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Juneja P, Rashid N, Abul Qais F, Tanwar S, Sultan I, Ahmad F, Rehman SU. Alternative splicing generates a novel ferroportin isoform with a shorter C-terminal and an intact iron- and hepcidin-binding property. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:523-533. [PMID: 38348962 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Ferroportin (FPN) is a transmembrane protein and is the only known iron exporter that helps in maintaining iron homeostasis in vertebrates. To maintain stable iron equilibrium in the body, ferroportin works in conjunction with a peptide called hepcidin. In this study, we have identified an alternatively spliced novel isoform of the human SLC40A1 gene, which encodes for the FPN protein and is found to be expressed in different tissues. The novel transcript has an alternate last exon and encodes 31-amino acid long peptide sequence that replaces 104 amino acids at C-terminal in the novel transcript. Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed key structural features of the novel isoform (FPN-N). FPN-N was predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains similar to the reported isoform (FPN), despite being much smaller in size. FPN-N was found to interact with hepcidin, a key regulator of ferroportin activity. Also, the iron-binding sites were retained in the novel isoform as revealed by the MD simulation of FPN-N in bilipid membrane. The novel isoform identified in this study may play important role in iron homeostasis. However, further studies are required to characterize the FPN-N isoform and decipher its role inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Juneja
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naira Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Supriya Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Insha Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Liu C, Wang Y, Xia H, Liu Y, Yang X, Yuan X, Chen J, Wang M, Li E. High Concentration of Iron Ions Contributes to Ferroptosis-Mediated Testis Injury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04192-7. [PMID: 38771434 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of excessive iron supplementation on ferroptosis in mouse testes, Kunming mice received injections of varying concentrations of iron. The organ weight, sperm density, and malformation rate were measured. Observations of pathological and ultrastructural alterations in spermatogenic tubules were conducted using haematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Transcript levels of related genes and serum biochemical indicators were measured in mouse testicular tissue. The results showed that higher iron concentration inhibited the growth of mice; reduced the organ coefficients of the testis, heart, and liver; and increased the rate of sperm malformation and mortality. Supplementation with high levels of iron ions can adversely affect the male reproductive system by reducing sperm count, damaging the structure of the seminiferous tubules and causing sperm cell abnormalities. In addition, the iron levels also affected the immune response and blood coagulation ability by affecting the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The results showed that iron ions can affect mouse testicular tissue and induce ferroptosis by altering the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. However, the degree of effect was different for the different concentrations of iron ions. The study also revealed the potential role of deferoxamine in inhibiting the occurrence of ferroptosis. Nevertheless, the damage caused to the testis by deferoxamine supplementation suggests the need for further research in this direction. This study provides reference for reproductive toxicity induced by environmental iron exposure and clarifies the mechanism of reproductive toxicity caused by iron overload and the important role of iron in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Liu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
- Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Huili Xia
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiongyan Yuan
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China
| | - Enzhong Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan Province, China.
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Li J, Koonyosying P, Korsieporn W, Paradee N, Hutachok N, Xu H, Ma Y, Chuljerm H, Srichairatanakool S. Deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid attenuates iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defenses in iron-loaded human Huh7 hepatic cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1364261. [PMID: 38572444 PMCID: PMC10987756 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1364261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are complications of thalassemia with iron overload. Iron chelators are required to remove excessive iron, and antioxidants are supplemented to diminish harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), purposing to ameliorate oxidative liver damage and dysfunctions. The deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid (DFP-RVT) is a synthetic iron chelator possessing anti-β-amyloid peptide aggregation, anti-malarial activity, and hepatoprotection in plasmodium-infected mice. The study focuses on investigating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, iron-chelating, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense properties of DFP-RVT in iron-loaded human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) cells. In the findings, DFP-RVT dose dependently bound Fe(II) and Fe(III) and exerted stronger ABTS•- and DPPH•-scavenging (IC50 = 8.0 and 164 μM, respectively) and anti-RBC hemolytic activities (IC50 = 640 μM) than DFP but weaker than RVT (p < 0.01). DFP-RVT was neither toxic to Huh7 cells nor PBMCs. In addition, DFP-RVT diminished the level of redox-active iron (p < 0.01) and decreased the non-heme iron content (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells effectively when compared without treatment in the order of DFP-RVT > RVT ∼ DFP treatments (50 µM each). Moreover, the compound decreased levels of hepatic ROS in a dose-dependent manner and the level of malondialdehyde, which was stronger than DFP but weaker than RVT. Furthermore, DFP-RVT restored the decrease in the GSH content and GPX and SOD activities (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells in the dose-dependent manner, consistently in the order of RVT > DFP-RVT > DFP. Thus, the DFP-RVT hybrid possesses potent iron chelation, antioxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense against oxidative liver damage under iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woranontee Korsieporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Honghong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hataichanok Chuljerm
