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Rinne N, Wikman P, Sahari E, Salmi J, Einarsdóttir E, Kere J, Alho K. Developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes DNAAF4, DCDC2, and NRSN1 are associated with brain function in fluently reading adolescents and young adults. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae144. [PMID: 38610086 PMCID: PMC11014888 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reading skills and developmental dyslexia, characterized by difficulties in developing reading skills, have been associated with brain anomalies within the language network. Genetic factors contribute to developmental dyslexia risk, but the mechanisms by which these genes influence reading skills remain unclear. In this preregistered study (https://osf.io/7sehx), we explored if developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes DNAAF4, DCDC2, NRSN1, and KIAA0319 are associated with brain function in fluently reading adolescents and young adults. Functional MRI and task performance data were collected during tasks involving written and spoken sentence processing, and DNA sequence variants of developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes previously associated with brain structure anomalies were genotyped. The results revealed that variation in DNAAF4, DCDC2, and NRSN1 is associated with brain activity in key language regions: the left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus. Furthermore, NRSN1 was associated with task performance, but KIAA0319 did not yield any significant associations. Our findings suggest that individuals with a genetic predisposition to developmental dyslexia may partly employ compensatory neural and behavioral mechanisms to maintain typical task performance. Our study highlights the relevance of these developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes in language-related brain function, even in individuals without developmental dyslexia, providing valuable insights into the genetic factors influencing language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nea Rinne
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Sahari
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Otakaari 3, Aalto University, (AALTO), P.O. BOX 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdóttir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, H7 Medicin, Huddinge, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Research Center, and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program (STEMM), University of Helsinki, PL 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Wikman P, Salmela V, Sjöblom E, Leminen M, Laine M, Alho K. Attention to audiovisual speech shapes neural processing through feedback-feedforward loops between different nodes of the speech network. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002534. [PMID: 38466713 PMCID: PMC10957087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective attention-related top-down modulation plays a significant role in separating relevant speech from irrelevant background speech when vocal attributes separating concurrent speakers are small and continuously evolving. Electrophysiological studies have shown that such top-down modulation enhances neural tracking of attended speech. Yet, the specific cortical regions involved remain unclear due to the limited spatial resolution of most electrophysiological techniques. To overcome such limitations, we collected both electroencephalography (EEG) (high temporal resolution) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (high spatial resolution), while human participants selectively attended to speakers in audiovisual scenes containing overlapping cocktail party speech. To utilise the advantages of the respective techniques, we analysed neural tracking of speech using the EEG data and performed representational dissimilarity-based EEG-fMRI fusion. We observed that attention enhanced neural tracking and modulated EEG correlates throughout the latencies studied. Further, attention-related enhancement of neural tracking fluctuated in predictable temporal profiles. We discuss how such temporal dynamics could arise from a combination of interactions between attention and prediction as well as plastic properties of the auditory cortex. EEG-fMRI fusion revealed attention-related iterative feedforward-feedback loops between hierarchically organised nodes of the ventral auditory object related processing stream. Our findings support models where attention facilitates dynamic neural changes in the auditory cortex, ultimately aiding discrimination of relevant sounds from irrelevant ones while conserving neural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eetu Sjöblom
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miika Leminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- AI and Analytics Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Ilomäki M, Lindblom J, Salmela V, Flykt M, Vänskä M, Salmi J, Tolonen T, Alho K, Punamäki RL, Wikman P. Early life stress is associated with the default mode and fronto-limbic network connectivity among young adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:958580. [PMID: 36212193 PMCID: PMC9537946 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.958580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a variety of detrimental psychological and neurodevelopmental effects. Importantly, ELS has been associated with regional alterations and aberrant connectivity in the structure and functioning of brain regions involved in emotion processing and self-regulation, creating vulnerability to mental health problems. However, longitudinal research regarding the impact of ELS on functional connectivity between brain regions in the default mode network (DMN) and fronto-limbic network (FLN), both implicated in emotion-related processes, is relatively scarce. Neuroimaging research on ELS has mostly focused on single nodes or bi-nodal connectivity instead of functional networks. We examined how ELS is associated with connectivity patterns within the DMN and FLN during rest in early adulthood. The participants (n = 86; 47 females) in the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study were young adults (18–21 years old) whose families had participated in a longitudinal study since pregnancy. ELS was assessed both prospectively (parental reports of family relationship problems and mental health problems during