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Machackova H, Jaron Bedrosova M, Muzik M, Zlamal R, Fikrlova J, Literova A, Dufkova E, Smahel D, Boomgaarden H, Song H, Tolochko P, d'Haenens L, Joris W, Kalmus V, Tikerperi ML, Opermann S, Napp M, Soidla I, Uibos A, Soo K, Salmela-Aro K, Järvinen J, Mannerström R, Suvila E, Waechter N, Brando C, Kadera S, Mascheroni G, Cino D, Lombi L, van Deursen A, van Laar E, Pyżalski J, Walter N, Iwanicka A, Ponte C, Batista S, Baptista R, Schneider L, Helsper EJ. Digital skills among youth: A dataset from a three-wave longitudinal survey in six European countries. Data Brief 2024; 54:110396. [PMID: 38690314 PMCID: PMC11058708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This dataset provides longitudinal survey data from a European project, ySKILLS, which was focused on the role of digital skills in youths' development. It contains data from 10,821 participants from Grades 6-10 (in Wave 1) in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Portugal. The data was collected between Spring 2021 and Spring 2023, the participants were recruited through schools, where the data collection also took place, except for online data collections due to restrictions caused by COVID-19. The dataset is novel in its multidimensional approach to the construct of digital literacy. It provides insight into the development of digital skills in youth and the role of digital skills and internet usage in youths' positive and negative online experiences and wellbeing. It also contains data that allows for the analysis of the role of digital skills in class networks. The data are beneficial for researchers interested in the examination of youths' online skills, internet usage, online experiences, and wellbeing from a longitudinal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Machackova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Marie Jaron Bedrosova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Michal Muzik
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Rostislav Zlamal
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Jana Fikrlova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Anna Literova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Eliska Dufkova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - David Smahel
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, Brno 602 00, Czechia
| | - Hajo Boomgaarden
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hyunjin Song
- Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Petro Tolochko
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leen d'Haenens
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Joris
- ECHO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 9, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Veronika Kalmus
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari-Liis Tikerperi
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Opermann
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marit Napp
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Soidla
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andre Uibos
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Soo
- Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jussi Järvinen
- University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erkki Suvila
- University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Natalia Waechter
- Ludwig-Maximilan University Munich, Department of Educational Science, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christin Brando
- Ludwig-Maximilan University Munich, Department of Educational Science, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Stepanka Kadera
- Ludwig-Maximilan University Munich, Department of Educational Science, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Mascheroni
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Cino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Lombi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ester van Laar
- University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Pyżalski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Educational Studies, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Walter
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Educational Studies, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Iwanicka
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Educational Studies, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Batista
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Baptista
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-061 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luc Schneider
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Johanna Helsper
- Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science, Fawcett House, 6th Floor, Clements Inn, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
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Huang H, Tang X, Salmela-Aro K. Facilitating Youth's Curiosity in Learning: Needs-based Ecological Examinations. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:595-608. [PMID: 38183533 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The decline of curiosity during adolescence has received increasing concerns in education. The present study aimed to identify the key factors in the environment that promote young people's curiosity from a needs-based ecological perspective, focusing on family and school. To enable a better understanding of the developmental effects, this study compared two age groups: 10-year-olds and 15-year-olds. A total of 5482 Finnish students (3034 aged 10 and 2448 aged 15; 48% female and 51% male) from the OECD Survey on Social-emotional Skills participated in the study, and their family and school factors related to basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) were assessed through surveys. Hierarchical Linear Modeling results revealed that: (1) contrary to the expectations, factors that support competence and relatedness facilitated youth curiosity to a greater extent than factors that support autonomy; (2) positive relationships with teachers were more beneficial for curiosity among older youth than younger youth; whereas, a sense of belonging at school was the most important factor for younger youth's curiosity. These findings have significant implications for promoting curiosity in general as well as during different age periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Huang
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xin Tang
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Kiuru N, Salmela-Aro K, Laursen B, Vasalampi K, Beattie M, Tunkkari M, Junttila N. Profiles of Loneliness and Ostracism During Adolescence: Consequences, Antecedents, and Protective Factors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01664-8. [PMID: 38337110 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study (N = 1078, 46% boys; 54% girls) examined profiles of loneliness and ostracism during adolescence and their consequences and antecedents. Longitudinal latent profiles analyses identified four distinct profiles: (1) High emotional loneliness (25%), High and increasing social loneliness (15%), High peer exclusion and high social impact (9%) and No peer problems (51%). Subsequent internalizing problems were typical for the High and increasing social loneliness profile and externalizing problems for the High emotional loneliness and High peer exclusion and high social impact profiles. Furthermore, effortful control, prosocial skills, and relationship quality with parents and teachers were highest in the No peer problems profile, whereas the High and increasing social loneliness profile had the lowest self-esteem and was characterized by low surgency/extraversion, high affiliativeness, and high negative affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | | | | | - Kati Vasalampi
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Mari Tunkkari
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Mäkelä T, Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Rouhe H. How do different childbirth experience scales predict childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms and disorder? J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 44:2210750. [PMID: 37186516 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2023.2210750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth causes severe and lasting effects. Screening of childbirth experience may expedite early PTSD recognition. Systematic reviews have not provided consensus on how and when to measure childbirth experience and the clinical implications of such measurements. We aimed to identify a reliable and simple scale for screening the childbirth experience with minimum risk of missing PTSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study evaluated the childbirth experience of 1527 unselected women with Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ-B), Delivery Satisfaction Scale (DSS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS was measured first <1 week (VAS1) and then, together with the other scales, a few months after childbirth (VAS2). The scales' ability to identify PTSD (measured with Traumatic Event Scale) was evaluated and compared with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness were used to suggest cutoff values for scales. RESULTS W-DEQ-B showed highest recognition of partial or full PTSD (area under the ROC curve 0.96 in W-DEQ-B, 0.92 in VAS2, 0.91 in DSS and 0.82 in VAS1). CONCLUSIONS All included scales recognized partial or full PTSD well. Although W-DEQ-B performed best, VAS (measured twice) with cutoff value of 50 mm is most suitable for screening in clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Mäkelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Saisto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Rouhe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mäkelä T, Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Miettinen J, Sintonen H, Rouhe H. Prenatal wellbeing of mothers, their partners, and couples: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:468. [PMID: 37349712 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), fear of childbirth (FOC), and depressive symptoms have been related to various negative effects during pregnancy, childbirth, and in the postnatal period. This study evaluates the prevalence of PTSS, FOC, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among pregnant women, their partners, and as couples. METHODS In a cohort of 3853 volunteered, unselected women at the mean of 17th weeks of pregnancy with 3020 partners, PTSS was evaluated by Impact of Event Scale (IES), FOC by Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A), depressive symptoms by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and HRQoL by 15D instrument. RESULTS PTSS (IES score ≥ 33) was identified among 20.2% of the women, 13.4% of the partners, and 3.4% of the couples. Altogether, 5.9% of the women, but only 0.3% of the partners, and 0.04% of the couples experienced symptoms suggestive of phobic FOC (W-DEQ A ≥ 100). Respectively, 7.6% of the women, 1.8% of the partners, and 0.4% of the couples reported depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13). Nulliparous women and partners without previous children experienced FOC more often than those with previous children, but there was no difference in PTSS, depressive symptoms, or HRQoL. Women's mean 15D score was lower than partners' and that of age- and gender-standardized general population, while partners' mean 15D score was higher than that of age- and gender-standardized general population. Women whose partners reported PTSS, phobic FOC, or depressive symptoms, often had the same symptoms (22.3%, 14.3%, and 20.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS PTSS were common in both women and partners, as well as in couples. FOC and depressive symptoms were common in women but uncommon in partners, thus they rarely occurred simultaneously in couples. However, special attention should be paid to a pregnant woman whose partner experiences any of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Mäkelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, PO BOX 140, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland.
