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Kang W, Malvaso A, Whelan E. Asthma Moderates the Association between the Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2560. [PMID: 37761757 PMCID: PMC10531466 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine whether asthma moderates the association between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction. By analyzing data from 3934 people with asthma (40.09% males) with a mean age of 49.2 (S.D. = 16.94) years old and 22,914 people without asthma (42.9% males) with a mean age of 45.62 (S.D. = 17.25) years old using a hierarchical regression and multiple regressions, the current study found that asthma significantly moderates the link between Neuroticism and life satisfaction and Openness and life satisfaction after controlling for other covariates. Specifically, Neuroticism was negatively related to life satisfaction whereas Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were positively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without asthma. However, the negative association between Neuroticism and life satisfaction and the positive association between Openness and life satisfaction were stronger in people with asthma compared to people without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Edward Whelan
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Delle Fave A, Wissing MP, Brdar I. Beyond polarization towards dynamic balance: harmony as the core of mental health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1177657. [PMID: 37771812 PMCID: PMC10525342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldviews are culturally derived assumptions that influence individual and collective behaviors, values, and representations of reality. The study of mental functions is not exempt from this influence, as reflected in scientific theories, methodological approaches, and empirical studies. Despite acknowledging the interplay of mental processes with developmental, environmental, and cultural dimensions, psychological research is still primarily based on quantitative methods, and on the conceptualization of mental phenomena as unfolding along polarized continua. A lively epistemological debate surrounds this approach, especially underscoring the risk of blurring the distinction between constructs derived from statistical models and real-life processes and experiences. Based on this debate and on recent empirical evidence derived from the positive psychology literature, this paper is aimed at proposing an integrated view of mental health, as a holistically patterned, contextually imbedded, and dynamic phenomenon changing over time and across life events, with harmony, harmonization and dynamic balance as core qualities. The heuristic potential of investigating the qualitative configuration patterns of mental health dimensions across individuals and groups, beyond their position along a quantitative continuum, is outlined. The development of more integrated approaches and methodologies to investigate mental health as a harmonization process, taking into account personal, contextual and developmental features, would be aligned with evidence derived from the integration of traditional nomothetic and ideographic approaches, and other life sciences. However, the development of a transdisciplinary line of research requires further inputs from different epistemological views, as well as higher attention to the potential contribution of different philosophical traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Delle Fave
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marié Philipina Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Brdar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Kang W, Whelan E, Malvaso A. Understanding the Role of Cancer Diagnosis in the Associations between Personality and Life Satisfaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2359. [PMID: 37628556 PMCID: PMC10454834 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Life satisfaction refers to the degree a person enjoys their life. An integrated account of life satisfaction is discussed in the literature, which proposes that life satisfaction is made up of personality traits and areas of life satisfaction (e.g., satisfaction with health, job, and social life). In addition, disruptions in one domain (e.g., health) may disrupt the association between personality traits and life satisfaction. The current research was interested in if clinically diagnosed cancer could influence the association between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction. The current study analyzed data from 1214 people with a diagnosis of cancer (38.55% males) with an average age of 59.70 (S.D. = 15.53) years and 13,319 people without a cancer diagnosis (38.13% males) with an average age of 59.97 (S.D. = 11.10) years who participated in Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). For the first time, our study revealed that cancer markedly influences the relationship between Agreeableness and life satisfaction, after accounting for demographic variables. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without clinically diagnosed cancer, whereas Agreeableness and Extraversion were positively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without clinically diagnosed cancer. Openness and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction in people without cancer but were not significant predictors in people with cancer. Health professionals should develop strategies and interventions by fostering personality traits, including Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, while reducing Neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Beltrán-Morillas AM, Villanueva-Moya L, Sánchez-Hernández MD, Alonso-Ferres M, Garrido-Macías M, Expósito F. Infidelity in the Adolescence Stage: The Roles of Negative Affect, Hostility, and Psychological Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4114. [PMID: 36901124 PMCID: PMC10002242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infidelity is a relational process common in all types of romantic relationships and has been established as one of the main causes of relationship breakdown. However, little is known about this type of transgression in adolescent romantic relationships, although it manifests as a fairly frequent behavior involving different motivations. Even less is known about the emotional impact of infidelity on the offending person and its association with hostile behavior and psychological well-being. METHODS Through an experimental study (N = 301 Spanish adolescents (190 female and 111 male; Mage = 15.59, SD = 0.69; range from 15 to 17), we sought to analyze the effect of manipulating two types of motivations for infidelity (sexual vs. emotional dissatisfaction) on negative affect, hostility, and psychological well-being. RESULTS The main results revealed that committing infidelity motivated by hypothetical sexual (vs. emotional) dissatisfaction was indirectly related to lower psychological well-being through its effects on increased negative affect and hostility. CONCLUSIONS Last but not least, we discuss these findings, highlighting the possible implications of infidelity for the psychosocial and psychosexual development of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Alonso-Ferres
- Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido-Macías
- Department of Communication and Social Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisca Expósito
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Mamani-Benito O, Carranza Esteban RF, Castillo-Blanco R, Caycho-Rodriguez T, Tito-Betancur M, Farfán-Solís R. Anxiety and depression as predictors of life satisfaction during pre-professional health internships in COVID-19 times: the mediating role of psychological well-being. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11025. [PMID: 36267382 PMCID: PMC9557111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the emotional impact of COVID-19 on university students, the goal was to explore the relationship between anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among pre-professional interns. The research was carried out using an explanatory cross-sectional design, with the participation of 1011 pre-professional interns of 13 health networks from the department of Puno (Peru). Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, Patient Health Questionnaire 2, and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The main data analysis was carried out using the R statistical software, and implementing the confirmatory factor analysis technique, which evidenced that the explanatory model provides an acceptable value. Based on the above, a negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, (β = -.60, p < .001) and a positive relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction (β = .28, p < .001) was shown, in addition to a mediating effect of the psychological wellbeing related to depression and life satisfaction (p < .001). In conclusion, life satisfaction is explained concerning the degree of depression and anxiety, as well as the moderating effect of psychological well-being. Despite that, there is an urgent need to take preventive actions to strengthen the mental health of the pre-professional health interns, who have also been providing support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mamani-Benito
- Facultad de Derecho y Humanidades, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Malvaso A, Kang W. The relationship between areas of life satisfaction, personality, and overall life satisfaction: An integrated account. Front Psychol 2022; 13:894610. [PMID: 36211891 PMCID: PMC9532945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount of research has been conducted using a variety of methodological approaches to determine what influences life satisfaction. The bottom-up theory considers overall life satisfaction as a function of various areas of life satisfaction, whereas the top-down theory considers the areas of life satisfaction as a function of dispositional factors such as personality. We examined these models in a large-scale United Kingdom survey. Consistent with other studies, we found that both the bottom-up and top-down models of life satisfaction are supported in the United Kingdom by demonstrating that demographics, areas of life satsifaction, and personality traits can explain a significant portion of variances in overall areas of life satisfaction. We propose that future studies in life satisfaction research should consider the integrated account of life satisfaction rather than a unitary bottom-up or top-down perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Malvaso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Weixi Kang
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Khazaei M, Holder MD, Sirois FM, Oades LG, Gallagher MW. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) in Iranian adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jovanović V, Rudnev M, Arslan G, Buzea C, Dimitrova R, Góngora V, Guse T, Ho RTH, Iqbal N, Jámbori S, Jhang FH, Kaniušonytė G, Li J, Lim YJ, Lodi E, Mannerström R, Marcionetti J, Neto F, Osin E, Park J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Piotrowski J, Proctor C, Rahmandani A, Salmela-Aro K, Ortuño-Sierra J, Stefenel D, Sugimura K, Tan SA, Wang S, Yip PSF, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Žukauskienė R. The Satisfaction with Life Scale in Adolescent Samples: Measurement Invariance across 24 Countries and Regions, Age, and Gender. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:2139-2161. [PMID: 35096193 PMCID: PMC8784202 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-021-10024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measurement of adolescent life satisfaction across cultures has not received much attention in previous empirical research. The present study evaluated measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) among adolescents in 24 countries and regions (N = 22,710; age range = 13-19 years; 53% female). A single-factor model with residual covariance between a pair of items tapping past life satisfaction fitted well in 19 countries and regions and showed a partial metric invariance. In a subset of nine countries and regions, partial scalar invariance was supported. Partial metric invariance across all 24 countries and regions was achieved when custom model modifications in five countries and regions were included. Three SWLS items showed evidence of noninvariance across cultures. The measurement model was found to operate similarly across gender and age. Our findings suggest that caution is needed when using the SWLS for measuring life satisfaction among adolescents from different cultures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11482-021-10024-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Carmen Buzea
- Department of Social Sciences and Communication, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
| | | | - Vanesa Góngora
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tharina Guse
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rainbow T. H. Ho
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre On Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Szilvia Jámbori
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fang-Hua Jhang
- Department of Law and Social Work, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Goda Kaniušonytė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Young-Jin Lim
- Department of Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ernesto Lodi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Jenny Marcionetti
- Department of Education and Learning, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Felix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evgeny Osin
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory LINP-2, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Joonha Park
- Department of Management, NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Jarosław Piotrowski
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmel Proctor
- Positive Psychology Research Centre, St Saviour, Guernsey