pregnancy and infancy) and retrospectively (self-reported adverse childhood experiences). Inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA) and multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) were used to analyze the association between ELS and the chosen networks. The IS-RSA results suggested that prospective ELS was associated with complex alterations within the DMN, and that retrospective ELS was associated with alterations in the FLN. MDMR results, in turn, suggested that that retrospective ELS was associated with DMN connectivity. Mean connectivity of the DMN was also associated with retrospective ELS. Analyses further showed that ELS-related alterations in the FLN were associated with increased connectivity between the prefrontal and limbic regions, and between different prefrontal regions. These results suggest that exposure to ELS in infancy might have long-lasting influences on functional brain connectivity that persist until early adulthood. Our results also speak for the importance of differentiating prospective and retrospective assessment methods to understand the specific neurodevelopmental effects of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Ilomäki
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Miro Ilomäki,
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Flykt
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mervi Vänskä
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tolonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Wikman P, Moisala M, Ylinen A, Lindblom J, Leikas S, Salmela-Aro K, Lonka K, Güroğlu B, Alho K. Brain Responses to Peer Feedback in Social Media Are Modulated by Valence in Late Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:790478. [PMID: 35706832 PMCID: PMC9190756 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.790478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the neural correlates of receiving negative feedback from peers during virtual social interaction in young people. However, there is a lack of studies applying platforms adolescents use in daily life. In the present study, 92 late-adolescent participants performed a task that involved receiving positive and negative feedback to their opinions from peers in a Facebook-like platform, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Peer feedback was shown to activate clusters in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (STG/STS), and occipital cortex (OC). Negative feedback was related to greater activity in the VLPFC, MPFC, and anterior insula than positive feedback, replicating previous findings on peer feedback and social rejection. Real-life habits of social media use did not correlate with brain responses to negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Artturi Ylinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sointu Leikas
- Swedish School of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Institute of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Ylinen A, Wikman P, Leminen M, Alho K. Task-dependent cortical activations during selective attention to audiovisual speech. Brain Res 2022; 1775:147739. [PMID: 34843702 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective listening to speech depends on widespread networks of the brain, but how the involvement of different neural systems in speech processing is affected by factors such as the task performed by a listener and speech intelligibility remains poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to systematically examine the effects that performing different tasks has on neural activations during selective attention to continuous audiovisual speech in the presence of task-irrelevant speech. Participants viewed audiovisual dialogues and attended either to the semantic or the phonological content of speech, or ignored speech altogether and performed a visual control task. The tasks were factorially combined with good and poor auditory and visual speech qualities. Selective attention to speech engaged superior temporal regions and the left inferior frontal gyrus regardless of the task. Frontoparietal regions implicated in selective auditory attention to simple sounds (e.g., tones, syllables) were not engaged by the semantic task, suggesting that this network may not be not as crucial when attending to continuous speech. The medial orbitofrontal cortex, implicated in social cognition, was most activated by the semantic task. Activity levels during the phonological task in the left prefrontal, premotor, and secondary somatosensory regions had a distinct temporal profile as well as the highest overall activity, possibly relating to the role of the dorsal speech processing stream in sub-lexical processing. Our results demonstrate that the task type influences neural activations during selective attention to speech, and emphasize the importance of ecologically valid experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artturi Ylinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Miika Leminen
- Analytics and Data Services, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Lundin C, Wikman A, Lampa E, Bixo M, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Wikman P, Ljung R, Sundström Poromaa I. There is no association between combined oral hormonal contraceptives and depression: a Swedish register-based cohort study. BJOG 2021; 129:917-925. [PMID: 34837324 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether users of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are at increased risk of depression compared with non-users. DESIGN Register-based cohort study. SETTING Sweden. SAMPLE Women aged 15-25 years between 2010 and 2017 with no prior antidepressant treatment, psychiatric diagnose or contraindication for HCs (n = 739 585). METHODS Women with a prescription of HC were identified via the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR). Relative risks (RRs) for first depression diagnosis in current HC-users compared with non-users were modelled by Poisson regression. Adjustments included age, medical indication for HC-use and parental history of mental disorders, among others. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Depression, captured by a redeemed prescription of antidepressant treatment, or a first depression diagnosis in the SPDR and the National Patient Register. RESULTS Compared with non-users, women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and oral progestogen-only products had lower or no increased risk of depression, relative risk (RR) 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.91) and 1.03 (95% CI 0.99-1.06) after adjustments, respectively. Age-stratified analyses demonstrated that COC use in adolescents conferred no increase in risk (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.98), whereas use of progestogen-only pills (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), contraceptive patch/vaginal ring (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.58), implant (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.30-1.45) or a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.46-1.73) were associated with increased risks. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find any association between use of COCs, which is the dominating HC in first time users, and depression. Non-oral products were associated with increased risks. Residual confounding must be addressed in the interpretation of the results. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT There is no association between combined hormonal contraceptives and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lundin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bixo
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Gemzell-Danielsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Ljung
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Sundström Poromaa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wikman P, Sahari E, Salmela V, Leminen A, Leminen M, Laine M, Alho K. Breaking down the cocktail party: Attentional modulation of cerebral audiovisual speech processing. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117365. [PMID: 32941985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies utilizing electrophysiological speech envelope reconstruction have sparked renewed interest in the cocktail party effect by showing that auditory neurons entrain to selectively attended speech. Yet, the neural networks of attention to speech in naturalistic audiovisual settings with multiple sound sources remain poorly understood. We collected functional brain imaging data while participants viewed audiovisual video clips of lifelike dialogues with concurrent distracting speech in the background. Dialogues were presented in a full-factorial design, comprising task (listen to the dialogues vs. ignore them), audiovisual quality and semantic predictability. We used univariate analyses in combination with multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to study modulations of brain activity related to attentive processing of audiovisual speech. We found attentive speech processing to cause distinct spatiotemporal modulation profiles in distributed cortical areas including sensory and frontal-control networks. Semantic coherence modulated attention-related activation patterns in the earliest stages of auditory cortical processing, suggesting that the auditory cortex is involved in high-level speech processing. Our results corroborate views that emphasize the dynamic nature of attention, with task-specificity and context as cornerstones of the underlying neuro-cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elisa Sahari
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Alina Leminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miika Leminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Leminen A, Verwoert M, Moisala M, Salmela V, Wikman P, Alho K. Modulation of Brain Activity by Selective Attention to Audiovisual Dialogues. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:436. [PMID: 32477054 PMCID: PMC7235384 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In real-life noisy situations, we can selectively attend to conversations in the presence of irrelevant voices, but neurocognitive mechanisms in such natural listening situations remain largely unexplored. Previous research has shown distributed activity in the mid superior temporal gyrus (STG) and sulcus (STS) while listening to speech and human voices, in the posterior STS and fusiform gyrus when combining auditory, visual and linguistic information, as well as in left-hemisphere temporal and frontal cortical areas during comprehension. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated how selective attention modulates neural responses to naturalistic audiovisual dialogues. Our healthy adult participants (N = 15) selectively attended to video-taped dialogues between a man and woman in the presence of irrelevant continuous speech in the background. We modulated the auditory quality of dialogues with noise vocoding and their visual quality by masking speech-related facial movements. Both increased auditory quality and increased visual quality were associated with bilateral activity enhancements in the STG/STS. In addition, decreased audiovisual stimulus quality elicited enhanced fronto-parietal activity, presumably reflecting increased attentional demands. Finally, attention to the dialogues, in relation to a control task where a fixation cross was attended and the dialogue ignored, yielded enhanced activity in the left planum polare, angular gyrus, the right temporal pole, as well as in the orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus. Our findings suggest that naturalistic conversations effectively engage participants and reveal brain networks related to social perception in addition to speech and semantic processing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Leminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cognitive Science, Department of Digital Humanities, Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities (Heldig), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxime Verwoert
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mona Moisala