- University of Helsinki, PO BOX 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
| | - Terhi Saisto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, PO BOX 140, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- University of Helsinki, PO BOX 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jenny Miettinen
- University of Helsinki, PO BOX 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Espoo Health Care Center, City of Espoo, PO BOX 1, Espoo, 02070, Finland
| | - Harri Sintonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 20, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Hanna Rouhe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, PO BOX 140, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- University of Helsinki, PO BOX 4, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Allemand L, Niemelä M, Merikukka M, Salmela-Aro K. The "Let's Talk about Children" intervention in a Finnish school context: fidelity, parents' experiences, and perceived benefits. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183704. [PMID: 37359866 PMCID: PMC10288137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Let's Talk about Children intervention is a tool for parents and professionals to work together to promote children's positive development, resilience, and psychosocial well-being in social and healthcare services, at school, and in day care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fidelity, parents' experiences, and perceived benefits of using the Let's Talk about Children intervention in a school context. Participants (N = 65 first-grader parents) completed an online questionnaire after the intervention. The results show that the intervention was delivered as designed and conducted with high fidelity. Parents' experiences of the Let's Talk about Children discussions were positive, parents felt that the atmosphere was good during the discussion, and the participants reported benefits from the intervention. Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05038280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Allemand
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Merikukka
- Itla Children’s Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Service Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Pajulahti R, Ray C, Korkalo L, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Nissinen K, Roos E, Sajaniemi N, Salmela-Aro K, Erkkola M. Child temperament is associated with energy intake and its day-to-day variability among preschoolers-Results from a cross-sectional DAGIS study. Pediatr Obes 2023:e13041. [PMID: 37143391 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has linked children's temperament with weight outcomes, the associations between temperament and dietary outcomes, particularly energy intake, remain understudied. Furthermore, little is known about how temperament is associated with diet in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) context, which is an important environment for many children. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether temperament is associated with mean energy intake and its day-to-day variability. In addition, the associations were examined separately in the contexts of home and ECEC. METHODS The study used data from 505 Finnish children from a cross-sectional DAGIS study conducted in 2015-2016. Parents reported their child's temperament with a questionnaire and food consumption with a food record for two weekdays (outside daycare hours) and one weekend day. Early educators at an ECEC centre reported the child's food consumption during the daycare hours on the same weekdays as the parents kept food records at home. Associations were examined with linear regression models. RESULTS Children with higher surgency had a higher mean daily energy intake. When examined separately at home and in the ECEC centre, the association was found only in the ECEC centre. Children with higher negative affectivity had greater day-to-day variability in energy intake. This association, however, was not observed when examined separately at home and at the ECEC centre. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that temperament may shape children's energy intake. Moreover, the role of the ECEC context in children's eating may be different depending on a child's temperamental dispositions, which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vilhunen E, Chiu MH, Salmela-Aro K, Lavonen J, Juuti K. Epistemic Emotions and Observations Are Intertwined in Scientific Sensemaking: A Study among Upper Secondary Physics Students. Int J Sci Math Educ 2023; 21:1545-1566. [PMID: 36090464 PMCID: PMC9442553 DOI: 10.1007/s10763-022-10310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between emotions and development of scientific understanding by examining (1) how students perform in scientific sensemaking in the context of a three-cycle predict-observe-explain (POE) activity, (2) what kind of trajectories of situational epistemic emotions students show when making sense of the phenomenon, and (3) how students' performance in sensemaking is related to their emotional trajectories. Data from 109 participant students were collected in six upper secondary physics classes. Students' performance in sensemaking was evaluated based on their answers on POE items and categorised through qualitative content analysis. Situational epistemic emotions (surprise, curiosity, confusion, and boredom) were measured using a four-point Likert scale after each POE cycle. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify groups of students with distinctive emotional trajectories. The relationship between the performance in POE activity and emotional trajectories was explored by a chi-square test. The results indicate that students' inability to make relevant observations is significantly related to experienced boredom. Furthermore, students who perform better in making sense of the phenomenon are more likely to experience surprise, curiosity, and confusion. This implies that engaging students to be curious when they observe and test predictions is an important mission for curriculum designers and teachers in practice. The findings underline the importance of epistemic emotions in educational settings and the complexity of the interplay between cognitive and affective factors in learning situations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10763-022-10310-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vilhunen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 5A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mei-Hung Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 5A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lavonen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 5A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Juuti
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 5A), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Vinni-Laakso J, Upadyaya K, Salmela-Aro K. Associations between adolescent students' multiple domain task value-cost profiles and STEM aspirations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:951309. [PMID: 36619107 PMCID: PMC9815538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the modern expectancy-value theory, students' task values may differ across domains, manifesting as varying motivational patterns. In middle school, students' motivation becomes increasingly apparent and may direct their future occupational aspirations. Using a person-oriented approach, this study examines students' self-concept, and positive and negative task values (i.e., utility value, intrinsic value, and emotional cost) across Finnish language, math, biology, and physics, and the stability of the identified profiles. Further, the associations of the profiles with students' subsequent academic achievement and math and natural science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)/health science STEM aspirations, and gendered effects were examined. Longitudinal data was collected through Grades 7 to 9 in 21 middle schools in Helsinki, Finland (N = 1,309, N = 1,179, N = 818, respectively; age 13-15 years; 55.9% female). Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four task value profiles in Grades 7 and 8: Low motivation high cost STEM (13%/13%) showed low task values with high cost, especially in math and physics; High motivation low cost STEM (7%/8%) showed the highest task values with the lowest cost, especially in math and physics; High motivation high cost (18%/17%) showed high task values and cost across domains; and Moderate motivation and cost (62%/62%) showed moderate task values and cost across domains. The latent transition analysis identified Moderate motivation and cost as the most stable profile across 2 years. In comparison to the other profiles, students with a Low motivation high cost STEM profile were less likely to have STEM aspirations in Grade 9. These results suggests that majority of middle school students are highly to moderately motivated in various domains, however, some students simultaneously experience high cost. It may reflect the increasingly difficult courses and study demands in middle school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janica Vinni-Laakso
- Minds Hub Research Group, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Pajulahti R, Ray C, Salmela-Aro K, Korkalo L, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Nissinen K, Roos E, Erkkola M. Preschool children’s temperament and its associations with energy intake. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
Child's temperament dimensions have been linked with different weight outcomes as well as dietary factors such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, sugar-rich foods and drinks and an overall dietary quality. Links between temperament dimensions and energy intake, however, remain under-examined. This study expands the literature by investigating associations between child's temperament dimensions and energy intake.