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Jia CL, Li BL, Zhao ZH, Zhang Z, Qi-Chen, Song JX, Gou Y, Gao SY, Sun CS, He Y, Ji ES, Zhao Y. Rosmarinic Acid Liposomes Downregulate Hepcidin Expression via BMP6-SMAD1/5/8 Pathway in Mice with Iron Overload. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04828-9. [PMID: 38175414 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the potential protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RosA) encapsulated within nanoliposomes (RosA-LIP) on hepatic damage induced by iron overload. The characteristics, stability, and release of RosA-LIP in vitro were identified. The mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Control, Model, Model+DFO (DFO), Model+RosA (RosA), and Model+RosA-LIP (RosA-LIP). The iron overload model was induced by administering iron dextran (i.p.). The DFO, RosA, and RosA-LIP groups received iron dextran and were subsequently treated with DFO, RosA, and RosA-LIP for 14 days. We developed a novel formulation of RosA-LIP that exhibited stability and controlled release properties. Firstly, RosA-LIP improved liver function and ameliorated pathological changes in a mouse model of iron overload. Secondly, RosA-LIP demonstrated the ability to enhance the activities of T-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, while reducing the levels of MDA and 4-HNE, thereby effectively mitigating oxidative stress damage induced by iron overload. Thirdly, RosA-LIP reduced hepatic iron levels by downregulating FTL, FTH, and TfR1 levels. Additionally, RosA-LIP exerted a suppressive effect on hepcidin expression through the BMP6-SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Furthermore, RosA-LIP upregulated FPN1 expression in both the liver and duodenum, thereby alleviating iron accumulation in these organs in mice with iron overload. Notably, RosA exhibited a comparable iron chelation effect, and RosA-LIP demonstrated superior efficacy in mitigating liver damage induced by excessive iron overload. RosA-LIP exhibited favorable sustained release properties, targeted delivery, and efficient protection against iron overload-induced liver damage. A schematic representation of the proposed protective mechanism of rosmarinic acid liposome during iron overload. Once RosA-LIP is transported into cells, RosA is released. On the one hand, RosA attenuates the BMP6-SMAD1/5/8-SMAD4 signaling pathway activation, leading to inhibiting hepcidin transcription. Then, the declined hepcidin contacted the inhibitory effect of FPN1 in hepatocytes and duodenum, increasing iron mobilization. On the other hand, RosA inhibits TfR1 and ferritin expression, which decreases excessive iron and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Jia
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Zi-Hao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Pharmaceutical College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Qi-Chen
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Ji-Xian Song
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yujing Gou
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Si-Yu Gao
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Chen-Sha Sun
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yingna He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Pharmaceutical College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang City, 050200, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Yashuo Zhao
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Luquan Xingyuan Road 3, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050013, China.
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang J. Modulation of the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 Signaling Axis Regulating Ferroptosis-induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Senescence to Explore the Anti-hepatic Fibrosis Mechanism of Curcumol. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2821-2837. [PMID: 38351696 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673271261231213051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) reduces extracellular matrix expression to reverse liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis is closely related to cellular senescence, but its regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated. The iron ions weakly bound to ferritin in the cell are called labile iron pool (LIP), and together with ferritin, they maintain cellular iron homeostasis and regulate the cell's sensitivity to ferroptosis. METHODS We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a pathological model group and divided the hepatic stellate cells into a blank group, a model group, and a curcumol 12.5 mg/L group, a curcumol 25 mg/L group, and a curcumol 50 mg/L group. HIF-1α-NCOA4- FTH1 signalling axis, ferroptosis and cellular senescence were detected by various cellular molecular biology experiments. RESULT We found that curcumol could induce hepatic stellate cell senescence by promoting iron death in hepatic stellate cells. Curcumol induced massive deposition of iron ions in hepatic stellate cells by activating the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 signalling axis, which further led to iron overload and lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis. Interestingly, our knockdown of HIF-1α rescued curcumol-induced LIP and iron deposition in hepatic stellate cells, suggesting that HIF-1α is a key target of curcumol in regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis. We were able to rescue curcumol-induced hepatic stellate cell senescence when we reduced LIP and iron ion deposition using iron chelators. CONCLUSION Overall, curcumol induces ferroptosis and cellular senescence by increasing HIF-1α expression and increasing NCOA4 interaction with FTH1, leading to massive deposition of LIP and iron ions, which may be the molecular biological mechanism of its anti-liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiaru Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
