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Tang M, Chui PL, Chong MC, Liu X. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children after discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit: a scoping review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02505-8. [PMID: 38916767 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
As the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children discharged from pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) continues to rise, corresponding research efforts have also increased. This scoping review aimed to review the PTSD prevalence, influencing factors, and tools used for PTSD measurements in children discharged from the PICU. This review employed the five-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, CNKI, and WANFANG. Studies in English or Chinese published up to September 2023 were eligible for inclusion. The search yielded a total of 3536 results, with 31 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported that the prevalence of PTSD ranged from a minimum of 13% to a maximum of 84.6%. Risk factors for PTSD included medical interventions, child-related factors, and family environment. A total of 17 assessment tools for PTSD in PICU patients were reported. Given the significance of PTSD in this pediatric population, further attention, research, and intervention are warranted to help alleviate the burden of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoting Tang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Lei Chui
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mei Chan Chong
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xianliang Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Strauven S, Dennison MJ, O'Donnell ML, Cowlishaw S, Gibson K, Pedder DJ, Baur J, Nursey J, Cobham VE. A pilot study of a brief and scalable psychosocial intervention for children and adolescents following disasters. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38868927 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following disaster exposure, a significant proportion of children/adolescents will develop levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) that do not meet diagnostic threshold for PTSD, but which cause ongoing distress. This paper describes the development and pilot testing of a brief, scalable, psychosocial intervention. SOLAR-Kids/Teens has been designed to be delivered by non-mental health professionals ('coaches') to children/adolescents experiencing moderate levels of PTSS following disasters. METHODS An international collaboration of experts developed The Skills fOr Life Adjustment and Resilience (SOLAR) for Kids and Teens programs. The programs were piloted-using a pre-post mixed methods design-with 10 children and adolescents (8-18 years), with the aims of examining the feasibility of the program's delivery model as well as the program's potential usefulness. RESULTS The pilot data indicated that after 1 day of training and with ongoing supervision, the SOLAR program was safe and feasible for coaches to deliver to children/adolescents experiencing PTSS. Coaches reported increased knowledge (p = .001), confidence (p = .001) and skills (p = .006). The programs were acceptable to coaches, children/adolescents and parents. Parents and children/adolescents reported reductions in trauma and anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-treatment, with moderate to large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary findings demonstrate that the SOLAR-Kids/Teens program is feasible, acceptable and safe to be delivered by trained non-mental health professionals to children and adolescents experiencing PTSS and anxiety following disaster exposure. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of the SOLAR-Kids/Teens programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Strauven
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meg J Dennison
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meaghan L O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kari Gibson
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Pedder
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenelle Baur
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Nursey
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Cobham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland Child and Youth Mental Health Service (CHQ CYMHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kankaanpää R, Vänskä M, Opaas M, Spaas C, Derluyn I, Jervelund SS, Skovdal M, Durbeej N, Osman F, De Haene L, de Smet S, Andersen AJ, Hilden PK, Verelst A, Peltonen K. Psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2349445. [PMID: 38753438 PMCID: PMC11100434 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2349445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: High levels of post-traumatic stress are well documented among refugees. Yet, refugee adolescents display high heterogeneity in their type of trauma and symptom levels.Objective: Following the recurrent plea for validated trauma screening tools, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan (n = 148), Syria (n = 234), and Somalia (n = 175) living in Europe.Method: The model fit for the confirmatory factor structures was tested, as well as measurement invariance between the three groups. The robustness of results was evaluated by testing measurement invariance between recently arrived and settled adolescents, and between different response labelling options. Reliability (α, ω, and ordinal α), criterion validity, and prevalence estimates were calculated.Results: The intrusion subscale showed a better stable model fit than the avoidance subscale, but the two-factor structure was mainly supported. Configural measurement invariance was achieved between Afghan and Somali adolescents, and strong measurement invariance between Syrian and Somali adolescents. The results were robust considering the time living in the host country and response labelling styles. Reliability was low among Afghan and Syrian adolescents (.717-.856), whereas it was higher among Somali adolescents (.831-.887). The total score had medium-sized correlations with emotional problems (.303-.418) and low correlations with hyperactivity (.077-.155). There were statistically significant differences in symptom prevalence: Afghan adolescents had higher prevalence (55.5%) than Syrian (42.8%) and Somali (37%) adolescents, and unaccompanied refugee minors had higher symptom prevalence (63.5%) than accompanied adolescents (40.7%).Conclusions: This study mostly supports the use of the CRIES-8 among adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia, and even comparative analyses of group means. Variation in reliability estimates, however, makes diagnostic predictions difficult, as the risk of misclassification is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Kankaanpää
- Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Vänskä
- Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marianne Opaas
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Spaas
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Morten Skovdal
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fatumo Osman
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Lucia De Haene
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie de Smet
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnfinn J. Andersen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Hilden
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Oslo, Norway
| | - An Verelst
- Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsi Peltonen
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Aucoin P, Gardam O, St John E, Kokenberg-Gallant L, Corbeil S, Smith J, Guimond FA. COVID-19-related anxiety and trauma symptoms predict decreases in body image satisfaction in children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1666-1677. [PMID: 35543799 PMCID: PMC9091148 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated short-term longitudinal effects of COVID-19-related trauma and separation, social, and generalized anxiety symptoms on children's body image satisfaction. Participants were 247 Canadian children (121 boys, 123 girls) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.04). Two cohorts of parents were recruited to complete a questionnaire at two time points on their children's body image satisfaction and COVID-19-related trauma and anxiety symptoms. The first cohort (n = 136 children) was recruited in Summer 2020 and the second cohort (n = 111 children) was recruited in Winter 2021. For each cohort, follow-up surveys were completed approximately five months later, therefore covering an entire year with both cohorts. Multilevel regression analyses showed that children's trauma and anxiety at Time 1 predicted significant decreases in body image satisfaction at Time 2. Older children were especially at risk of decreased body image satisfaction as a result of their COVID-19-related trauma, social anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms. Younger girls were susceptible to decreased body image satisfaction as a result of their separation anxiety symptoms. Given that children's body image dissatisfaction is a precursor to the development of eating disorders, these findings shed light on potential targets for early intervention with children who are at-risk of developing such difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Aucoin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Gardam
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth St John
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laila Kokenberg-Gallant
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Corbeil
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Department of Education, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanny-Alexandra Guimond
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Mahmood S, Siraji MA, Naher R, Arató N, Kaló Z. Psychometric validation of revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) among adolescents in Bangladesh. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103514. [PMID: 36906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of bullying-related attributes is vital in developing anti-bullying intervention and prevention programs. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) is one tool that has been widely used for this purpose. Thus, as we noticed a rising interest in research on bullying and there is a scarcity of proper psychometric tools to assess bullying-related attributes in Bangladesh, our study aimed to translate the OBVQ-R and test the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of this questionnaire on a large Bangladeshi adolescent sample. METHOD In Bangladesh, we collected data from grade 8-10 students (N = 567, 309 females, 258 males, AgeMean±SD=15.12 ± 0.81). The participants completed Bangla OBVQ-R, Beck Youth Inventory (BYI), and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale-13 (CRIES-13). RESULTS The item response theory (IRT) analysis discarded five items and retained 15 items (Victimization=8, Perpetration=7). Both subscales had items with high discrimination (Victimization: 3.14 ± 0.67; Perpetration: 3.40 ± 1.04). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a correlated two-factor model (CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99). Both subscales (Victimization and Perpetration) and the 15-item full scale exhibited satisfactory reliability (>0.80). In line with our predictions, both subscales demonstrated significant positive correlations with BYI and CRIES-13, indicating satisfactory concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The results of the psychometric analyses supported the reliability and validity of the 15-item Bangla-version OBVQ-R to assess bullying involvement. Hence, this new, adapted measurement can facilitate further bullying research in Bangladesh and, thus, the development of prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mahmood
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE EötvösLoránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Monash University, Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Malaysia; Intelligent Lighting Lab, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Roufun Naher
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nikolett Arató