Methods
Altogether 505 Finnish children aged 3-6 years provided data for the analyses. The data is a part of the DAGIS (Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools) study conducted in 2015-2016. Child's energy intake was measured with 3-day food records. To be included, children had to 1) have food record for two preschool days and one weekend day and 2) to have consumed both lunch and an afternoon snack in the preschool on the two preschool days. The very short form of Children's Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure child's temperament dimensions. Concurrent associations between three temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control) and energy intake were examined using linear regression models adjusted for child's age, sex, mother's highest education, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Results
Surgency, temperament dimension referring to characteristics such as impulsivity, high activity level and high approach, was positively associated with energy intake. Effortful control or negative affectivity were not associated with energy intake.
Conclusions
The findings imply that temperamental surgency may be one relevant determinant of energy intake among preschool children. The result is in line with previous studies linking child's surgency as well as its specific facets, such as impulsivity, with weight outcomes and food approach behaviors. Considering child's individual temperament dimensions when counselling families in eating issues could be beneficial.
Key messages
• Surgency, a temperament dimension referring to characteristics such as impulsivity, high activity level and high approach, was positively associated with energy intake.
• When promoting children’s balanced eating, tailored support for parents acknowledging child’s temperament could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Ray
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nissinen
- Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences , Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Park J, van den Broek KL, Bhullar N, Ogunbode CA, Schermer JA, Doran R, Ardi R, Hanss D, Maran DA, Albzour M, Aquino SD, Ayanian AH, Chegeni R, Chukwuorji JC, Enea V, Ghanbarian E, Ghorayeb J, Jiang F, Kehinde OA, Lins S, Lomas MJ, Lu S, Marot T, Mbungu W, Navarro-Carrillo G, Onyutha C, Reyes MES, Salmela-Aro K, Sollar T, Tahir H, Tan CS, Torres-Marín J, Tsubakita T, Volkodav T, Wlodarczyk A, Yadav R. Comparison of the inter-item correlations of the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) between Western and non-Western contexts. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Olive K, Tang X, Loukomies A, Juuti K, Salmela-Aro K. Gendered difference in motivational profiles, achievement, and STEM aspiration of elementary school students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954325. [PMID: 36110270 PMCID: PMC9469012 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the gender gap in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) aspiration, the article examines the critical role of domain-specific motivation (i.e., expectancy and task values). Using longitudinal data from 5th and 6th grade (∼11–12-year-old) students (n = 360, 55% girls), person-oriented analyses was applied to understand the gendered motivational profiles and their longitudinal influence on achievement and STEM aspiration. Specifically, we aimed to (1) derive motivational belief profiles regarding science, mathematics, and language (Finnish), (2) analyze the stability and change in the profiles between the 5th and 6th grade, (3) assess the relationship between motivational profiles and achievement and STEM aspiration, and (4) test for gender differences. We derived four motivational profiles for both years: high motivation in all subjects (∼21%), high mathematics motivation (∼46%), low mathematics motivation (∼11%), and low motivation in all subjects (∼8%). Latent transition analysis revealed that most students remained in the same profile throughout the 2 years. We found evidence of gendered differences in the motivational profiles and the chance of transitioning between profiles. More girls are characterized by low math motivation, while boys are more likely to transition to higher math motivation in 6th grade. The motivational difference is reflected in their achievement, although not strongly coupled with their STEM aspiration. The findings suggest that at this developmental stage, Finnish students have not developed a strong association between (gendered) STEM aspiration and their domain-specific motivation, although their motivation may have influenced their achievement. Interpretation and practical implications are discussed.
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13
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Krieger A, Block J, Stuetzer M, Obschonka M, Salmela-Aro K. Closing the gender gap in entrepreneurship: The importance of skill variety. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270976. [PMID: 35802732 PMCID: PMC9269869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that skill variety is widely regarded a key component of entrepreneurial human capital, gender differences in entrepreneurship could be rooted in the formation of such skill variety. Analyzing 12-year longitudinal data following 1,321 Finnish adolescents into adulthood, we study whether gender differences in skill variety open up early in the vocational development of entrepreneurs vs. non-entrepreneurs, thereby contributing to the persisting gender gap in entrepreneurship in adulthood. Specifically, structural equation modeling was used to test and compare the mediating effect of early skill variety in adolescence vs. education- and work-related skill variety in early adulthood on the gender gap in entrepreneurial intentions in adulthood. We find that education- and work-related skill variety indeed operate as an obstacle for women entrepreneurship, despite women outperforming men in early skill variety in adolescence. Hence, we identify a critical turning point in early adulthood where women fall behind in their development of entrepreneurial human capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krieger
- Department of Industry, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörn Block
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- Witten Institute for Family Business, Trier, Germany
- Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Stuetzer
- Department of Industry, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Media, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Martin Obschonka
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Hascher T, Tuominen H, Salmela-Aro K. How Does Well-Being in School Matter? Zeitschrift für Psychologie 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hascher
- Institute of Educational Science, Department of Research in School and Instruction, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heta Tuominen
- Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Olivier E, Morin AJS, Leo V, Salmela-Aro K. The interconnected development of depressive symptoms and school functioning from mid-adolescence to early adulthood: A piecewise growth mixture analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/edu0000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Guo J, Tang X, Marsh HW, Parker P, Basarkod G, Sahdra B, Ranta M, Salmela-Aro K. The roles of social-emotional skills in students' academic and life success: A multi-informant and multicohort perspective. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 124:1079-1110. [PMID: 35666915 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social-emotional skills have been shown to be beneficial for many important life outcomes for students. However, previous studies on the topic have suffered from many issues (e.g., consideration of only a small subset of skills, single-informant, and single-cohort design). To address these limitations, this study used a multi-informant (self, teacher, and parent) and multicohort (ages 10-15 from Finland, N = 5,533) perspective to study the association between 15 social-emotional skills and 20 educational (e.g., school grades), social (e.g., relationships with teachers), psychological health (e.g., life satisfaction), and physical health outcomes (e.g., sleep trouble). Results showed that (a) there was a modest level of interrater agreement on social-emotional skills, with the highest agreement between students and parents (mean r = .41); (b) inclusion of multi-informant ratings substantially enhanced the ability of social-emotional skills in predicting outcome variables, with parent- and self-rated skills playing important, unique roles; (c) by modeling skills at the facet level rather than at the domain level, we identified the key skills for different outcomes and found significant variation in facets' predictive utility even within the same domain; and (d) although the older cohort showed lower levels of most social-emotional skills (9/15), there were only minor changes in the interrater agreement and predictive utility on outcomes. Overall, self-control, trust, optimism, and energy were found among the four most important skills for academic and life success. We further identified the unique contribution of each skill for specific outcomes, pointing the way to effective and precise interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Guo
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education
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17
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Wikman P, Moisala M, Ylinen A, Lindblom J, Leikas S, Salmela-Aro K, Lonka K, Güroğlu B, Alho K. Brain Responses to Peer Feedback in Social Media Are Modulated by Valence in Late Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:790478. [PMID: 35706832 PMCID: PMC9190756 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.790478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of receiving negative feedback from peers during virtual social interaction in young people. However, there is a lack of studies applying platforms adolescents use in daily life. In the present study, 92 late-adolescent participants performed a task that involved receiving positive and negative feedback to their opinions from peers in a Facebook-like platform, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Peer feedback was shown to activate clusters in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (STG/STS), and occipital cortex (OC). Negative feedback was related to greater activity in the VLPFC, MPFC, and anterior insula than positive feedback, replicating previous findings on peer feedback and social rejection. Real-life habits of social media use did not correlate with brain responses to negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Artturi Ylinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sointu Leikas
- Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Institute of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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18
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Lammassaari H, Hietajärvi L, Salmela-Aro K, Hakkarainen K, Lonka K. Exploring the Relations Among Teachers' Epistemic Theories, Work Engagement, Burnout and the Contemporary Challenges of the Teacher Profession. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861437. [PMID: 35548531 PMCID: PMC9081881 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current educational reforms concerning curricula and digitalization challenge educators to meet new demands for learning and schooling. What is common for current educational reforms is that they tend to emphasize competencies that are not related to the traditional subject-matters and reflect a stance which presents learning as a naturally reflective and collaborative act. It is often assumed that teachers are automatically ready to implement ideas of this kind in practice. In this study, we propose that teachers' theories about knowledge, knowing and learning, particularly their epistemic theories, may be related to how teachers approach these reforms which challenge their previous ways of working and how they perceive their wellbeing at work. To examine these matters, we explored the dynamic interrelations between teachers' epistemic theories, conformity with the novel curricular and digital reforms (ideas behind the new curriculum and digitalization program), perceptions of the school leadership, work engagement and burnout. Participants (Study 1 n = 228; Study 2 n = 200) were Finnish class teachers and subject-matter teachers. Both data sets were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, we plotted correlation network figures. Results showed that if teachers' epistemic theory was in harmony with the curricular or digital reforms, there is a positive association with work engagement and negative association with burnout. In sum, results of this provided a hint of the phenomenon suggesting that teachers' epistemic theories may be a factor which buffers teachers to meet the current epistemic and developmental challenges of teachers' profession, and furthermore, serve as grounds for a positive association for teachers to feel adequate and satisfied in their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lammassaari
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kai Hakkarainen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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19
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Alho K, Moisala M, Salmela-Aro K. Effects of Media Multitasking and Video Gaming on Cognitive Functions and Their Neural Bases in Adolescents and Young Adults. European Psychologist 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The increasing use of digital technology among adolescents and young adults has led to concerns about possible detrimental effects on cognitive and brain functions. Indeed, as reviewed here, according to behavioral and brain-imaging studies, excessive media multitasking (i.e., using different digital media in parallel) may lead to enhanced distractibility and problems in maintaining attention. However, frequent video gaming may be beneficial for the development of working memory, task switching, and attention skills. All these cognitive skills depend on executive cognitive functions. Still scant but gradually cumulating brain-imaging results suggest that the negative effects of frequent media multitasking and the positive effects of frequent video gaming on cognitive skills in adolescents and young adults are mediated by effects on the frontal lobes, implicated in executive cognitive functions and still developing even through early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Salmela-Aro K, Upadyaya K, Ronkainen I, Hietajärvi L. Study Burnout and Engagement During COVID-19 Among University Students: The Role of Demands, Resources, and Psychological Needs. J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:2685-2702. [PMID: 35399578 PMCID: PMC8974799 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced most universities to switch from in-person to remote teaching from May 2020 to May 2021. This period covered three semesters of studies, and due to these changes students experienced fundamental changes in their learning. The present research was carried out 3 times during the pandemic (e.g., May 2020, December 2020, and April 2021) to investigate study engagement and burnout, and their associations with various demands, resources, and psychological needs among university students. Self-reports were collected from 1501, 1526, and 1685 university students in Helsinki. The results showed that study burnout increased across the time points, being the highest in April 2021, whereas study engagement was the lowest in December 2020. Further, at the beginning of the pandemic the explanatory power of study-related demands and resources on study burnout and engagement was stronger, whereas in April 2021 the role of psychological needs increased. These results inform strategies to promote students' engagement through distance-learning, mitigating negative effects of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inka Ronkainen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Abstract
Abstract. Since the turn of the millennium, the digital revolution has opened a new layer of opportunities for adolescents to participate, create and learn. Simultaneously there has been growth in both debate and worries regarding how the intensive engagement with digital media affects students’ academic performance, engagement, and school-related well-being, that is, academic functioning. Students’ continuously evolving digital practices are not always in congruence with the more traditional ways of schoolwork. Students flourish and fulfill their potential when the informal and formal practices of learning reach congruence, but when this is not the case, frictions can emerge. Spending time with digital media can provide new avenues for learning and development, but it can equally well divert young people from their studies or increase the daily demands. In this narrative review, we address these continuities and discontinuities between engagement with digital media and academic functioning for school-aged children and young people, focusing on meta-analyses, reviews, and key studies. Following the examination of the current literature, we conclude that, in general, the field of “digital media effects” needs to move beyond screen time and utilize the research on the students’ multidimensional socio-digital engagement already conducted. Second, we conclude that the average effects of digital engagement on academic functioning are negligibly small but heterogeneous, further corroborating the claim to examine the qualitative differences in students’ digital engagement, the individual differences between students, as well as the contextual interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Maksniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Salmela-Aro K, Motti-Stefanidi F. Digital Revolution and Youth. European Psychologist 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Jovanović V, Rudnev M, Arslan G, Buzea C, Dimitrova R, Góngora V, Guse T, Ho RTH, Iqbal N, Jámbori S, Jhang FH, Kaniušonytė G, Li J, Lim YJ, Lodi E, Mannerström R, Marcionetti J, Neto F, Osin E, Park J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Piotrowski J, Proctor C, Rahmandani A, Salmela-Aro K, Ortuño-Sierra J, Stefenel D, Sugimura K, Tan SA, Wang S, Yip PSF, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Žukauskienė R. The Satisfaction with Life Scale in Adolescent Samples: Measurement Invariance across 24 Countries and Regions, Age, and Gender. Appl Res Qual Life 2022; 17:2139-2161. [PMID: 35096193 PMCID: PMC8784202 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-021-10024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measurement of adolescent life satisfaction across cultures has not received much attention in previous empirical research. The present study evaluated measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) among adolescents in 24 countries and regions (N = 22,710; age range = 13-19 years; 53% female). A single-factor model with residual covariance between a pair of items tapping past life satisfaction fitted well in 19 countries and regions and showed a partial metric invariance. In a subset of nine countries and regions, partial scalar invariance was supported. Partial metric invariance across all 24 countries and regions was achieved when custom model modifications in five countries and regions were included. Three SWLS items showed evidence of noninvariance across cultures. The measurement model was found to operate similarly across gender and age. Our findings suggest that caution is needed when using the SWLS for measuring life satisfaction among adolescents from different cultures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11482-021-10024-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Carmen Buzea
- Department of Social Sciences and Communication, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
| | | | - Vanesa Góngora
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tharina Guse
- Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rainbow T. H. Ho
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre On Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Szilvia Jámbori
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fang-Hua Jhang
- Department of Law and Social Work, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Goda Kaniušonytė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Young-Jin Lim
- Department of Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ernesto Lodi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Jenny Marcionetti
- Department of Education and Learning, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Felix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evgeny Osin
- International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory LINP-2, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Joonha Park
- Department of Management, NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Jarosław Piotrowski
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmel Proctor
- Positive Psychology Research Centre, St Saviour, Guernsey
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Soon Aun Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul S. F. Yip
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Rita Žukauskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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24