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Liu C, Li S, Zhang C, Jin CH. Recent Advances in Research on Active Compounds Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2571-2628. [PMID: 37497688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230727102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all chronic liver diseases cause fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer. Liver fibrosis is now considered to be a reversible pathophysiological process and suppression of fibrosis is necessary to prevent liver cancer. At present, no specific drugs have been found that have hepatic anti-fibrotic activity. OBJECTIVE The research progress of anti-hepatic fibrosis compounds in recent ten years was reviewed to provide a reference for the design and development of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. METHODS According to the structure of the compounds, they are divided into monocyclic compounds, fused-heterocyclic compounds, and acyclic compounds. RESULTS In this article, the natural products and synthetic compounds with anti-fibrotic activity in recent ten years were reviewed, with emphasis on their pharmacological activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR). CONCLUSION Most of these compounds are natural active products and their derivatives, and there are few researches on synthetic compounds and SAR studies on natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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Sadek SA, Marzouk M, Mohamed HRH, El-Sallam BFA, Elfiky AA, Sayed AA. Chia seeds and coenzyme Q 10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19773. [PMID: 37957293 PMCID: PMC10643458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload (IOL) can cause hepatorenal damage due to iron-mediated oxidative and mitochondrial damage. Remarkably, combining a natural iron chelator with an antioxidant can exert greater efficacy than monotherapy. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chia and CoQ10 to chelate excess iron and prevent hepatorenal oxidative damage in IOL mice. Male Swiss albino mice (n = 49) were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, dietary Chia, CoQ10, IOL, IOL + Chia, IOL + CoQ10, and IOL + Chia + CoQ10. Computational chemistry indicates that the phytic acid found in the Chia seeds is stable, reactive, and able to bind to up to three iron ions (both Fe2+ and Fe3+). IOL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC, TSI, RBCs, Hb, MCV, MCH, WBCs, AST, ALT, creatinine, and MDA. IOL causes a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in UIBC, platelets, and antioxidant molecules (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GR). Also, IOL elicits mitochondrial membrane change depolarization, and DNA fragmentation and suppresses mitochondrial DNA copies. Furthermore, substantial changes in hepatic and renal tissue, including hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, glomerular degeneration, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubular degeneration, were observed in the IOL group. Dietary Chia and CoQ10 induced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration in all the mentioned parameters. They can mostly repair the abnormal architecture of hepatic and renal tissues induced by IOL, as signified by normal sinusoids, normal central veins, and neither glomerular damage nor degenerated tubules. In conclusion, the combined treatment with Chia + CoQ10 exerts more pronounced efficacy than monotherapy in hepatorenal protection via chelating excess iron and improved cellular antioxidant status and hepatorenal mitochondrial function in IOL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Sadek
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Zhu B, Wei Y, Zhang M, Yang S, Tong R, Li W, Long E. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: ferroptosis related mechanisms and potential drugs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1286449. [PMID: 38027027 PMCID: PMC10665502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1286449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is considered a "multisystem" disease that simultaneously suffers from metabolic diseases and hepatic steatosis. Some may develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the close connection between metabolic diseases and fatty liver, it is urgent to identify drugs that can control metabolic diseases and fatty liver as a whole and delay disease progression. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation resulting from abnormal iron metabolism, is a programmed cell death mechanism. It is an important pathogenic mechanism in metabolic diseases or fatty liver, and may become a key direction for improving MASLD. In this article, we have summarized the physiological and pathological mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis, as well as the connections established between metabolic diseases and fatty liver through ferroptosis. We have also summarized MASLD therapeutic drugs and potential active substances targeting ferroptosis, in order to provide readers with new insights. At the same time, in future clinical trials involving subjects with MASLD (especially with the intervention of the therapeutic drugs), the detection of serum iron metabolism levels and ferroptosis markers in patients should be increased to further explore the efficacy of potential drugs on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuankui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Enwu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Fehsel K. Why Is Iron Deficiency/Anemia Linked to Alzheimer's Disease and Its Comorbidities, and How Is It Prevented? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2421. [PMID: 37760862 PMCID: PMC10526115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired iron metabolism has been increasingly observed in many diseases, but a deeper, mechanistic understanding of the cellular impact of altered iron metabolism is still lacking. In addition, deficits in neuronal energy metabolism due to reduced glucose import were described for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its comorbidities like obesity, depression, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to present the molecular link between both observations. Insufficient cellular glucose uptake triggers increased ferritin expression, leading to depletion of the cellular free iron pool and stabilization of the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) 1α. This transcription factor induces the expression of the glucose transporters (Glut) 1 and 3 and shifts the cellular metabolism towards glycolysis. If this first line of defense is not adequate for sufficient glucose supply, further reduction of the intracellular iron pool affects the enzymes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and activates the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). This enzyme triggers the translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane as well as the autophagic recycling of cell components in order to mobilize energy resources. Moreover, AMPK activates the autophagic process of ferritinophagy, which provides free iron urgently needed as a cofactor for the synthesis of heme- and iron-sulfur proteins. Excessive activation of this pathway ends in ferroptosis, a special iron-dependent form of cell death, while hampered AMPK activation steadily reduces the iron pools, leading to hypoferremia with iron sequestration in the spleen and liver. Long-lasting iron depletion affects erythropoiesis and results in anemia of chronic disease, a common condition in patients with AD and its comorbidities. Instead of iron supplementation, drugs, diet, or phytochemicals that improve energy supply and cellular glucose uptake should be administered to counteract hypoferremia and anemia of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Neurobiochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 