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Soon Aun Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul S. F. Yip
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Rita Žukauskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Winzer R, Vaez M, Lindberg L, Sorjonen K. Exploring associations between subjective well-being and personality over a time span of 15-18 months: a cohort study of adolescents in Sweden. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:173. [PMID: 34740376 PMCID: PMC8569843 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) is a contributing factor for building resilience and a resource for positive outcomes, e.g. study achievement and work performance. Earlier studies have examined associations between and prospective effects of personality traits on SWB, but few addressed the role that SWB plays in formation of personality over time. The purpose of our study was to examine associations and prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa in a cohort sample of secondary school students in Sweden who completed self-reported measures of SWB and personality traits at baseline (N = 446, 76% females) and at 15–18 month follow-up (N = 283, 71% females). Methods SWB was defined and measured by the WHO-5 Well-being Index and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Big Five Inventory was used to measure personality traits. Autoregressive models were used to analyse associations and potential prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa. Results Low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with high levels of SWB at baseline and follow-up. The association between SWB and neuroticism was notably strong. We found high statistically significant rank order stability across the two time points for all measures of personality traits with stability effects, derived from the autoregressive models, ranging from .199 for extraversion to .440 for neuroticism. Stability for SWB was statistically significant across the two time points and ranged from .182 for well-being to .353 for life satisfaction. SWB had a prospective effect on agreeableness only. None of the personality traits had any significant prospective effects on SWB. Conclusions The present findings indicate that although correlated, bidirectional prospective effects between personality traits and SWB could not be confirmed. Neuroticism displayed the strongest negative association with adolescents’ SWB. Schools are an appropriate setting to improve well-being, and allocating resources that reduce neuroticism is crucial, including structural interventions, policies for healthy school settings and teaching emotional regulation techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00673-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Winzer
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyles, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Marjan Vaez
- Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyles, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lene Lindberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 10431, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Habibi M, Etesami MS, Taghizadeh MA, Akrami FS, Garcia D. Psychometric properties of the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) in a sample of Iranian young adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10752. [PMID: 33665009 PMCID: PMC7908888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the factor structure, reliability and test-retest validity of the 12-item Iranian version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). Additionally, the MEIM's concurrent validity was tested by investigating the association between ethnic identity and subjective well-being. METHOD The scale was translated into Persian language and was administered to 426 students (193 female) at a major public university in Tehran along with the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor first-order commitment, and exploration (consisting of 12 items), and the second-order unidimensional factor structure of general ethnic identity. Moreover, we found evidence for good internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The MEIM Persian version was found to be a valid and reliable measure to examine ethnic identity in this Iranian student population, for both males and females. These results support the utility of the Persian version of the MEIM for its use in Middle-Eastern contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Habibi
- Health promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maede Sadat Etesami
- Health promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Sadat Akrami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Humanities and Social sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Promotion of Health and Innovation (PHI) Lab, Network for Well-Being, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden
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Nima AA, Cloninger KM, Persson BN, Sikström S, Garcia D. Validation of Subjective Well-Being Measures Using Item Response Theory. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3036. [PMID: 32038401 PMCID: PMC6987476 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subjective well-being refers to the extent to which a person believes or feels that her life is going well. It is considered as one of the best available proxies for a broader, more canonical form of well-being. For over 30 years, one important distinction in the conceptualization of subjective well-being is the contrast between more affective evaluations of biological emotional reactions and more cognitive evaluations of one's life in relation to a psychologically self-imposed ideal. More recently, researchers have suggested the addition of harmony in life, comprising behavioral evaluations of how one is doing in a social context. Since measures used to assess subjective well-being are self-reports, often validated only using Classical Test Theory, our aim was to focus on the psychometric properties of the measures using Item Response Theory. Method: A total of 1000 participants responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. At random, half of the participants answered to the Satisfaction with Life Scale or to the Harmony in life Scale. First, we evaluate and provide enough evidence of unidimensionality for each scale. Next, we conducted graded response models to validate the psychometric properties of the subjective well-being scales. Results: All scales showed varied frequency item distribution, high discrimination values (Alphas), and had different difficulty parameters (Beta) on each response options. For example, we identified items that respondents found difficult to endorse at the highest/lowest point of the scales (e.g., "Proud" for positive affect; item 5, "If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing," for life satisfaction; and item 3, "I am in harmony," for harmony in life). In addition, all scales could cover a good portion of the range of subjective well-being (Theta): -2.50 to 2.30 for positive affect, -1.00 to 3.50 for negative affect, -2.40 to 2.50 for life satisfaction, and -2.40 to 2.50 for harmony in life. Importantly, for all scales, there were weak reliability for respondents with extreme latent scores of subjective well-being. Conclusion: The affective component, especially low levels of negative affect, were less accurately measured, while both the cognitive and social component were covered to an equal degree. There was less reliability for respondents with extreme latent scores of subjective well-being. Thus, to improve reliability at the level of the scale, at the item level and at the level of the response scale for each item, we point out specific items that need to be modified or added. Moreover, the data presented here can be used as normative data for each of the subjective well-being constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Nima