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE EötvösLoránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kaló
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE EötvösLoránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Laksmita OD, Chung MH, Shieh YY, Chang PC. Psychometric Validation of the Indonesian Version of Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale 13. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17069. [PMID: 36554952 PMCID: PMC9778705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A psychometric evaluation of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale 13 (CRIES-13), which measures the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was conducted. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt and test the psychometric qualities of the CRIES-13 that was applied to Indonesian adolescents exposed to COVID-19 risk across gender groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a junior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in May 2022; 346 Indonesian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years completed the Indonesian version of the CRIES-13. The factorial validity results supported the scale's three-factor structure (intrusion, avoidance, and arousal), which satisfied all parameter index requirements and exhibited a favorable level of internal consistency reliability. Excellent results were obtained across genders for the four-level measurement of invariance (i.e., configural, metric, scalar, and full invariance), and they met the recommended criteria. Our Cronbach's alphas and composite reliability ratings were high (>0.7), indicating a strong correlation and reliability of the items for measuring each construct. We strongly support the use of the Indonesian CRIES-13, which was demonstrated to be valid and reliable for an adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okki Dhona Laksmita
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Yann Shieh
- Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Service, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC 20202-2800, USA
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Gkentzi D, Mhliordos K, Karatza A, Sinopidis X, Dimopoulou D, Eleftheriou E, Tsolia M, Mavridi A, Miliara E, Papaevangelou V, Vergadi E, Galanakis E, Dimitriou G, Fouzas S. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Admission on Families: Results from a Nationwide Sample in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121933. [PMID: 36553376 PMCID: PMC9777457 DOI: 10.3390/children9121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the psychological impact of hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and their offspring. We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study in Greece based on an Internet questionnaire survey. A convenience sample of parents whose offspring had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 (including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, MIS-C), diagnosed with COVID-19 but not hospitalized, and hospitalized for another reason during the pandemic were enrolled. Parental stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) tools, and childhood mental wellbeing with the Children’s Revised Impact of Event 13 (CRIES-13) scale. Out of 214 received responses, stress levels were significantly higher in parents whose children had been admitted for COVID-19 or MIS-C versus those not admitted or admitted for other reasons (p < 0.001, for PSS/IES-R). Parental and childhood stress levels were correlated. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, children’s hospitalization because of COVID-19 or MIS-C, younger parental age, the existence of comorbidities, and another family member’s hospitalization because of COVID-19 were independent factors for higher stress. In light of the above, stricter hospital admission criteria for COVID-19 could be implemented, and psychological support for eventually admitted families may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mhliordos
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
| | - Ageliki Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
| | - Xenophon Sinopidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dimopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, P. and A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Eleftheriou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, P. and A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsolia
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, P. and A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Mavridi
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Miliara
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Papaevangelou
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Vergadi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Galanakis
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece
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Measuring Traumatic Reactions in Palestinian Children: A Psychometric Assessment of the Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-Arabic Version (CRIES-13A). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33385256 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the measurement model and measurement invariance of the Impact of Event Scale (Arabic version) in a large sample of Palestinian children. We estimated (Study 1; n = 610) the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2 (n = 864), we conducted multigroup (girls and boys) tests of measurement invariance. We pooled the data collected from the participants in the first two studies (Study 3, N = 1474) to assess overall score reliability, as well as the IES' convergent and divergent validity vis-à-vis other measures of child wellbeing and mental health. The outcomes of the statistical analyses supported an invariant 13-item measurement model (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal) for CRIES-13A. Intrusion and hyper-arousal together made up a first-order domain of symptoms (re-experiencing). The combined findings of these studies suggest that the CRIES-13A displays robust psychometric properties and may be used in contexts of military violence.