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Upadyaya K, Toyama H, Salmela-Aro K. School Principals' Stress Profiles During COVID-19, Demands, and Resources. Front Psychol 2022; 12:731929. [PMID: 34975620 PMCID: PMC8716552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined latent profiles of school principals’ stress concerning students’, teachers’, parents’, and principals’ own ability to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the role of job demands (workload, remote work stress, difficulty to detach from work, COVID-19 crisis, COVID-19 infections at school, impact of COVID-19 on future teaching), resources (buoyancy, effective crisis leadership, social appreciation, successful transition to remote teaching), and occupational well-being (measured as job burnout and engagement) in predicting the latent profiles of stress sources was examined. The participants were 535 (59% women) school principals across Finland, who answered to a questionnaire concerning their sources of stress and occupational well-being during spring 2020. Three latent profiles were identified according to principals’ level of stress: high stress (41.4% of the school principals), altered stress (35.9%), and low stress (22.7%) profiles. Work burnout, workload, COVID-19 related concerns, and difficulty to detach from work increased the probability of principals belonging to the high or altered stress profile rather than to the low stress profile. Work engagement, buoyancy, and social appreciation increased the probability of principals belonging to the low rather than to the high or altered stress profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroyuki Toyama
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Hoferichter F, Raufelder D, Schweder S, Salmela-Aro K. Validation and Reliability of the German Version of the School Burnout Inventory. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This study investigates the validity and reliability of the German version of the School Burnout Inventory (SBI-G) in 1,570 secondary-school students ( Mage = 14.11, SD = 0.78; 51.7 % girls). Results indicate that school burnout consists of two correlated but separate dimensions including (1) exhaustion at school, (2) cynicism toward the meaning of school and sense of inadequacy. The study revealed that school burnout can be measured as a two-factor model, which provided good reliability and validity indices. Further, we verified concurrent validity, finding that students suffering from general stress also reported overall school burnout as well as exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy. Students who exhibited cynicism and inadequacy also reported lower levels of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement, while exhausted students reported lower emotional school engagement but higher cognitive school engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Hoferichter
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Raufelder
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweder
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the changes of school burnout for Finnish adolescents in lower (grades 8-9) and upper secondary schools (grades 10-11) during years 2006-2019; and to examine the associations of personal-(gender, family socioeconomic, and immigrant status) and school-related (school level, urban-rural area) sociodemographic demands and resources in school burnout. METHODS We used nationally representative data on 949,347 students in secondary school in Finland between 2006 and 2019. Generalized Linear Models were used to assess the effects of year, gender, school level, parental education, unemployment, immigrant status, and urban-rural area and the interactions of year, gender, and school level with each of the remaining sociodemographic variables on school burnout. RESULTS School burnout increased among girls and slightly declined among boys. The increase intensified in girls and the decline in boys stagnated after 2011. The educational level of the parents had a constant protective impact over time, the gradient for boys slightly larger compared to girls. Urban areas contributed to the trend of increasing school burnout among girls but not among boys. Parental unemployment and immigration background were associated with the increasing trend of school burnout over time, although somewhat mitigated by parental education. CONCLUSION The results showed the trends in school burnout are often gendered and appeared to worsen aligned with the school budget cuts after 2011. In addition to considering school burnout related to lower parental education and urbanization, it is important to support those students in families experiencing unemployment and/or immigration, especially when concurring with lower parental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Read
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Upadyaya K, Salmela-Aro K. Latent Profiles of Parental Burnout During COVID-19: The Role of Child-Related Perceptions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682642. [PMID: 34650470 PMCID: PMC8507843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined latent profiles of parental burnout dimensions (e.g., exhaustion in parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up, and emotional distancing, measured with a shortened version of the parental burnout assessment scale) among Finnish parents of sixth and eighth grade children. In addition, the role of children’s strengths and difficulties (e.g., prosocial skills, hyperactivity, somatic problems, conduct problems, and peer problems) and parents’ growth mindset in predicting membership in the latent parental burnout profiles was examined. The participants were 1,314 parents (80% mothers) from the Helsinki Metropolitan area who filled in a questionnaire concerning their parenting burnout and child-related perceptions during the fall 2020. The results were analyzed using latent profile analysis (LPA) and three-step procedure. Three latent profiles of parental burnout were identified as: low parental burnout (85.7% of the parents), high parental burnout (8%), and emotionally distanced (6.3%) profiles. Parents who reported their children having some challenges (e.g., hyperactivity, somatic problems, conduct problems, and peer problems) more often belonged to the high burnout or emotionally distanced profiles rather than to the low parental burnout profile. Parents whose children had high prosocial skills and who employed growth mindset more often belonged to the low parental burnout rather than to the distanced profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pelikan ER, Korlat S, Reiter J, Holzer J, Mayerhofer M, Schober B, Spiel C, Hamzallari O, Uka A, Chen J, Välimäki M, Puharić Z, Anusionwu KE, Okocha AN, Zabrodskaja A, Salmela-Aro K, Käser U, Schultze-Krumbholz A, Wachs S, Friðriksson F, Gunnþórsdóttir H, Höller Y, Aoyama I, Ieshima A, Toda Y, Konjufca J, Llullaku N, Gedutienė R, Borg Axisa G, Avirovic Bundalevska I, Keskinova A, Radulovic M, Lewandowska-Walter A, Michałek-Kwiecień J, Plichta P, Pyżalski J, Walter N, Cautisanu C, Voda AI, Gao S, Islam S, Wistrand K, Wright MF, Lüftenegger M. Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination-a multi-country study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257346. [PMID: 34613978 PMCID: PMC8494346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT's claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R. Pelikan
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Korlat
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Reiter
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Holzer
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Mayerhofer
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Spiel
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oriola Hamzallari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Aleksandër Moisiu University, Durrës, Albania
| | - Ana Uka
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Philology and Education, Bedër University, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Zrinka Puharić
- Study of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Bjelovar, Bjelovar, Croatia
| | | | - Angela Nkem Okocha
- Baltic Film, Media and Arts School, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Udo Käser
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Wachs
- Department of Educational Studies, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Education, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Ikuko Aoyama
- Department of Global Education, Tsuru University, Tsuru, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ieshima
- Career Center, Osaka University, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Toda
- Graduate School of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Jon Konjufca
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Prishtina ’Hasan Prishtina’, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Njomza Llullaku
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Pristina ’Hasan Prishtina’, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Reda Gedutienė
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | | | - Irena Avirovic Bundalevska
- Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Angelka Keskinova
- Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Makedonka Radulovic
- Institute of Family Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Piotr Plichta
- Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Pyżalski
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Walter
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Cristina Cautisanu
- CERNESIM Environmental Research Center, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, România
| | - Ana Iolanda Voda
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Department, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Iași, România
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sirajul Islam
- Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kai Wistrand
- Department of Informatics, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Michelle F. Wright
- Faculty of Social Studies, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marko Lüftenegger