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin M. Cloninger
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Anthropedia Foundation, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Björn N. Persson
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Jovanović V. Adolescent life satisfaction: The role of negative life events and the Big Five personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ferguson E, Dorner L, France CR, France JL, Masser B, Lam M, Marta E, Alfieri S, Merz EM, Adams B, Huis in ’t Veld E, Scerri J. Blood donor behaviour, motivations and the need for a systematic cross-cultural perspective: the example of moral outrage and health- and non-health-based philanthropy across seven countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Masser
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- Clinical Services and Research; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Michael Lam
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Elena Marta
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Milan Italy
| | - Sara Alfieri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Milan Italy
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Sanquin; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josianne Scerri
- University of Malta; Msida Malta
- University of London; London UK
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Garcia D, Persson BN, Al Nima A, Brulin JG, Rapp-Ricciardi M, Kajonius PJ. IRT analyses of the Swedish Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00569. [PMID: 29862337 PMCID: PMC5968130 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Dark Triad (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) can be captured quickly with 12 items using the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Jonason and Webster, 2010). Previous Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses of the original English Dark Triad Dirty Dozen have shown that all three subscales adequately tap into the dark domains of personality. The aim of the present study was to analyze the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen using IRT. Method 570 individuals (nmales = 326, nfemales = 242, and 2 unreported), including university students and white-collar workers with an age range between 19 and 65 years, responded to the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Garcia et al., 2017a,b). Results Contrary to previous research, we found that the narcissism scale provided most information, followed by psychopathy, and finally Machiavellianism. Moreover, the psychopathy scale required a higher level of the latent trait for endorsement of its items than the narcissism and Machiavellianism scales. Overall, all items provided reasonable amounts of information and are thus effective for discriminating between individuals. The mean item discriminations (alphas) were 1.92 for Machiavellianism, 2.31 for narcissism, and 1.99 for psychopathy. Conclusion This is the first study to provide IRT analyses of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Our findings add to a growing literature on the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale in different cultures and highlight psychometric characteristics, which can be used for comparative studies. Items tapping into psychopathy showed higher thresholds for endorsement than the other two scales. Importantly, the narcissism scale seems to provide more information about a lack of narcissism, perhaps mirroring cultural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | - Björn N Persson
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ali Al Nima
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | | | - Max Rapp-Ricciardi
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | - Petri J Kajonius
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, University West, Sweden
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15
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Lachmann B, Sariyska R, Kannen C, Błaszkiewicz K, Trendafilov B, Andone I, Eibes M, Markowetz A, Li M, Kendrick KM, Montag C. Contributing to Overall Life Satisfaction: Personality Traits Versus Life Satisfaction Variables Revisited-Is Replication Impossible? Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 8:bs8010001. [PMID: 29295529 PMCID: PMC5791019 DOI: 10.3390/bs8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually everybody would agree that life satisfaction is of immense importance in everyday life. Thus, it is not surprising that a considerable amount of research using many different methodological approaches has investigated what the best predictors of life satisfaction are. In the present study, we have focused on several key potential influences on life satisfaction including bottom-up and top-down models, cross-cultural effects, and demographic variables. In four independent (large scale) surveys with sample sizes ranging from N = 488 to 40,297, we examined the associations between life satisfaction and various related variables. Our findings demonstrate that prediction of overall life satisfaction works best when including information about specific life satisfaction variables. From this perspective, satisfaction with leisure showed the highest impact on overall life satisfaction in our European samples. Personality was also robustly associated with life satisfaction, but only when life satisfaction variables were not included in the regression model. These findings could be replicated in all four independent samples, but it was also demonstrated that the relevance of life satisfaction variables changed under the influence of cross-cultural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lachmann
- Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rayna Sariyska
- Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christopher Kannen
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Boris Trendafilov
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ionut Andone
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mark Eibes
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Mei Li
- Counseling Centre, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Christian Montag
- Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610051, China.