240629 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Abo-Elghiet F, Mohamed SA, Yasin NAE, Temraz A, El-Tantawy WH, Ahmed SF. The effect of Alnus incana (L.) Moench extracts in ameliorating iron overload-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7635. [PMID: 37169909 PMCID: PMC10175300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload causes multiorgan dysfunction and serious damage. Alnus incana from the family Betulaceae, widely distributed in North America, is used for treating diseases. In this study, we investigated the iron chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities of the total and butanol extract from Alnus incana in iron-overloaded rats and identified the bioactive components in both extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We induced iron overload in the rats via six intramuscular injections of 12.5 mg iron dextran/100 g body weight for 30 days. The rats were then administered 60 mg ferrous sulfate /kg body weight once daily using a gastric tube. The total and butanol extracts were given orally, and the reference drug (deferoxamine) was administered subcutaneously for another month. After two months, we evaluated the biochemical, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical parameters. Iron overload significantly increased the serum iron level, liver biomarker activities, hepatic iron content, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 levels. It also substantially (P < 0.05) reduced serum albumin, total protein, and total bilirubin content, and hepatic reduced glutathione levels. It caused severe histopathological alterations compared to the control rats, which were markedly (P < 0.05) ameliorated after treatment. The total extract exhibited significantly higher anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities but lower antioxidant and iron-chelating activities than the butanol extract. Several polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, were detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis. Our findings suggest that both extracts might alleviate iron overload-induced hepatoxicity and other pathological conditions characterized by hepatic iron overload, including thalassemia and sickle-cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abo-Elghiet
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaza A Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Samah Fathy Ahmed
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Scarano A, Laddomada B, Blando F, De Santis S, Verna G, Chieppa M, Santino A. The Chelating Ability of Plant Polyphenols Can Affect Iron Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030630. [PMID: 36978878 PMCID: PMC10045931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, many studies have widely examined the effects of dietary polyphenols on human health. Polyphenols are well known for their antioxidant properties and for their chelating abilities, by which they can be potentially employed in cases of pathological conditions, such as iron overload. In this review, we have highlighted the chelating abilities of polyphenols, which are due to their structural specific sites, and the differences for each class of polyphenols. We have also explored how the dietary polyphenols and their iron-binding abilities can be important in inflammatory/immunomodulatory responses, with a special focus on the involvement of macrophages and dendritic cells, and how they might contribute to reshape the gut microbiota into a healthy profile. This review also provides evidence that the axes “polyphenol–iron metabolism–inflammatory responses” and “polyphenol–iron availability–gut microbiota” have not been very well explored so far, and the need for further investigation to exploit such a potential to prevent or counteract pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Science of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Science of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Science of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Verna
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Science of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.S.)
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12
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Han X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Li L, Xue Y, Jia Q, Wang X, Guan S. Liquiritin Protects Against Cardiac Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting CCL5 Expression and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4111-4125. [PMID: 36483459 PMCID: PMC9724582 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s386805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite significant advances in interventional treatment, myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent cardiac fibrosis remain major causes of high mortality worldwide. Liquiritin (LQ) is a flavonoid extract from licorice that possesses a variety of pharmacological properties. However, to our knowledge, the effects of LQ on myocardial fibrosis after MI have not been reported in detail. The aim of our research was to explore the potential role and mechanism of LQ in MI-induced myocardial damage. Methods The MI models were established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Next, rats were orally administered LQ once a day for 14 days. Biochemical assays, histopathological observations, ELISA, and Western blotting analyses were then conducted. Results LQ improved the heart appearance and ECG, decreased cardiac weight index and reduced levels of cardiac-specific markers such as CK, CK-MB, LDH, cTnI and BNP. Meanwhile, LQ reduced myocardial infarct size and improved hemodynamic parameters such as LVEDP, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax. Moreover, H&E staining showed that LQ attenuated the pathological damage caused by MI. Masson staining showed that LQ alleviated myocardial cell disorder and fibrosis while reducing collagen deposition. LQ also decreased the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Western blotting demonstrated that LQ significantly down-regulated the expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, TGF-β1, MMP-9, α-SMA, CCL5, and p-NF-κB. Conclusion LQ protected against myocardial fibrosis following MI by improving cardiac function, and attenuating oxidative damage and inflammatory response, which may be associated with inhibition of CCL5 expression and the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yakun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China,Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucong Xue
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangting Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiangting Wang, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China,School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China,Shengjiang Guan, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Email
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