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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang R, Mi Y, Xu J, Jiang R, Gao J. Elevation Influences Belowground Biomass Proportion in Forests by Affecting Climatic Factors, Soil Nutrients and Key Leaf Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:674. [PMID: 38475521 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Forest biomass allocation is a direct manifestation of biological adaptation to environmental changes. Studying the distribution patterns of forest biomass along elevational gradients is ecologically significant for understanding the specific impacts of global change on plant resource allocation strategies. While aboveground biomass has been extensively studied, research on belowground biomass remains relatively limited. Furthermore, the patterns and driving factors of the belowground biomass proportion (BGBP) along elevational gradients are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the specific influences of climatic factors, soil nutrients, and key leaf traits on the elevational pattern of BGBP using data from 926 forests at 94 sites across China. In this study, BGBP data were calculated from the root biomass to the depth of 50 cm. Our findings indicate considerable variability in forest BGBP at a macro scale, showing a significant increasing trend along elevational gradients (p < 0.01). BGBP significantly decreases with increasing temperature and precipitation and increases with annual mean evapotranspiration (MAE) (p < 0.01). It decreases significantly with increasing soil phosphorus content and increases with soil pH (p < 0.01). Key leaf traits (leaf nitrogen (LN) and leaf phosphorus (LP)) are positively correlated with BGBP. Climatic factors (R2 = 0.46) have the strongest explanatory power for the variation in BGBP along elevations, while soil factors (R2 = 0.10) and key leaf traits (R2 = 0.08) also play significant roles. Elevation impacts BGBP directly and also indirectly through influencing such as climate conditions, soil nutrient availability, and key leaf traits, with direct effects being more pronounced than indirect effects. This study reveals the patterns and controlling factors of forests' BGBP along elevational gradients, providing vital ecological insights into the impact of global change on plant resource allocation strategies and offering scientific guidance for ecosystem management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Mengyao Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yila Mi
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Ruifang Jiang
- Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Forestry Planning Institute, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Regulation Biology of Species in Special Environments, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100863, China
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2
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Kou X, Han W, Kang J. Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085409. [PMID: 36570905 PMCID: PMC9780461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to increasingly severe drought events and roots play vital roles in maintaining plant survival, growth, and reproduction. A large body of literature has investigated the adaptive responses of root traits in various plants to water stress and these studies have been reviewed in certain groups of plant species at a certain scale. Nevertheless, these responses have not been synthesized at multiple levels. This paper screened over 2000 literatures for studies of typical root traits including root growth angle, root depth, root length, root diameter, root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root hair length and density and integrates their drought responses at genetic and morphological scales. The genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hormones that are involved in the regulation of drought response of the root traits were summarized. We then statistically analyzed the drought responses of root traits and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlighted the drought response of 1-D and 2-D root length density (RLD) distribution in the soil profile. This paper will provide a framework for an integrated understanding of root adaptive responses to water deficit at multiple scales and such insights may provide a basis for selection and breeding of drought tolerant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Kou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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3
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Bohra A, Tiwari A, Kaur P, Ganie SA, Raza A, Roorkiwal M, Mir RR, Fernie AR, Smýkal P, Varshney RK. The Key to the Future Lies in the Past: Insights from Grain Legume Domestication and Improvement Should Inform Future Breeding Strategies. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1554-1572. [PMID: 35713290 PMCID: PMC9680861 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication is a co-evolutionary process that has rendered plants and animals significantly dependent on human interventions for survival and propagation. Grain legumes have played an important role in the development of Neolithic agriculture some 12,000 years ago. Despite being early companions of cereals in the origin and evolution of agriculture, the understanding of grain legume domestication has lagged behind that of cereals. Adapting plants for human use has resulted in distinct morpho-physiological changes between the wild ancestors and domesticates, and this distinction has been the focus of several studies aimed at understanding the domestication process and the genetic diversity bottlenecks created. Growing evidence from research on archeological remains, combined with genetic analysis and the geographical distribution of wild forms, has improved the resolution of the process of domestication, diversification and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the significance of legume wild relatives as reservoirs of novel genetic variation for crop breeding programs. We describe key legume features, which evolved in response to anthropogenic activities. Here, we highlight how whole genome sequencing and incorporation of omics-level data have expanded our capacity to monitor the genetic changes accompanying these processes. Finally, we present our perspective on alternative routes centered on de novo domestication and re-domestication to impart significant agronomic advances of novel crops over existing commodities. A finely resolved domestication history of grain legumes will uncover future breeding targets to develop modern cultivars enriched with alleles that improve yield, quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Abha Tiwari
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR-IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Santiniketan Road, Bolpur 731235, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), UAE University, Sheik Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, UAE
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Křížkovského 511/8, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
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Moura LMDF, Carlos da Costa A, Gomes Vital R, Alves da Silva A, de Almeida Rodrigues A, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Müller C. Root traits in Crambe abyssinica Hochst and Raphanus sativus L. plants are associated with differential tolerance to water deficit and post-stress recovery. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that Crambe abyssinica and Raphanus sativus are physiologically tolerant to water deficits; however, there is a lack of information on the mechanisms responsible for their tolerance regarding root morphological characteristics. This study aimed to characterize morphological changes in the root system of C. abyssinica and R. sativus subjected water deficit, as well as to identify the responses that improve tolerance and post-stress recovery capacity of these plants.