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16
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Amato C, Nima AA, Mihailovic M, Garcia D. Modus operandi and affect in Sweden: the Swedish version of the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4092. [PMID: 29181282 PMCID: PMC5702250 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Regulatory Mode Questionnaire (RMQ) is the most used and internationally well-known instrument for the measurement of individual differences in the two self-regulatory modes: locomotion (i.e., the aspect of self-regulation that is concerned with movement from state to state) and assessment (i.e., the comparative aspect of self-regulation). The aim of the present study was to verify the independence of the two regulatory modes, as postulated by the Regulatory Mode Theory (Kruglanski et al., 2000), and the psychometric properties of the RMQ in the Swedish context. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between regulatory modes (locomotion and assessment) and affective well-being (i.e., positive affect and negative affect). Method A total of 655 university and high school students in the West of Sweden (males = 408 females = 242, and five participants who didn’t report their gender; agemean = 21.93 ± 6.51) responded to the RMQ and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. We conducted two confirmatory factor analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM). A third SEM was conducted to test the relationship between locomotion and assessment to positive affect and negative affect. Results The first analyses confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of locomotion and assessment and both scales showed good reliability. The assessment scale, however, was modified by dropping item 10 (“I don’t spend much time thinking about ways others could improve themselves”.) because it showed low loading (.07, p = .115). Furthermore, the effect of locomotion on positive affect was stronger than the effect of assessment on positive affect (Z = −15.16, p < .001), while the effect of assessment on negative affect was stronger than the effect of locomotion on negative affect (Z = 10.73, p < .001). Conclusion The factor structure of the Swedish version of the RMQ is, as Regulatory Mode Theory suggests, unidimensional and it showed good reliability. The scales discriminated between the two affective well-being dimensions. We suggest that the Swedish version of the RMQ, with only minor modifications, is a useful instrument to tap individual differences in locomotion and assessment. Hence, the present study contributes to the validation of the RMQ in the Swedish culture and adds support to the theoretical framework of self-regulatory mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Amato
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | - Ali Al Nima
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
| | - Marko Mihailovic
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.,Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Satici SA, Gocet Tekin E. Harmony in Life Scale - Turkish version: Studies of validity and reliability. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2017; 30:18. [PMID: 32026160 PMCID: PMC6974339 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-017-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of Harmony in Life Scale (Turkish-HiL). The present paper investigates (study 1; N1 = 253) confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance; (study 2; N2 = 231) concurrent validity; (study 3; N3 = 260) convergent and known-group validities; (study 4; Nt − t = 50) test-retest, Cronbach alpha, and composite reliabilities of the Turkish-HiL. In study 1, based on a confirmatory factor analysis, results confirmed that unidimensional-factor structure. The results suggested that the model demonstrated a configural and metric invariance across the gender groups. In study 2, Turkish-HiL significantly correlated with measures of satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, positive affect, and negative affect. In study 3, Turkish-HiL was predicted positively by flourishing, conversely, negatively predicted by depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, in study 4, alpha, composite and test-retest reliabilities are acceptable. Overall, the scale presented here may prove useful for satisfactorily assessing, in Turkish, the harmony in life of the university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Artvin Coruh University, 08000, Artvin, Turkey.