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Teacher Education, Centre for Teacher Education, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Maestrales S, Marias Dezendorf R, Tang X, Salmela-Aro K, Bartz K, Juuti K, Lavonen J, Krajcik J, Schneider B. U.S. and Finnish high school science engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Psychol 2021; 57:73-86. [PMID: 34337758 PMCID: PMC8427054 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When the COVID‐19 pandemic struck, research teams in the United States and Finland were collaborating on a study to improve adolescent academic engagement in chemistry and physics and the impact remote teaching on academic, social, and emotional learning. The ongoing “Crafting Engaging Science Environments” (CESE) intervention afforded a rare data collection opportunity. In the United States, students were surveyed at the beginning of the school year and again in May, providing information for the same 751 students from before and during the pandemic. In Finland, 203 students were surveyed during remote learning. Findings from both countries during this period of remote learning revealed that students' academic engagement was positively correlated with participation in hands‐on, project‐based lessons. In Finland, results showed that situational engagement occurred in only 4.7% of sampled cases. In the United States, students show that academic engagement, primarily the aspect of challenge, was enhanced during remote learning. Engagement was in turn correlated with positive socioemotional constructs related to science learning. The study's findings emphasise the importance of finding ways to ensure equitable opportunities for students to participate in project‐based activities when learning remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maestrales
- College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Xin Tang
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kayla Bartz
- College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kalle Juuti
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lavonen
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Krajcik
- College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Schneider
- College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Wainwright TW, de Matos MG, Salmela-Aro K. Introduction to “Psychology and the Environmental Crisis”. European Psychologist 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wainwright TW, de Matos MG, Salmela-Aro K. Psychology and the Environmental Crisis. European Psychologist 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salmela-Aro K, Tang X, Symonds J, Upadyaya K. Student Engagement in Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Longitudinal Studies 2010-2020. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:256-272. [PMID: 33991151 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We systematically mapped and analyzed the longitudinal research on adolescent student engagement published during 2010-2020. A total of 104 studies of 104,304 adolescents met inclusion criteria. Studies were mainly conducted in North America (43%) or Europe (34%). Over half studied engagement across one or more years. Most studies (93%) focused on antecedents of engagement rather than outcomes of engagement (38%). Data were commonly collected using self-report questionnaires (87%) and analyzed using path, growth, and cross-lagged models. Studies mainly examined engagement in classroom activities, school, or schoolwork; and focused on behavioral engagement (70%), followed by emotional (61%), then cognitive engagement (35%). No studies used a specific theory of engagement development, but instead referred to self-determination, ecological systems, and stage-environment fit theories.
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Abstract
Despite the growing body of research on the transition from school to work, an important aspect of young people’s social realities in this phase has been largely overlooked: their peers. This study investigates to what extent peer networks in late adolescence, and particularly peers’ appraisals of their own career goals, are related to young people’s subjective early transition outcomes in a Finnish sample ( N = 322) between the ages 17 and 20. The results show that having peers who positively appraise their goals as attainable is associated with more positive transition outcomes as young people more often reported having reached a (temporarily) satisfactory transition outcome which they intended to maintain unchanged. Negative peer appraisals showed no associations with transition outcomes. The present study offers an important step toward a comprehensive understanding of the social lives of young people in career transitions and provides new directions for research and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Ruschoff
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Holzer J, Korlat S, Haider C, Mayerhofer M, Pelikan E, Schober B, Spiel C, Toumazi T, Salmela-Aro K, Käser U, Schultze-Krumbholz A, Wachs S, Dabas M, Verma S, Iliev D, Andonovska-Trajkovska D, Plichta P, Pyżalski J, Walter N, Michałek-Kwiecień J, Lewandowska-Walter A, Wright MF, Lüftenegger M. Adolescent well-being and learning in times of COVID-19-A multi-country study of basic psychological need satisfaction, learning behavior, and the mediating roles of positive emotion and intrinsic motivation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251352. [PMID: 33979397 PMCID: PMC8115832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden switch to distance education to contain the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered adolescents' lives around the globe. The present research aims to identify psychological characteristics that relate to adolescents' well-being in terms of positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and key characteristics of their learning behavior in a situation of unplanned, involuntary distance education. Following Self-Determination Theory, experienced competence, autonomy, and relatedness were assumed to relate to active learning behavior (i.e., engagement and persistence), and negatively relate to passive learning behavior (i.e., procrastination), mediated via positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation. Data were collected via online questionnaires in altogether eight countries from Europe, Asia, and North America (N = 25,305) and comparable results across countries were expected. Experienced competence was consistently found to relate to positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and, in turn, active learning behavior in terms of engagement and persistence. The study results further highlight the role of perceived relatedness for positive emotion. The high proportions of explained variance speak in favor of taking these central results into account when designing distance education in times of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holzer
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Korlat
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Haider
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Mayerhofer
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pelikan
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Spiel
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Udo Käser
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Wachs
- Department of Educational Studies, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- National Anti-Bullying Research and Resource Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Suman Verma
- Department of Human Development & Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dean Iliev
- Faculty of Education, St. Kliment Ohridski University, Bitola, North Macedonia
| | | | - Piotr Plichta
- Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Pyżalski
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Walter
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Michelle F. Wright
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Lüftenegger
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Teacher Education, Centre for Teacher Education, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Teuber Z, Tang X, Salmela-Aro K, Wild E. Assessing Engagement in Chinese Upper Secondary School Students Using the Chinese Version of the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory: Energy, Dedication, and Absorption (CEDA). Front Psychol 2021; 12:638189. [PMID: 33679565 PMCID: PMC7930215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The schoolwork engagement inventory: Energy, Dedication, and Absorption (EDA) is a measure of students' engagement in schoolwork and has been demonstrated valid in Western student populations. In this study, we adapted this inventory to and tested its psychometric appropriates in Chinese upper secondary school students (CEDA). Participants were 1,527 general high school students and 850 vocational high school students. The mean age of the total sample was 16.21 years (54.4% females, age span: 15–19 years). The results of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) showed that a modified one-factor model fitted the data best. The results of the multigroup CFA showed that the factor structure was metrically invariant across school tracks (i.e., general or vocational high school) and scalarly invariant across gender and school types (i.e., ordinary or key school). Moreover, schoolwork engagement was negatively related to emotional exhaustion and positively related to self-efficacy, perseverance of effort, teacher–student relationships, and life satisfaction. Overall, the CEDA can be regarded as a valid measure for the assessment of student engagement in the Chinese upper secondary school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Teuber
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xin Tang
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Elke Wild
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Holzer J, Lüftenegger M, Korlat S, Pelikan E, Salmela-Aro K, Spiel C, Schober B. Higher Education in Times of COVID-19: University Students' Basic Need Satisfaction, Self-Regulated Learning, and Well-Being. AERA Open 2021; 7:23328584211003164. [PMID: 34192126 PMCID: PMC7961159 DOI: 10.1177/23328584211003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of COVID-19, university students have experienced fundamental changes of their learning and their lives as a whole. The present research identifies psychological characteristics associated with students' well-being in this situation. We investigated relations of basic psychological need satisfaction (experienced competence, autonomy, and relatedness) with positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, considering self-regulated learning as a moderator. Self-reports were collected from 6,071 students in Austria (Study 1) and 1,653 students in Finland (Study 2). Structural equation modeling revealed competence as the strongest predictor for positive emotion. Intrinsic learning motivation was predicted by competence and autonomy in both countries and by relatedness in Finland. Moderation effects of self-regulated learning were inconsistent, but main effects on intrinsic learning motivation were identified. Surprisingly, relatedness exerted only a minor effect on positive emotion. The results inform strategies to promote students' well-being through distance learning, mitigating the negative effects of the situation.