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El-Khani A, Cartwright K, Maalouf W, Haar K, Zehra N, Çokamay-Yılmaz G, Calam R. Enhancing Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) with Parenting Skills: RCT of TRT + Parenting with Trauma-Affected Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Utilising Remote Training with Implications for Insecure Contexts and COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168652. [PMID: 34444403 PMCID: PMC8394916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Child psychosocial recovery interventions in humanitarian contexts often overlook the significant effect that caregivers can have on improving children’s future trajectory. We enhanced the well-established, evidenced-based child trauma recovery programme Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) intervention with parenting sessions, i.e., TRT + Parenting (TRT + P), which aims to improve parent mental health and their ability to support their children’s mental health. We describe the findings of a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing enhanced TRT + P vs. TRT and waitlist. The primary aim was to test if children in the enhanced arm of the programme show improved child and caregiver mental health. We recruited 119 Syrian refugee children and one of their caregivers in Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. They were randomised to the TRT, TRT + P, or waitlist control group. Data were collected at baseline and 2 weeks and 12 weeks post intervention. Training of facilitators was via remote training from the United Kingdom. Results showed a highly consistent pattern, with children in the enhanced TRT + P group showing the greatest levels of improvement in behavioural and emotional difficulties compared to children in the TRT or waitlist control groups. Caregivers in the TRT + P group also reported significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings indicate that the addition of the evidence-based parenting skills components has the potential to enhance the effects of interventions designed to improve children’s mental health in contexts of trauma, conflict, and displacement. Implications for COVID-19 remote learning are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala El-Khani
- Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division of Operations, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (W.M.); (K.H.)
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kim Cartwright
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Research and Innovation Office, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Wadih Maalouf
- Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division of Operations, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (W.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Karin Haar
- Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division of Operations, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (W.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Nosheen Zehra
- Global Mental Health and Cultural Psychiatry Research Group, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | | | - Rachel Calam
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
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The Role of Online Schooling, Screen-Based Activities, and Parent Coping in Canadian Children’s COVID-19-Related Trauma and Anxiety Symptoms. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of online schooling and screen-based activities on Canadian children’s COVID-19-related trauma and generalized anxiety symptoms and how parents’ coping strategies influenced these associations. The participants were 121 Canadian children aged from 7 to 12. Parents were asked to report on their children’s school attendance, screen-based activities, and trauma and generalized anxiety symptoms, as well as their own coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online schooling was associated with less trauma and generalized anxiety symptoms in children than school non-attendance. Screen-based activities were not directly associated with children’s trauma and anxiety symptoms, but the way parents coped with pandemic stressors moderated these associations. Parents’ active and adaptive coping strategies mitigated the effects of school non-attendance and increased screen-based activity use on children’s COVID-19-related symptoms. The findings not only highlight the detrimental effects of complete school closures, but they also underscore the importance of better equipping parents to cope with pandemic stressors. The findings also suggest that virtual school attendance might have similar benefits to in-person attendance, as it appears to protect against adverse mental health outcomes.
