1
|
Carrasco-Fernández L, García-Sillero M, Jurado-Castro JM, Borroto-Escuela DO, García-Romero J, Benítez-Porres J. Influence of limb dominance on body and jump asymmetries in elite female handball. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19280. [PMID: 37935963 PMCID: PMC10630346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Handball is a team sport subjected to asymmetric actions that require high physical capacity demands on players. The development of large asymmetries could negatively affect sports performance. However, few studies have analyzed body composition and the force asymmetries in elite female handball players. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of asymmetries based on limb dominance in body composition parameters and lower limb power in jumping performances in an elite women's handball team. An entire elite women's handball team, comprised by of 14 players, was analyzed. Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance were used to analyze body composition. Force plates were used to evaluate jump performance. Results show the presence of differences between all the players in the different parameters of the CMJ jump. In addition, an asymmetry between the power of the dominant and non-dominant lower limb was observed between the players. The results show differences in muscle mass between the upper limbs, but not in the lower limbs in terms of both muscle and fat mass. However, there were no crossed asymmetries or significant differences between members based on dominance. The results suggest that the presence of asymmetries does not have to be one of the main parameters to be taken into account by coaches in elite athletes and to highlight the importance of including specific analyzes of body composition and sports performance in an individualized way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrasco-Fernández
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Sillero
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Universitaria de Osuna, Teaching Center Attached to the University of Seville, 41640, Seville, Spain
| | - Dasiel Oscar Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerónimo García-Romero
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Couto EDO, Marano D, Amaral YNDVD, Moreira MEL. Predictive models of newborn body composition: a systematic review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 41:e2020365. [PMID: 36921160 PMCID: PMC10014017 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prediction models of fat-free mass and fat mass of neonates who had air displacement plethysmography as a reference test. DATA SOURCE A systematic review of studies identified in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases was carried out. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used for inclusion of studies, the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) report was used to select only predictive models studies, and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias in the models. DATA SYNTHESIS This study is registered in PROSPERO with identification CRD42020175048. Five hundred and three studies were found during the searches, and only four papers (six models) were eligible. Most studies (three) used the sum of different skinfolds to predict neonatal body fat and all presented weight as the variable with the highest contribution to predicting neonatal body composition. Two models that used skinfolds showed high coefficients of determination and explained, significantly, 81% of the body fat measured by air displacement plethysmography, while the models using bioimpedance did not find a significant correlation between the impedance index and the fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS The few studies found on this topic had numerous methodological differences. However, the subscapular skinfold was a strong predictor of neonatal body fat in three studies. It is noteworthy that such model validation studies should be carried out in the future, allowing them to be subsequently applied to the population. The development of these models with low-cost tools will contribute to better nutritional monitoring of children and could prevent complications in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa de Oliveira Couto
- Instituto Nacional da Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Ferreira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Marano
- Instituto Nacional da Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Ferreira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anthropometric Indices as Predictive Screening Tools for Obesity in Adults; The Need to Define Sex-Specific Cut-Off Points for Anthropometric Indices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of full agreement as to the best indicators for obesity diagnosis and type, the aim of this study was to assess the comparative classification capabilities with the use of BIA results and selected anthropometric indices in individuals aged 20–60 years. This was a cross-sectional observational study among 368 Caucasian subjects aged 20–60 years. Body size and four skinfolds measurement were taken. To assess individual body composition, the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method was applied. The results of fat mass (FM, kg) and fat-free mass (FFM, kg) were taken to calculate FM/FFM, fat mass index (FMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to compare the predictive power of different anthropometric indices in differentiating the classification of obesity in adults. The results of this study demonstrated and confirmed the need to change the approach to commonly used indicators such as BMI (body mass index) or WHtR (waist-to-height ratio), which should lead to the establishment of new criteria for the diagnosis of obesity that will also be sex-specific, in the adult population. The measurement of body fat content should become a generally accepted indicator for effective diagnosis, as well as for screening, of obesity.