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Wikman P, Rinne T, Petkov CI. Reward cues readily direct monkeys' auditory performance resulting in broad auditory cortex modulation and interaction with sites along cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3055. [PMID: 30816142 PMCID: PMC6395775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural settings, the prospect of reward often influences the focus of our attention, but how cognitive and motivational systems influence sensory cortex is not well understood. Also, challenges in training nonhuman animals on cognitive tasks complicate cross-species comparisons and interpreting results on the neurobiological bases of cognition. Incentivized attention tasks could expedite training and evaluate the impact of attention on sensory cortex. Here we develop an Incentivized Attention Paradigm (IAP) and use it to show that macaque monkeys readily learn to use auditory or visual reward cues, drastically influencing their performance within a simple auditory task. Next, this paradigm was used with functional neuroimaging to measure activation modulation in the monkey auditory cortex. The results show modulation of extensive auditory cortical regions throughout primary and non-primary regions, which although a hallmark of attentional modulation in human auditory cortex, has not been studied or observed as broadly in prior data from nonhuman animals. Psycho-physiological interactions were identified between the observed auditory cortex effects and regions including basal forebrain sites along acetylcholinergic and dopaminergic pathways. The findings reveal the impact and regional interactions in the primate brain during an incentivized attention engaging auditory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teemu Rinne
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. .,Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Fortún J, Martín-Dávila P, Gómez-Mampaso E, González-García A, Barbolla I, Gómez-García I, Wikman P, Ortíz J, Navas E, Cuartero C, Gijón D, Moreno S. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: differential aspects and role of 16S-rRNA in urine. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:478-85. [PMID: 24670706 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is important for successful treatment. METHODS All cases of EPTB diagnosed at Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain, from 1997 to 2008 were analysed and compared with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to identify differential parameters that could serve to predict the presence of EPTB at initial presentation. Different microbiological techniques were analysed, including amplification of 16S-rRNA in urine. RESULTS During the study period, 814 cases of TB were diagnosed at our centre; 330 (40.5%) were EPTB. Concomitant PTB was detected in 45% of EPTB cases. The main clinical forms of EPTB were lymphadenitis (86, 26%), miliary TB (60, 18%), and multifocal TB (43, 13%). Variables independently associated with EPTB were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (OR 3.6, 95%CI 2.4-5.4), older age (>60 years) (OR 3.7, 95%CI 2.5-5.6) and mortality (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.3-6.3). 16S-rRNA in urine was performed in 82 EPTB patients (25%), among whom a positive result was obtained in 70%; in the PTB group, a positive result was found in 5 of 28 patients (18%) (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS HIV infection and older age appear to be the main risk factors associated with EPTB. In this study, mortality was significantly higher in patients with EPTB. A positive 16S-rRNA test result in urine is a useful marker of EPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martín-Dávila
- Infectious Diseases Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gómez-Mampaso
- Microbiology Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-García
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Barbolla
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Gómez-García
- Urology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - P Wikman
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ortíz
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Navas
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Cuartero
- Microbiology Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Gijón
- Microbiology Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Rinne T, Koistinen S, Talja S, Wikman P, Salonen O. Task-dependent activations of human auditory cortex during spatial discrimination and spatial memory tasks. Neuroimage 2011; 59:4126-31. [PMID: 22062190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we applied high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human auditory cortex (AC) and adjacent areas to compare activations during spatial discrimination and spatial n-back memory tasks that were varied parametrically in difficulty. We found that activations in the anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) were stronger during spatial discrimination than during spatial memory, while spatial memory was associated with stronger activations in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). We also found that wide AC areas were strongly deactivated during the spatial memory tasks. The present AC activation patterns associated with spatial discrimination and spatial memory tasks were highly similar to those obtained in our previous study comparing AC activations during pitch discrimination and pitch memory (Rinne et al., 2009). Together our previous and present results indicate that discrimination and memory tasks activate anterior and posterior AC areas differently and that this anterior-posterior division is present both when these tasks are performed on spatially invariant (pitch discrimination vs. memory) or spatially varying (spatial discrimination vs. memory) sounds. These results also further strengthen the view that activations of human AC cannot be explained only by stimulus-level parameters (e.g., spatial vs. nonspatial stimuli) but that the activations observed with fMRI are strongly dependent on the characteristics of the behavioral task. Thus, our results suggest that in order to understand the functional structure of AC a more systematic investigation of task-related factors affecting AC activations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Rinne
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Wikman P, Safont P, Perez-Elías MJ, Moreno A, Dronda F, Moreno S, Casado JL. Lack of utility of phosphate serum monitoring in HIV-infected patients on a tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112928 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Wikman P, Safont P, Merino J, Martínez Baltanás A, Matarranz del Amo M, López Calleja E. Intervención para la mejora de la calidad de las historias clínicas en un Servicio de Medicina Interna. Rev Clin Esp 2009; 209:391-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(09)72343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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