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Pereira J, Vagos P, Fonseca A, Moreira H, Canavarro MC, Rijo D. The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale: Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance in a Sample of Children and Adolescents Exposed to Wildfires. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:35-45. [PMID: 33245801 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters are potentially traumatic events due to their disruptive nature and high impact on social and physical environments, particularly for children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) in a sample of Portuguese children and adolescents exposed to a specific type of natural disaster (i.e., wildfire). The sample was recruited at six school units of the Central region of Portugal following wildfires in the summer of 2017 and included children and adolescents without a clinical diagnosis of a psychopathological condition associated with exposure to the traumatic event (i.e., nonclinical sample, n = 486) and those with a clinical diagnosis of a trauma- and/or stress-related disorder (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], adjustment disorder, separation anxiety disorder, or grief; clinical sample, n = 54). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a two-factor model (i.e., Intrusion/Arousal and Avoidance) provided a better fit than a three-factor model (i.e., Intrusion, Arousal, and Avoidance) and was found to be invariant across gender and age groups. The CRIES-13 showed good reliability for all subscales, with Cronbach's αs > .79. Higher CRIES-13 scores were associated with poorer health and well-being and more internalizing and externalizing problems. The clinical sample presented with significantly higher CRIES-13 scores than the nonclinical sample, ηp 2 = .13. These results contribute to the cross-cultural validation of the CRIES-13 and support its use as a reliable and valid measure for assessing posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Vagos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.,Portucalense Institute for Human Development (INPP), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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Durbeej N, McDiarmid S, Sarkadi A, Feldman I, Punamäki RL, Kankaanpää R, Andersen A, Hilden PK, Verelst A, Derluyn I, Osman F. Evaluation of a school-based intervention to promote mental health of refugee youth in Sweden (The RefugeesWellSchool Trial): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:98. [PMID: 33509268 PMCID: PMC7841907 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweden is home to a large and growing population of refugee youths who may be at risk of mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, there is a need for interventions that address mental health problems in these populations. Schools have been identified as an ideal setting for delivering such interventions as they offer a non-stigmatizing space and are often central to young refugees' social networks. The RefugeesWellSchool trial in Sweden will investigate an intervention comprising two programmes: Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) and In-service Teacher Training (INSETT), delivered in a school setting, among refugee youth. TRT is a group-based programme for children and adolescents, informed by Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). INSETT is a multi-module course for teachers providing information on trauma and the refugee experience to build teachers' cultural competence and capacity for supporting refugee youths in schools. METHODS This trial employs a cluster randomized-control design with two arms: (1) the intervention arm in which the TRT and INSETT programmes are offered (n = 350), (2) the wait-list control arm (n = 350) in which services are provided as usual until the TRT and INSETT programmes are offered approximately six months later. Data will be collected prior to the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and at three months post-intervention. Outcomes for the trial arms will be compared using linear mixed models or ANCOVA repeated measures as well as the Reliable Change Index (RCI). DISCUSSION This study will provide knowledge about the effectiveness of an intervention comprising two programmes: a group-based programme for youth reporting symptoms of PTSD and a training course for teachers, in order to build their competence and ability to support refugee youths in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN48178969 , Retrospectively registered 20/12/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Durbeej
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 753 27 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serena McDiarmid
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 753 27 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 753 27 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inna Feldman
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 753 27 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raija-Leena Punamäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, FI- 30014, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reeta Kankaanpää
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, FI- 30014, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arnfinn Andersen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NO-0409 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Hilden
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NO-0409 Oslo, Norway
| | - An Verelst
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fatumo Osman
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, 753 27 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