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Ek E, Ala-Mursula L, Velázquez RG, Tolvanen A, Salmela-Aro K. Employment trajectories until midlife associate with early social role investments and current work-related well-being. Adv Life Course Res 2021; 47:100391. [PMID: 36695148 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Applying social investment theory (SIT), we examined whether employment trajectories until midlife, with differential investments in education and employment, are associated with social investments during early life and with work-related well-being in midlife, with a special reference to potential differences between self-employment and paid work. In the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 6496; 2963 men, 3533 women), life-history calendars from age 16-45 were used to determine the respondents' yearly employment statuses (student, full-time employee, part-time employee, self-employed, unemployed, on parental leave, on sabbatical leave or otherwise not working). Latent class analysis was used to identify the employment trajectories. The associations of these trajectories with indicators of social investments in early life (mother's attitude to financial self-reliance, father's socioeconomic status, own success at school) and work-related well-being at age 46 (job satisfaction, life satisfaction, absence of retirement thoughts, work engagement, work favoring attitude and perceived job control) were studied using regression models and analyses of variance, adjusting for life situation at age 46. We identified five employment trajectories for both genders: 1) traditional full-time, 2) highly educated, 3) self-employed, 4) delayed full-time and 5) floundering employees. In early life, a mother emphasizing self-reliance in earning one's living was associated with both highly educated and self-employed trajectories. A white-collar father and own success at school preceded a highly educated trajectory. A farmer family background preceded self-employed trajectory. At age 46, highly educated and self-employed trajectories were associated with highest well-being at work, while those floundering perceived their work most negatively. Men in the delayed full-time employment trajectory reported better well-being at age 46 than those constantly floundering. Overall, the macroeconomic employment rates were unevenly reflected in the five trajectories. Our findings support SIT by showing that the employment trajectories most favorable for work-related well-being in midlife are long rooted in social investments during early life and characterized by further social investments in employment, such as higher education and self-employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ek
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 B, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland(1).
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 B, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland(1)
| | - Regina García Velázquez
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1-5, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland(2)
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 1-5, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Cicero Learning, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 9, FI-00014, Finland; Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O Box 9, FI-00014, Finland(2)
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Pajulahti R, Salmela-Aro K, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto E, Nissinen K, Skaffari E, Sääksjärvi K, Roos E, Sajaniemi N, Erkkola M, Ray C. Does temperament make children differently susceptible to their home physical food environment? A cross-sectional DAGIS study on 3-6 year old Finnish children's food consumption. Appetite 2021; 161:105140. [PMID: 33524441 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Consistently linked with children's food consumption are food availability and accessibility. However, less is known about potential individual differences among young children in their susceptibility to home food environments. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the association between home food availability and accessibility of sugar-rich foods and drinks (SFD) or fruits and vegetables (FV) and children's consumption of these foods differ according to their temperament. The study used two cross-sectional datasets collected as part of the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) study: 1) a cross-sectional data of 864 children aged 3-6 years old collected between fall 2015 and spring 2016, and 2) an intervention baseline data of 802 children aged 3-6 collected in fall 2017. Parents reported their children's temperament, consumption of FV and SFD, and home availability and accessibility of SFD and FV. Examination of whether associations between home availability and accessibility of FV and their consumption differ according to children's temperament involved using linear regression models. Similar models were used to examine association between home availability and accessibility of SFD and their consumption, and the moderating role of temperament. The association between home accessibility of SFD and their consumption frequency was dependent on the level of children's negative affectivity. More frequent consumption of SFD was observed with higher home accessibility of SFD. The association was stronger in children with higher scores in negative affectivity. No other interactions were found. Children with higher negative affectivity are possibly more vulnerable to food cues in the home environment than children with lower negative affectivity. Consideration of children's individual characteristics is necessary in supporting their healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Reetta Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 412, 60101, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Essi Skaffari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Sääksjärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. BOX 20, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland; Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
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Tóth-Király I, Morin AJS, Hietajärvi L, Salmela-Aro K. Longitudinal Trajectories, Social and Individual Antecedents, and Outcomes of Problematic Internet Use Among Late Adolescents. Child Dev 2021; 92:e653-e673. [PMID: 33511643 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the detrimental effects associated with problematic internet use (PIU) and the need to better understand its nature and evolution, the present study examined the development of PIU in a sample of 1,750 adolescents (aged 16-19) from Finland over a 3-year period. We documented the social (loneliness, perceived maternal and paternal behaviors) and individual (sex) antecedents, as well as the outcome implications (depressive symptoms, substance use, academic achievement) of PIU trajectories. Outcomes also predicted PIU trajectories. Latent curve modeling revealed an initially moderate, and subsequently decreasing trajectory of PIU. PIU was predicted by loneliness, paternal neglect, maternal care, depressive symptoms, and being male. In turn, PIU trajectories predicted increases in depressive symptoms and substance use, but decreases in academic achievement.