Collapse
|
4
|
João GA, Almeida GPL, Tavares LD, Kalva-Filho CA, Carvas Junior N, Pontes FL, Baker JS, Bocalini DS, Figueira AJ. Acute Behavior of Oxygen Consumption, Lactate Concentrations, and Energy Expenditure During Resistance Training: Comparisons Among Three Intensities. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:797604. [PMID: 34977570 PMCID: PMC8714826 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.797604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the oxygen consumption, lactate concentrations, and energy expenditure using three different intensities during the resistance training sessions. Methods: A total of 15 men (22.9 ± 2.61 years) experienced in resistance training underwent 3 sessions composed of 8 exercises (chest press, pec deck, squat, lat pull-down, biceps curl, triceps extension, hamstring curl, and crunch machine), which were applied in the same order. The weight lifted differed among the sessions [high session: 6 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); intermediary session: 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-RM; and low session: 2 sets of 15 repetitions at 60% of 1-RM]. The oxygen consumption (VO2)—during and after (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)) the session, blood lactate concentration, and energy expenditure (i.e., the sum of aerobic and anaerobic contributions, respectively) were assessed. Results: The VO2 significantly decreased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 17.02; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.32). However, the aerobic contributions significantly increase in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 79.18; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The anaerobic contributions were not different among the sessions (p > 0.05; ηG2 < 0.01). Thus, the total energy expenditure during the session (kcal) significantly increased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 86.68; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The energy expenditure expressed in time unit (kcal·min−1) was higher in low session than in high session (F(2.28) = 6.20; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.15). Conclusion: The weight lifted during resistance training-induced different physiological responses, which induced higher energy expenditure per unit of time during the low session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. João
- Department of Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Metropolitanas Unidas College, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. L. Almeida
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gustavo P. L. Almeida
| | - Lucas D. Tavares
- Department of Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Metropolitanas Unidas College, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Carvas Junior
- Department of Evidence-Based Health, Brazilian Cochrane Center, University Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L. Pontes
- Physical Activity and Aging Laboratory, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danilo S. Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Aylton J. Figueira
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martínez-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Vicente-Martínez M, Martínez-Olcina M, Miralles-Amorós L, Sánchez-Sáez JA. Anthropometric Dimensions and Bone Quality in International Male Beach Handball Players: Junior vs. Senior Comparison. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061817. [PMID: 34071780 PMCID: PMC8226998 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beach handball is a recent team sport characterized by defensive and offensive actions on a sand surface. Scientific evidence has shown that body composition is fundamental in sports performance. The main objective of this study was to know the body composition, anthropometric characteristics, and bone mineral density of elite beach handball players. Furthermore, another purpose was to analyze the differences between categories (junior and senior) and playing position. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 36 male players (18 juniors and 18 seniors) of the Spanish National Beach Handball Team was conducted. Full profile anthropometry and calcaneal ultrasound measurements were used. Results: Significant differences between categories (p < 0.05) were found in: height, body mass, arm span, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, skinfolds, and body perimeters. The somatotype changes depending on the playing position. Bone mineral density of the players was adequate. No significant differences were found by playing position. Conclusions: Senior players had a better body composition due to the presence of less fat mass than junior players. This study provides reference values of elite junior and senior beach handball players and by playing positions. This data is useful for the identification of talents and players who should be trained to improve their body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.-R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.M.-R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Manuel Vicente-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Science, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
| | - Laura Miralles-Amorós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonilla DA, De León LG, Alexander-Cortez P, Odriozola-Martínez A, Herrera-Amante CA, Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL. Simple anthropometry-based calculations to monitor body composition in athletes: Scoping review and reference values. Nutr Health 2021; 28:95-109. [PMID: 33792415 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinanthropometry offers to exercise and health professionals a standardized procedure of acquiring surface anatomical measurements that might be used to track changes in body composition. AIM To describe simple anthropometric indices to monitor body composition changes in amateur and elite athletes, and to provide reference values during the competition phase. METHODS A search of articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and SciELO databases using the string body composition AND (anthropometric OR skinfolds OR circumferences OR girth OR estimation equation) AND "body fat". Inclusion criteria were: quantitative and/or qualitative research published between 2009 and 2020, written in English or Spanish, reporting simple anthropometric indices that included skinfolds, girths, or basic measures in amateur and elite athletes. RESULTS A total of 51 studies (Price's index = 66.4%) met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. Contrary to the frequent practice, the use of a regression equation might not be accurate to evaluate body composition. To avoid this, anthropometrists should base their analysis on the absolute values of the sum of skinfolds (∑S) and related variables, such as skinfold-corrected girths and lean mass index. While not definitive, because further research is required, the practical recommendations and updated reference values in competition phase provided by this review would contribute to the accurate identification of body composition changes. CONCLUSIONS ∑S and lean mass index have been shown to be valid for monitoring changes in fat mass and fat-free mass, respectively. More research is needed to derive the lean mass index-specific coefficient for each sports population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, DBSS International, Colombia.,Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia.,kDNA Genomics®, 