| | - Emine Gocet Tekin
- Foreign Languages Department, Sakarya University, 54187, Adapazarı, Sakarya, Turkey
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18
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Fadardi JS, Azadi Z. The Relationship Between Trust-in-God, Positive and Negative Affect, and Hope. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:796-806. [PMID: 26440652 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test the relationships between Trust-in-God, positive and negative affect, and feelings of hope. A sample of university students (N = 282, 50 % female) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, and a Persian measure of Trust-in-God for Muslims. The results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that Trust-in-God was positively associated with participants' scores for hope and positive affect but was negatively associated with their scores for negative affect. The results support the relationship between Trust-in-God and indices of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad S Fadardi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
| | - Zeinab Azadi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Garcia D, Sagone E, De Caroli ME, Nima AA. Italian and Swedish adolescents: differences and associations in subjective well-being and psychological well-being. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2868. [PMID: 28097069 PMCID: PMC5237367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One important aspect of subjective judgments about one's well-being (i.e., subjective well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) is that cultural features, such as, nationality seem to shape cognitive judgments about the "the ideal life." In this comparative study we examined differences in subjective well-being and psychological well-being between Italian and Swedish adolescents and tested if the relationship between the three constructs of subjective well-being (i.e., satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being was moderated by the adolescents' nationality. METHOD Italian (n = 255) and Swedish (n = 277) adolescents answered to the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being. Differences between samples were tested using a Multiple Analysis of Variance. We also conducted a multiple group analysis (Italy and Sweden) using Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the relationship between all three subjective well-being constructs and psychological well-being. RESULTS Italian adolescents scored significantly higher in satisfaction with life than Swedish adolescents. Additionally, across countries, girls scored significantly higher in negative affect than boys. In both countries, all three constructs of subjective well-being were significantly associated to adolescents' psychological well-being. Nevertheless, while the effect of the relationship between affect and psychological well-being was almost the same across countries, life satisfaction was more strongly related to psychological well-being among Swedish adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that there are larger variations between these two cultures in the cognitive construct of subjective well-being than in the affective construct. Accordingly, associations between the cognitive component, not the affective component, of subjective well-being and psychological well-being differ between countries as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Sagone
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania , Catania , Sicily , Italy
| | | | - Ali Al Nima
- Blekinge Center of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
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20
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Hansson K, Bååth R, Löhndorf S, Sahlén B, Sikström S. Quantifying Semantic Linguistic Maturity in Children. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2016; 45:1183-1199. [PMID: 26440529 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-015-9398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to quantify semantic linguistic maturity (SELMA) based on a high dimensional semantic representation of words created from the co-occurrence of words in a large text corpus. The method was applied to oral narratives from 108 children aged 4;0-12;10. By comparing the SELMA measure with maturity ratings made by human raters we found that SELMA predicted the rating of semantic maturity made by human raters over and above the prediction made using a child's age and number of words produced. We conclude that the semantic content of narratives changes in a predictable pattern with children's age and argue that SELMA is a measure quantifying semantic linguistic maturity. The study opens up the possibility of using quantitative measures for studying the development of semantic representation in children's narratives, and emphasizes the importance of word co-occurrences for understanding the development of meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rasmus Bååth
- Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simone Löhndorf
- Department of Linguistics, Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Sahlén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Galinha IC, Garcia-Martin MÁ, Oishi S, Wirtz D, Esteves F. Cross-Cultural Comparison of Personality Traits, Attachment Security, and Satisfaction With Relationships as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being in India, Sweden, and the United States. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116658262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits like Neuroticism and Extroversion, Satisfaction With Relationships, and Attachment Security are among the most important predictors of subjective well-being (SWB). However, the relative contribution of these predictors to SWB is seldom tested, and even more rarely tested cross-culturally. In this study, we replicate and extend Galinha, Oishi, Pereira, Wirtz, and Esteves, aiming to identify the strongest predictors of SWB, and in what way that contribution is universal or culture-specific, across such collectivist-individualist countries as India, Sweden, and the United States ( N = 1,622). Structural equation modeling showed that Satisfaction With Relationships is a stronger predictor of SWB in India, while Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in Sweden and the United States, results consistent with prior Portuguese and Mozambican samples. These findings suggest that Satisfaction With Relationships is probably a stronger predictor of SWB in more collectivistic and less developed countries, while low Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in more individualistic and highly developed countries. Across all samples, Attachment Security and Extroversion showed very weak or nonsignificant effects on SWB above the contribution of Neuroticism and Satisfaction With Relationships, consistent with prior results. Neuroticism significantly mediated the relationship between Attachment Security, SWB, and Satisfaction With Relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Costa Galinha
- Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia, CIP, and Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention CIS, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal
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22
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Joshanloo M. A New Look at the Factor Structure of the MHC-SF in Iran and the United States Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:701-13. [PMID: 26990960 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in young adults from Iran and the USA and across gender. METHOD The sample consisted of 387 Iranian and 395 American university students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the new method of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The three-dimensional model of well-being as measured by the MHC-SF was consistent with the data. ESEM resulted in better fit indices as well as considerably lower factor correlations than did CFA. Partial measurement invariance across nations and full measurement invariance across gender were established. CONCLUSION The results confirm the three-dimensional structure of mental well-being, and indicate that the items of the MHC-SF function largely similarly across the two nations. These results also showcase the unique value of ESEM in understanding the factor structure of mental well-being.
