wang D, Tan Z, Yang J, Li L, Li H, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Q, Guo H. Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes atherosclerosis by modulating M1 polarization of macrophages through the NF-κB pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114384. [PMID: 36512850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widely used and distributed perfluorinated compounds and is reported to be harmful to cardiovascular health; however, the direct association between PFOS exposure and atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PFOS exposure on the atherosclerosis progression and the underlying mechanisms. PFOS was administered through oral gavage to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice for 12 weeks. PFOS exposure significantly increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and intima-media thickness (IMT), increased aortic plaque burden and vulnerability, and elevated serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels. PFOS promoted aortic and RAW264.7 M1 macrophage polarization, which increased the secretion of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization, which decreased the expression of CD206, arginine I (Arg-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Moreover, PFOS activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the aorta and macrophages. BAY11-7082 was used to inhibit NF-κB-alleviated M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammatory response induced by PFOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results are the first to reveal the acceleratory effect of PFOS on the atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice, which is associated with the NF-κB activation of macrophages to M1 polarization to induce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heqiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Li J, Wang L, Zhang X, Liu P, Deji Z, Xing Y, Zhou Y, Lin X, Huang Z. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and its influence on the intestinal barrier: An overview on the advances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158362. [PMID: 36055502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of artificially synthetic organic compounds that are hardly degraded in the natural environment. PFAS have been widely used for many decades, and the persistence and potential toxicity of PFAS are an emerging concern in the world. PFAS exposed via diet can be readily absorbed by the intestine and enter the circulatory system or accumulate directly at intestinal sites, which could interact with the intestine and cause the destruction of intestinal barrier. This review summarizes current relationships between PFAS exposure and intestinal barrier damage with a focus on more recent toxicological studies. Exposure to PFAS could cause inflammation in the gut, destruction of the gut epithelium and tight junction structure, reduction of the mucus layer, and induction of the toxicity of immune cells. PFAS accumulation could also induce microbial disorders and metabolic products changes. In addition, there are limited studies currently, and most available studies converge on the health risk of PFAS exposure for human intestinal disease. Therefore, more efforts are deserved to further understand potential associations between PFAS exposure and intestinal dysfunction and enable better assessment of exposomic toxicology and health risks for humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhuoma Deji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yudong Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Emerging and legacy PFAS and cytokine homeostasis in women of childbearing age. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6517. [PMID: 35444213 PMCID: PMC9021217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread chemicals. Legacy PFAS have been phased out of production in most developed countries and emerging PFAS (short-chain PFAS and polyfluorinated compounds) are used as legacy PFAS alternatives. The effect of legacy and emerging PFAS on cytokine homeostasis in human remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between legacy and emerging PFAS and cytokine profiles, and identify the main contributors to the disturbance of cytokine homeostasis. We quantified 21 PFAS in 198 Chinese women of childbearing age from 2015 to 2016. 13 cytokines were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery U-PLEX and V-PLEX platforms. The associations between PFAS exposure and cytokine levels were assessed using multiple linear regression (single-exposure), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models (PFAS mixture exposure). In single PFAS models, legacy and alternative PFAS were positively associated with Th1 and Treg cytokines, and negatively associated with Th2 and Th17 cytokines. For instance, each ln-unit increase in 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was associated with a decrease in IL-10 by − 0.228 (95% CI: − 0.336, − 0.120), − 0.153 (95% CI: − 0.277, − 0.030), and − 0.174 (95% CI: − 0.339, − 0.010), respectively. The BKMR model showed a significantly positive association of PFAS mixture with TGF-β and a negative association with IL-10. Overall, these results indicate that both legacy and emerging PFAS may affect the homeostasis of cytokines.
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