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Amin R, Nadeem E, Iqbal K, Asadullah MA, Hussain B. Support for Students Exposed to Trauma (SSET) Program: An Approach for Building Resilience and Social Support Among Flood-Impacted Children. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The flood disaster of 9th-10th September 2014 wreaked havoc in the Jammu and Kashmir region of India. Incessant rains and deluge claimed 283 lives and damaged 2.53 lakh houses. This article presents the findings of the psychosocial care team from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India, during the early phase of disaster. MATERIALS AND METHODS The team assessed posttraumatic stress symptoms of 64 child survivors from six villages of two districts struck by floods using Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES)-8 and qualitative narrations. RESULTS Children showed high levels of intrusion and avoidance in the aftermath of floods. Both boys and girls showed moderate to severe level of psychological impact on the domains of CRIES-8. The narrations by the children centred on the theme of "water" and "enjoyment in seeing lots of water;" followed by "fearing of the parent's life," later on "fear of their own life," and subsequently to avoidance to go near the river and nightmares like "floating in the water." CONCLUSION Disasters immensely impact children because of their particular stage of psychological and social development. This highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to minimize the impact of disasters on children at the earliest using simple psychosocial care techniques by employing available community-based manpower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Ul Hassan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, K.D. Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kasi Sekar
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Improving mental health among ultra-poor children: Two-year outcomes of a cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso. Soc Sci Med 2018; 208:180-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Magalhães SDS, Miranda DK, Paula JJD, Miranda DMD, Romano-Silva MA, Malloy-Diniz LF. Psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ismayilova L, Gaveras E, Blum A, Tô-Camier A, Nanema R. Maltreatment and Mental Health Outcomes among Ultra-Poor Children in Burkina Faso: A Latent Class Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164790. [PMID: 27764155 PMCID: PMC5072722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research about the mental health of children in Francophone West Africa is scarce. This paper examines the relationships between adverse childhood experiences, including exposure to violence and exploitation, and mental health outcomes among children living in ultra-poverty in rural Burkina Faso. Methods This paper utilizes baseline data collected from 360 children ages 10–15 and 360 of their mothers recruited from twelve impoverished villages in the Nord Region of Burkina, located near the Sahel Desert and affected by extreme food insecurity. We used a Latent Class Analysis to identify underlying patterns of maltreatment. Further, the relationships between latent classes and mental health outcomes were tested using mixed effected regression models adjusted for clustering within villages. Results About 15% of the children in the study scored above the clinical cut-off for depression, 17.8% for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 6.4% for low self-esteem. The study identified five distinct sub-groups (or classes) of children based on their exposure to adverse childhood experiences. Children with the highest exposure to violence at home, at work and in the community (Abused and Exploited class) and children not attending school and working for other households, often away from their families (External Laborer class), demonstrated highest symptoms of depression and trauma. Despite living in adverse conditions and working to assist families, the study also identified a class of children who were not exposed to any violence at home or at work (Healthy and Non-abused class). Children in this class demonstrated significantly higher self-esteem (b = 0.92, SE = 0.45, p<0.05) and lower symptoms of trauma (b = -3.90, SE = 1.52, p<0.05). Conclusions This study offers insight into the psychological well-being of children in the context of ultra-poverty in Burkina Faso and associated context-specific adverse childhood experiences. Identifying specific sub-groups of children with increased exposure to life stressors has implications for program developers. Study findings indicate a further need to explore the mental health consequences of traumatic experiences within the context of ultra-poverty and to develop integrated economic and psychosocial interventions that prevent or mitigate childhood adversities linked with the family-level poverty and violence in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Ismayilova
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eleni Gaveras
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Austin Blum
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
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Close C, Kouvonen A, Bosqui T, Patel K, O’Reilly D, Donnelly M. The mental health and wellbeing of first generation migrants: a systematic-narrative review of reviews. Global Health 2016; 12:47. [PMID: 27558472 PMCID: PMC4997738 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-016-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First generation migrants are reportedly at higher risk of mental ill-health compared to the settled population. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes all reviews on the mental health of first generation migrants in order to appraise the risk factors for, and explain differences in, the mental health of this population. METHODS Scientific databases were searched for systematic reviews (inception-November 2015) which provided quantitative data on the mental ill-health of first generation migrants and associated risk factors. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text papers for their suitability against pre-specified criteria, methodological quality was assessed. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred twenty articles were identified, eight met inclusion criteria, which were all moderate or low quality. Depression was mostly higher in first generation migrants in general, and in refugees/asylum seekers when analysed separately. However, for both groups there was wide variation in prevalence rates, from 5 to 44 % compared with prevalence rates of 8-12 % in the general population. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder prevalence was higher for both first generation migrants in general and for refugees/asylum seekers compared with the settled majority. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder prevalence in first generation migrants in general and refugees/ asylum seekers ranged from 9 to 36 % compared with reported prevalence rates of 1-2 % in the general population. Few studies presented anxiety prevalence rates in first generation migrants and there was wide variation in those that did. Prevalence ranged from 4 to 40 % compared with reported prevalence of 5 % in the general population. Two reviews assessed the psychotic disorder risk, reporting this was two to three times more likely in adult first generation migrants. However, one review on the risk of schizophrenia in refugees reported similar prevalence rates (2 %) to estimates of prevalence among the settled majority (3 %). Risk factors for mental ill-health included low Gross National Product in the host country, downward social mobility, country of origin, and host country. CONCLUSION First generation migrants may be at increased risk of mental illness and public health policy must account for this and influencing factors. High quality research in the area is urgently needed as is the use of culturally specific validated measurement tools for assessing migrant mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Close