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Oppermann E, Vinni-Laakso J, Juuti K, Loukomies A, Salmela-Aro K. Elementary school students' motivational profiles across Finnish language, mathematics and science: Longitudinal trajectories, gender differences and STEM aspirations. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tang X, Upadyaya K, Salmela-Aro K. School burnout and psychosocial problems among adolescents: Grit as a resilience factor. J Adolesc 2021; 86:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tuovinen S, Tang X, Salmela-Aro K. Introversion and Social Engagement: Scale Validation, Their Interaction, and Positive Association With Self-Esteem. Front Psychol 2020; 11:590748. [PMID: 33329251 PMCID: PMC7734327 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning through social interaction has been documented widely; however, how introverted people are socially engaged in learning is largely unknown. The aim of this study was, first, to examine the reliability and validity of the social engagement scale among students at Finnish comprehensive schools. Then, we aimed to examine the interaction effect of introversion and social engagement on self-esteem, schoolwork engagement, and school burnout. Based on a sample of 862 ninth grade students in Finland, we found that a two-factor model best fitted the social engagement scale (i.e., social engagement and social disengagement). Further, we found that introverts with high social engagement have higher self-esteem than introverts with low social engagement. Our results implied that introverts should be given extra support when they encounter group work in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Tuovinen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xin Tang
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Salmela-Aro K, Upadyaya K, Cumsille P, Lavonen J, Avalos B, Eccles J. Momentary task-values and expectations predict engagement in science among Finnish and Chilean secondary school students. Int J Psychol 2020; 56:415-424. [PMID: 33038025 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While expectancy-value-cost theory predicts that students' task values play an important part in academic engagement, these associations have rarely been tested in science education and are even less studied in authentic classroom situations. The present study examined to what extent momentary task-values, expectations and costs are associated with students' momentary academic engagement in science classes. Momentary academic engagement was operationalised as energy (give up), dedication (grit) and absorption (flow) components of engagement. Finnish (N = 5891 beeps, 307 students) and Chilean (N = 1931 beeps, 157 students) secondary school students participated in the study using Experience Sampling Method via smartphones. When signalled, students responded to questions via smartphones concerning their momentary task values, expectations, costs and components of engagement in the current activity. The research questions were analysed with multilevel path modelling. The results showed that, for both samples task-values, expectations and costs were related to energy, dedication and absorption components of engagement in science classes. High momentary task-values were positively associated with momentary flow and grit; high momentary expectations were positively associated with high grit and low giving up in both samples; and high momentary challenge showed as increases in feelings of giving up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,ETH Zurich, Collegium Helveticum, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jari Lavonen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Sorkkila M, Ryba TV, Aunola K, Selänne H, Salmela-Aro K. Sport burnout inventory-Dual career form for student-athletes: Assessing validity and reliability in a Finnish sample of adolescent athletes. J Sport Health Sci 2020; 9:358-366. [PMID: 32768129 PMCID: PMC7411121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pressure of pursuing an athletic career simultaneously with education may set adolescent student-athletes at risk for sport and school burnout. Although the 2 life domains of student-athletes are strongly intertwined, so far, there has not been an instrument for investigating sport burnout parallel to school burnout. The aim of the present study was to introduce a sport burnout measure for adolescents in a dual career context and investigate its validity and reliability by using confirmatory factor analysis. METHODS The participants were 391 student-athletes (51% females) who filled in a questionnaire of sport burnout and background variables in the beginning of upper secondary school. RESULTS A 3-factor model or a second-order-factor model described the data better and gave better reliability indices than a 1-factor model. The 3 dimensions of sport burnout were shown to be separate, but closely related constructs. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was obtained by correlating the 3 sport burnout dimensions with depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sport task values. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Sport Burnout Inventory-Dual Career Form (SpBI-DC) is a valid and reliable instrument for investigating sport burnout among adolescent student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Sorkkila
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Tatiana V Ryba
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Harri Selänne
- Mehiläinen Sports Medical Clinic, Jyväskylä 40100, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; Cicero Learning, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Salmela-Aro K, Upadyaya K. School engagement and school burnout profiles during high school – The role of socio-emotional skills. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1785860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Upadyaya
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Rimpelä A, Kinnunen JM, Lindfors P, Soto VE, Salmela-Aro K, Perelman J, Federico B, Lorant V. Academic Well-Being and Structural Characteristics of Peer Networks in School. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2848. [PMID: 32326162 PMCID: PMC7216150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peer networks at school and students' position in these networks can influence their academic well-being. We study here individual students' network position (isolation, popularity, social activity) and peer network structures at the school level (centralization, density, clustering, school connectedness) and their relations to students' academic well-being (school burnout, SB; schoolwork engagement, SE). Classroom surveys for 14-16-year-olds (N = 11,015) were conducted in six European cities (SILNE survey). Students were asked to nominate up to five schoolmates with whom they preferred to do schoolwork. SB and SE correlated negatively (-0.32; p < 0.0001). Students had on average 3.4 incoming (popularity; range 0-5) and 3.4 outgoing (social activity; 0-5) social ties. Percentage of isolated students was 1.4. Students' network position was associated weakly with academic well-being-popular students had less SB and higher SE, and socially active students had higher SE. School-level peer networks showed high clustering and school connectedness, but low density and low centralization. Clustering was associated with higher SB. Low centralization and high school connectedness protected from SB. Dense networks supported SE as did high average school connectedness. Correlations between these network indicators and academic well-being were, however, low. Our study showed that both students' network position and network characteristics at the school level can influence adolescents' academic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.R.); (P.L.)
- PERLA—Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pitkäniemi Hospital, 33380 Nokia, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.R.); (P.L.)
- PERLA—Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Lindfors
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.R.); (P.L.)
- PERLA—Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Victoria Eugenia Soto
- PROESA, Public Health Department, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia;
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | | | - Julian Perelman
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Federico
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
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Tuominen H, Niemivirta M, Lonka K, Salmela-Aro K. Motivation across a transition: Changes in achievement goal orientations and academic well-being from elementary to secondary school. Learning and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Upadyaya K, Salmela-Aro K. Social demands and resources predict job burnout and engagement profiles among Finnish employees. Anxiety Stress Coping 2020; 33:403-415. [PMID: 32223447 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1746285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Latent profiles of employees' job burnout (e.g., exhaustion, cynicism, feelings of inadequacy) and work engagement (e.g., energy, dedication, absorption) were examined. Moreover, the role of social work-related (multicultural, interpersonal, and project work demands) and personal demands (relationship demands) and social work-related resources (servant leadership, team climate) and personal resources (resilience, self-efficacy) in predicting the latent profiles were examined. Design: This study is a part of an Occupational Health Study in which 766 employees participated twice. Methods: The results were analyzed using latent profile analysis. Results: Two longitudinal profiles of burnout and engagement could be identified, namely high engagement (84% of the participants) and increasing burnout (16%) profiles. Employees who experienced high work-related social resources (servant leadership) and high personal resources (resilience, self-efficacy) were more likely to belong to the high engagement group than to the increasing burnout group. Employees who experienced high work-related social demands (multicultural, interpersonal, and project work demands) and personal social demands (relationship demands) more often belonged to the increasing burnout group. Conclusions: Social resources may help in promoting employees' job engagement, whereas social demands are often associated with increasing burnout symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Upadyaya
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Asikainen H, Salmela-Aro K, Parpala A, Katajavuori N. Learning profiles and their relation to study-related burnout and academic achievement among university students. Learning and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2019.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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