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23
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Garcia D, Jimmefors A, Mousavi F, Adrianson L, Rosenberg P, Archer T. Self-regulatory mode (locomotion and assessment), well-being (subjective and psychological), and exercise behavior (frequency and intensity) in relation to high school pupils' academic achievement. PeerJ 2015; 3:e847. [PMID: 25861553 PMCID: PMC4389278 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: assessment and locomotion. Moreover, both subjective and psychological well-being along exercise behaviour might also play a role on adolescents academic achievement. Method. Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire to measure self-regulation strategies (i.e., locomotion and assessment). Well-being was measured using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version, the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Exercise behaviour was self-reported using questions pertaining to frequency and intensity of exercise compliance. Academic achievement was operationalized through the pupils’ mean value of final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. Both correlation and regressions analyses were conducted. Results. Academic achievement was positively related to assessment, well-being, and frequent/intensive exercise behaviour. Assessment was, however, negatively related to well-being. Locomotion on the other hand was positively associated to well-being and also to exercise behaviour. Conclusions. The results suggest a dual (in)direct model to increase pupils’ academic achievement and well-being—assessment being directly related to higher academic achievement, while locomotion is related to frequently exercising and well-being, which in turn, increase academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Alexander Jimmefors
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Lillemor Adrianson
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; The Academy of Library, Information, Pedagogy and Information Technology, University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
| | | | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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24
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Vescovelli F, Albieri E, Ruini C. Self-rated and observer-rated measures of well-being and distress in adolescence: an exploratory study. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:490. [PMID: 25221741 PMCID: PMC4161734 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of eudaimonic well-being in adolescence is hampered by the lack of specific assessment tools. Moreover, with younger populations, the assessment of positive functioning may be biased by self-report data only, and may be more accurate by adding significant adults' evaluations. The objective of this research was to measure adolescents' well-being and prosocial behaviours using self-rated and observer-rated instruments, and their pattern of associations. The sample included 150 Italian high school adolescents. Observed-evaluation was performed by their school teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adolescents completed Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scales and Symptom Questionnaire. Pearson' r correlations and Linear regression were performed. Self-rated dimensions of psychological well-being significantly correlated with all observer-rated dimensions, but Strengths and Difficulties Emotional symptom scale. Multiple linear regression showed that the self-rated dimensions Environmental Mastery and Personal Growth, and surprisingly not Positive Relations, are related to the observer-rated dimension Prosocial Behaviour. Adolescents with higher levels of well-being in specific dimensions tend to be perceived as less problematic by their teachers. However, some dimensions of positive functioning present discrepancies between self and observer-rated instruments. Thus, the conjunct use of self-reports and observer-rated tools for a more comprehensive assessment of students' eudaimonic well-being is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vescovelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Elisa Albieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Bologna, 40127 Italy
| | - Chiara Ruini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Bologna, 40127 Italy
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25
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Moradi S, Nima AA, Rapp Ricciardi M, Archer T, Garcia D. Exercise, character strengths, well-being, and learning climate in the prediction of performance over a 6-month period at a call center. Front Psychol 2014; 5:497. [PMID: 25002853 PMCID: PMC4066948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Performance monitoring might have an adverse influence on call center agents' well-being. We investigate how performance, over a 6-month period, is related to agents' perceptions of their learning climate, character strengths, well-being (subjective and psychological), and physical activity. Method: Agents (N = 135) self-reported perception of the learning climate (Learning Climate Questionnaire), character strengths (Values In Action Inventory Short Version), well-being (Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scales Short Version), and how often/intensively they engaged in physical activity. Performance, “time on the phone,” was monitored for 6 consecutive months by the same system handling the calls. Results: Performance was positively related to having opportunities to develop, the character strengths clusters of Wisdom and Knowledge (e.g., curiosity for learning, perspective) and Temperance (e.g., having self-control, being prudent, humble, and modest), and exercise frequency. Performance was negatively related to the sense of autonomy and responsibility, contentedness, the character strengths clusters of Humanity and Love (e.g., helping others, cooperation) and Justice (e.g., affiliation, fairness, leadership), positive affect, life satisfaction and exercise Intensity. Conclusion: Call centers may need to create opportunities to develop to increase agents' performance and focus on individual differences in the recruitment and selection of agents to prevent future shortcomings or worker dissatisfaction. Nevertheless, performance measurement in call centers may need to include other aspects that are more attuned with different character strengths. After all, allowing individuals to put their strengths at work should empower the individual and at the end the organization itself. Finally, physical activity enhancement programs might offer considerable positive work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Moradi