Methods
Independent experiments for each specieswere performed in a controlled greenhouse, where plants were randomly set in a randomized block design with five replicates. Plants of C. abyssinica and R. sativus were cultivated in pots and exposed to well-watered treatment (WW; 90% water holding capacity–WHC of the substrate) or water deficit (WD; 40% WHC) conditions, at 28 days after planting. The plants were kept under WD for 7, 14, or 21 days with rehydration soon after each episode of water deficit. Assessment of water relations, biomass allocation, leaf and root system morphological characteristics and gas exchange were performed after each period of water deficit and 48 h after rehydration.
Results
The water deficit reduced the water status of both species, and morphological and biomass allocation were not recovered after rehydration. Photosynthesis of C. abyssinica decreased with prolonged water deficit, which was also not recovered after rehydration. In R. sativus, photosynthesis was not altered by WD for 21 days, and a higher WUE was recorded. Root morphology of R. sativus was mainly affected at 14 days of WD, while the traits related to very fine roots increased at 21 days of WD, when compared to WW plants. Thus, R. sativus has shown greater tolerance to water deficits mainly due to the presence of very fine roots throughout the period of stress, when compared to C. abyssinica in which the fine roots predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Carlos da Costa
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
- Centro de Excelência em Agricultura Exponencial, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gomes Vital
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | - Adinan Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
- Centro de Excelência em Agricultura Exponencial, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Alencar Cândido-Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
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5
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Rao S, Armstrong R, Silva-Perez V, Tefera AT, Rosewarne GM. Pulse Root Ideotype for Water Stress in Temperate Cropping System. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040692. [PMID: 33916833 PMCID: PMC8067327 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulses are a key component of crop production systems in Southern Australia due to their rotational benefits and potential profit margins. However, cultivation in temperate cropping systems such as that of Southern Australia is limited by low soil water availability and subsoil constraints. This limitation of soil water is compounded by the irregular rainfall, resulting in the absence of plant available water at depth. An increase in the productivity of key pulses and expansion into environments and soil types traditionally considered marginal for their growth will require improved use of the limited soil water and adaptation to sub soil constrains. Roots serve as the interface between soil constraints and the whole plant. Changes in root system architecture (RSA) can be utilised as an adaptive strategy in achieving yield potential under limited rainfall, heterogenous distribution of resources and other soil-based constraints. The existing literature has identified a “‘Steep, Deep and Cheap” root ideotype as a preferred RSA. However, this idiotype is not efficient in a temperate system where plant available water is limited at depth. In addition, this root ideotype and other root architectural studies have focused on cereal crops, which have different structures and growth patterns to pulses due to their monocotyledonous nature and determinant growth habit. The paucity of pulse-specific root architectural studies warrants further investigations into pulse RSA, which should be combined with an examination of the existing variability of known genetic traits so as to develop strategies to alleviate production constraints through either tolerance or avoidance mechanisms. This review proposes a new model of root system architecture of “Wide, Shallow and Fine” roots based on pulse roots in temperate cropping systems. The proposed ideotype has, in addition to other root traits, a root density concentrated in the upper soil layers to capture in-season rainfall before it is lost due to evaporation. The review highlights the potential to achieve this in key pulse crops including chickpea, lentil, faba bean, field pea and lupin. Where possible, comparisons to determinate crops such as cereals have also been made. The review identifies the key root traits that have shown a degree of adaptation via tolerance or avoidance to water stress and documents the current known variability that exists in and amongst pulse crops setting priorities for future research.