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tania Bosqui
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
| | - Kishan Patel
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Dermot O’Reilly
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Abstract
Children exposed to disasters are a vulnerable population, making the assessment of children post-disaster an important issue. Utilizing a Multiple Gating Stepped Care framework, we highlight recent literature related to post-disaster assessment and intervention for children. In particular, we focus on screening, clinical evaluation, and feedback-informed service delivery. Screening allows large populations of children to be assessed at a relatively low cost. Children identified by screening as being at risk may then be assessed through more in-depth clinical evaluations, in order to assess clinical symptoms, strengths, and stressors, and to make determinations about appropriate interventions. Continued assessment during therapy provides important feedback for the delivery of appropriate care. New formats for assessment, as well as issues related to identifying sources for assessment, are discussed. Recommendations for future directions are provided.
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Deeba F, Rapee RM. Prevalence of traumatic events and risk for psychological symptoms among community and at-risk children and adolescents from Bangladesh. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2015; 20:218-224. [PMID: 32680344 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from developing countries are more vulnerable to traumatic experiences and more likely to suffer a range of psychological problems than children from developed countries. METHOD The current paper describes a survey of 1360 children and adolescents from Bangladesh who were selected either from the general community or through a range of social service organizations. Children completed a checklist of traumatic events and questionnaires to assess symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. RESULTS Children from both samples reported high levels of exposure to traumatic events, both via direct experience and indirectly. Direct experiences with intentional, man-made events were more frequently reported by children from support services while trauma from natural disasters was more common among community children. Psychological symptoms were significantly higher within children from social support services. The strongest predictors of psychological symptoms were age, gender, sample source and exposure to man-made direct traumas. CONCLUSION The results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and their emotional consequences among children and adolescents from Bangladesh and indicate the need to develop effective and accessible mental health services for Bangladeshi children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Deeba
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, C3A 721, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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Deeba F, Rapee RM, Prvan T. Psychometric properties of two measures of childhood internalizing problems in a Bangladeshi sample. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 54:214-32. [PMID: 25522662 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to assist mental health services in developing countries, a key issue is the availability of psychometrically sound, brief, and cost-effective measures that have been tested within the relevant context. The present study was designed to evaluate within a young Bangladeshi population, the psychometric properties of two widely used Western measures of internalizing distress in young people: the short form of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire. METHOD The sample included 1,360 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years (M = 12.3 years, SD = 2.12) recruited from six districts of Bangladesh, including both community and emotionally at-risk participants. A total of 179 children were re-tested on the measures within 3-4 weeks. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses showed single-factor structures for both scales in the total sample and in both community and at-risk participants separately. Multiple group analyses across gender and age-group within the at-risk and community samples showed that the single-factor structure was suitable regardless of subgroup. Analyses also indicated acceptable internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity for both scales. CONCLUSION The two measures show promise as brief, reliable, and valid instruments for the assessment of internalizing distress among young people from Bangla-speaking communities. PRACTITIONER POINTS Positive clinical implications: These two measures of internalizing distress in young people showed solid psychometric properties within samples collected from various parts of Bangladesh. The measures can therefore be used to assess anxiety and depression in Bangla-speaking youth. These measures should be of value in both clinical settings and at a community level to assess the need for services. Cautions and limitations: Resource limitations did not allow comparison against diagnostic criteria and therefore cut-off scores to indicate clinical status among Bangladeshi youth will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Deeba
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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