- Department of Management, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali A Nima
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Rapp Ricciardi
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being Gothenburg, Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Sailer U, Rosenberg P, Nima AA, Gamble A, Gärling T, Archer T, Garcia D. A happier and less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present and a more structured future: time perspective and well-being. PeerJ 2014; 2:e303. [PMID: 24688878 PMCID: PMC3961480 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Previous studies have established a link between how people relate to their past, present, and future (i.e., time perspective) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Time perspective comprises five dimensions: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future. Life satisfaction can also be evaluated in relation to different time frames. Moreover, approach related positive affect is associated to a different concept of well-being labeled psychological well-being. In the present study we extend previous findings by investigating the effect of time perspective on the time frame of evaluations of life satisfaction (past, present, future) and by investigating the relationship between time perspective and psychological well-being. Method. Questionnaires on time perspective (Zimbardo's Time Perspective Inventory), temporal life satisfaction (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version) were answered by 453 individuals. Two different structural equation models were tested, one of the relationship between time perspective and temporal life satisfaction, and the other of the relationship between time perspective, affect and psychological well-being. Results. Time perspective affected life satisfaction depending on the time scale on which it was evaluated-memory of a negative past influenced life satisfaction in all time frames, and a positive view of the past influenced both past and future life satisfaction. Moreover, less rumination about past negative events (i.e., low score on Past Negative), the tendency to take risks in the present to achieve happy feelings and/or avoid boredom (i.e., high scores on Present Hedonistic), and a less hopeless and pessimistic view about the present (low scores on Present Fatalistic) were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect. These same time perspective dimensions were associated with lower levels of negative affect. The Future time perspective dimension (i.e., approaching life with self-control, punctuality, and planning for the future) was associated with both psychological well-being and positive affect. Conclusions. High levels of both subjective and psychological well-being are related to a happier and a less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present, as well as to a more structured future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Sailer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | | | - Ali Al Nima
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Amelie Gamble
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tommy Gärling
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden ; Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
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Garcia D, Al Nima A, Kjell ONE. The affective profiles, psychological well-being, and harmony: environmental mastery and self-acceptance predict the sense of a harmonious life. PeerJ 2014; 2:e259. [PMID: 24688843 PMCID: PMC3933359 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. An important outcome from the debate on whether wellness equals happiness, is the need of research focusing on how psychological well-being might influence humans’ ability to adapt to the changing environment and live in harmony. To get a detailed picture of the influence of positive and negative affect, the current study employed the affective profiles model in which individuals are categorised into groups based on either high positive and low negative affect (self-fulfilling); high positive and high negative affect (high affective); low positive and low negative affect (low affective); and high negative and low positive affect (self-destructive). The aims were to (1) investigate differences between affective profiles in psychological well-being and harmony and (2) how psychological well-being and its dimensions relate to harmony within the four affective profiles. Method. 500 participants (mean age = 34.14 years, SD. = ±12.75 years; 187 males and 313 females) were recruited online and required to answer three self-report measures: The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; The Scales of Psychological Well-Being (short version) and The Harmony in Life Scale. We conducted a Multivariate Analysis of Variance where the affective profiles and gender were the independent factors and psychological well-being composite score, its six dimensions as well as the harmony in life score were the dependent factors. In addition, we conducted four multi-group (i.e., the four affective profiles) moderation analyses with the psychological well-being dimensions as predictors and harmony in life as the dependent variables. Results. Individuals categorised as self-fulfilling, as compared to the other profiles, tended to score higher on the psychological well-being dimensions: positive relations, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy, personal growth, and purpose in life. In addition, 47% to 66% of the variance of the harmony in life was explained by the dimensions of psychological well-being within the four affective profiles. Specifically, harmony in life was significantly predicted by environmental mastery and self-acceptance across all affective profiles. However, for the low affective group high purpose in life predicted low levels of harmony in life. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that affective profiles systematically relate to psychological well-being and harmony in life. Notably, individuals categorised as self-fulfilling tended to report higher levels of both psychological well-being and harmony in life when compared with the other profiles. Meanwhile individuals in the self-destructive group reported the lowest levels of psychological well-being and harmony when compared with the three other profiles. It is proposed that self-acceptance and environmental acceptance might enable individuals to go from self-destructive to a self-fulfilling state that also involves harmony in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ali Al Nima
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Oscar N E Kjell
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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