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Bontpart T, Concha C, Giuffrida MV, Robertson I, Admkie K, Degefu T, Girma N, Tesfaye K, Haileselassie T, Fikre A, Fetene M, Tsaftaris SA, Doerner P. Affordable and robust phenotyping framework to analyse root system architecture of soil-grown plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2330-2343. [PMID: 32530068 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic analysis of root system growth is important to inform efforts to enhance plant resource acquisition from soils; however, root phenotyping remains challenging because of the opacity of soil, requiring systems that facilitate root system visibility and image acquisition. Previously reported systems require costly or bespoke materials not available in most countries, where breeders need tools to select varieties best adapted to local soils and field conditions. Here, we report an affordable soil-based growth (rhizobox) and imaging system to phenotype root development in glasshouses or shelters. All components of the system are made from locally available commodity components, facilitating the adoption of this affordable technology in low-income countries. The rhizobox is large enough (approximately 6000 cm2 of visible soil) to avoid restricting vertical root system growth for most if not all of the life cycle, yet light enough (approximately 21 kg when filled with soil) for routine handling. Support structures and an imaging station, with five cameras covering the whole soil surface, complement the rhizoboxes. Images are acquired via the Phenotiki sensor interface, collected, stitched and analysed. Root system architecture (RSA) parameters are quantified without intervention. The RSAs of a dicot species (Cicer arietinum, chickpea) and a monocot species (Hordeum vulgare, barley), exhibiting contrasting root systems, were analysed. Insights into root system dynamics during vegetative and reproductive stages of the chickpea life cycle were obtained. This affordable system is relevant for efforts in Ethiopia and other low- and middle-income countries to enhance crop yields and climate resilience sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Bontpart
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Cristobal Concha
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Mario Valerio Giuffrida
- Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3FG, UK
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK
| | - Ingrid Robertson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kassahun Admkie
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit, Oromia, PO Box 32, Ethiopia
| | - Tulu Degefu
- ICRISAT-Ethiopia, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, c/o ILRI Campus, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 5689, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Girma
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit, Oromia, PO Box 32, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 5954, Ethiopia
| | | | - Asnake Fikre
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit, Oromia, PO Box 32, Ethiopia
- ICRISAT-Ethiopia, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, c/o ILRI Campus, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 5689, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Fetene
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Academy of Sciences, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, PO Box 32228, Ethiopia
| | - Sotirios A Tsaftaris
- Institute for Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3FG, UK
| | - Peter Doerner
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH9 3BF, UK
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7
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Waidmann S, Sarkel E, Kleine-Vehn J. Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2397-2411. [PMID: 31956903 PMCID: PMC7178446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Bodner G, Loiskandl W, Hartl W, Erhart E, Sobotik M. Characterization of Cover Crop Rooting Types from Integration of Rhizobox Imaging and Root Atlas Information. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E514. [PMID: 31744188 PMCID: PMC6918168 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant root systems are essential for sustainable agriculture, conveying resource-efficient genotypes and species with benefits to soil ecosystem functions. Targeted selection of species/genotypes depends on available root system information. Currently there is no standardized approach for comprehensive root system characterization, suggesting the need for data integration across methods and sources. Here, we combine field measured root descriptors from the classical Root Atlas series with traits from controlled-environment root imaging for 10 cover crop species to (i) detect descriptors scaling between distant experimental methods, (ii) provide traits for species classification, and (iii) discuss implications for cover crop ecosystem functions. Results revealed relation of single axes measures from root imaging (convex hull, primary-lateral length ratio) to Root Atlas field descriptors (depth, branching order). Using composite root variables (principal components) for branching, morphology, and assimilate investment traits, cover crops were classified into species with (i) topsoil-allocated large diameter rooting type, (ii) low-branched primary/shoot-born axes-dominated rooting type, and (iii) highly branched dense rooting type, with classification trait-dependent distinction according to depth distribution. Data integration facilitated identification of root classification variables to derive root-related cover crop distinction, indicating their agro-ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Bodner
- Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Willibald Loiskandl
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Hartl
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Bioforschung Austria, Esslinger Hauptstrasse 132-134, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Erhart
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Bioforschung Austria, Esslinger Hauptstrasse 132-134, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sobotik
- Austrian Society of Root Research, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (W.L.); (W.H.); (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Pflanzensoziologisches Institut, Pichlern 9, A-4822 Bad Goisern, Austria
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9
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Belachew KY, Nagel KA, Poorter H, Stoddard FL. Association of Shoot and Root Responses to Water Deficit in Young Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L.) Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1063. [PMID: 31552067 PMCID: PMC6738164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit may occur at any stage of plant growth, with any intensity and duration. Phenotypic acclimation and the mechanism of adaptation vary with the evolutionary background of germplasm accessions and their stage of growth. Faba bean is considered sensitive to various kinds of drought. Hence, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in rhizotrons under contrasting watering regimes to explore shoot and root traits and drought avoidance mechanisms in young faba bean plants. Eight accessions were investigated for shoot and root morphological and physiological responses in two watering conditions with four replications. Pre-germinated seedlings were transplanted into rhizotron boxes filled with either air-dried or moist peat. The water-limited plants received 50-ml water at transplanting and another 50-ml water 4 days later, then no water was given until the end of the experimental period, 24 days after transplanting. The well-watered plants received 100 ml of water every 12 h throughout the experimental period. Root, stem, and leaf dry mass, their mass fractions, their dry matter contents, apparent specific root length and density, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, and Fv/Fm were recorded. Water deficit resulted in 3-4-fold reductions in shoot biomass, root biomass, and stomatal conductance along with 1.2-1.4-fold increases in leaf and stem dry matter content and SPAD values. Total dry mass and apparent root length density showed accession by treatment interactions. Accessions DS70622, DS11320, and ILB938/2 shared relatively high values of total dry mass and low values of stomatal conductance under water deficit but differed in root distribution parameters. In both treatments, DS70622 was characterized by finer roots that were distributed in both depth and width, whereas DS11320 and ILB938/2 produced less densely growing, thicker roots. French accession Mélodie/2 was susceptible to drought in the vegetative phase, in contrast to previous results from the flowering phase, showing the importance of timing of drought stress on the measured response. Syrian accession DS70622 explored the maximum root volume and maintained its dry matter production, with the difference from the other accessions being particularly large in the water-limited treatment, so it is a valuable source of traits for avoiding transient drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiflemariam Y. Belachew
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Plant Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kerstin A. Nagel
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Frederick L. Stoddard
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Nadeem M, Li J, Yahya M, Sher A, Ma C, Wang X, Qiu L. Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2541. [PMID: 31126133 PMCID: PMC6567229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today's world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops and has been considered a severe constraint for global agricultural productivity; its intensity and severity are predicted to increase in the near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity to DS, especially at vegetative and reproductive stages. They are mostly grown in the dry areas and are moderately drought tolerant, but severe DS leads to remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects of DS are reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, decrease in net photosynthesis, and a reduction in nutrient uptake. To curb the catastrophic effect of DS in legumes, it is imperative to understand its effects, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of drought for sustainable management. This review highlights the impact of DS on legumes, mechanisms, and proposes appropriate management approaches to alleviate the severity of water stress. In our discussion, we outline the influence of water stress on physiological aspects (such as germination, photosynthesis, water and nutrient uptake), growth parameters and yield. Additionally, mechanisms, various management strategies, for instance, agronomic practices (planting time and geometry, nutrient management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics and advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) are also critically discussed. We propose that the integration of several approaches such as agronomic and biotechnological strategies as well as advanced genome editing tools is needed to develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Muhammad Yahya
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Alam Sher
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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