200145University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Lidia G De León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, 27763Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Division, DBSS International, Colombia.,Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavedon V, Sandri M, Venturelli M, Zancanaro C, Milanese C. Anthropometric Prediction of DXA-Measured Percentage of Fat Mass in Athletes With Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:620040. [PMID: 33424643 PMCID: PMC7786292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.620040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no anthropometric equation specific to athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation to estimate the percentage of fat mass (%FM). This study investigated the accuracy of a set of anthropometric equations validated on able-bodied populations to predict the %FM assessed by-means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation. Furthermore, a predictive anthropometric equation specific to athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation was developed from skinfold thickness measurements using DXA as the reference method for the estimation of the %FM. Twenty-nine white male athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation underwent a DXA scan and an anthropometric assessment on the same day. The %FM, calculated through several existing anthropometric equations validated upon able-bodied populations, was compared with the DXA-measured %FM (%FM_DXA). Accuracy and agreement between the two methods was computed with two-tailed paired-sample t-test, concordance correlation coefficient, reduced major axis regression and Bland-Altman analysis. A stepwise multiple regression analysis with the %FM_DXA as the dependent variable and age and nine skinfold thicknesses as potential predictors was carried out and validated using a repeated 10-fold cross-validation. A linear regression analysis with the sum of nine skinfolds as the independent variable was also carried out and validated using a repeated 10-fold cross-validation. The results showed that the anthropometric equations validated on able-bodied populations are inaccurate in the estimation of %FM_DXA with an average bias ranging from 0.51 to -13.70%. Proportional bias was also found revealing that most of the anthropometric equations considered, tended to underestimate/overestimate the %FM_DXA as body fat increased. Regression analysis produced two statistically significant models (P < 0.001 for both) which were able to predict more than 93% of total variance of %FM_DXA from the values of four skinfold measurements (i.e., thigh, abdominal, subscapular and axillary skinfold measurements) or from the sum of 9 skinfolds. Repeated cross-validation analysis highlighted a good predictive performance of the proposed equations. The predictive equations proposed in this study represent a useful tool for clinicians, nutritionists, and physical conditioners to evaluate the physical and nutritional status of athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation directly in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cichy I, Dudkowski A, Kociuba M, Ignasiak Z, Sebastjan A, Kochan K, Koziel S, Rokita A, Malina RM. Sex Differences in Body Composition Changes after Preseason Training in Elite Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113880. [PMID: 32486202 PMCID: PMC7312478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the estimated body composition of elite female and male Polish handball players during a five-week preseason training camp. Height and weight were measured, while body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance in 18 male and 17 female handball players before and after the five-week training protocol. Components of body composition included total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), and absolute and relative fat mass (FM). Weight and body mass index (BMI) did not change in males, but declined in females after five weeks of training. FM and %FM declined, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased significantly after training in both males and females. In contrast, comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in weight, the BMI and body composition in males and females, respectively, suggested that estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased relatively more in females than in males, while FM and %FM decline relatively more in males than females. Overall, the five-week preseason training program modified the body composition of male and female handball players. FM and %FM decreased, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased, in both males and females after the preseason training program. Comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in body composition in males and females suggested sexual dimorphism in response to intensive preseason training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Cichy
- Department of Team Sport Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.C.); (A.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrzej Dudkowski
- Department of Team Sport Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.C.); (A.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Marek Kociuba
- Department of Physical Education, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00–908 Warsawa, Poland;
| | - Zofia Ignasiak
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (Z.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Sebastjan
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (Z.I.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Kochan
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland; (Z.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Slawomir Koziel
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Sport Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.C.); (A.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Robert M. Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Main Building (MAI), 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dunne A, Warrington G, McGoldrick A, Pugh J, Harrison M, O'Connor S, O'Loughlin G, Cullen S. Estimation of Body Fat Percentage in Jockeys: Implications for a Weight Category Sport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:511-525. [PMID: 32509123 PMCID: PMC7241636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of body composition in horse racing, a unique weight-restricted sport, provides an important health and performance indicator. The accuracy of skinfold prediction equations at estimating % body fat (% BF) was compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data in a group of professional Irish jockeys (age 27.5 ± 7.7 years). Body composition was assessed in seventy-two male professional jockeys (flat n=35 and national hunt n=37) using standardised guidelines for skinfold thickness at 8 sites and DXA body fat assessment. Hydration status was assessed using urine specific gravity (Usg) to determine if participants were euhydrated and male specific prediction equations (Durnin and Womersley, Evans, Lohman, Reilly, Withers and Zemski) were selected to estimate % BF. Jockey-group specific equations were developed using the collected dataset. The selected equations underestimated % BF with variability between equations ranging from 7% to 10% compared to the DXA % BF of 15%. Flat jockeys were significantly lighter and shorter (p < 0.05) compared to national hunt jockeys resulting in the need for individual jockey-specific equations. The Flat and National Hunt Jockey specific equations demonstrated overall agreement accounting for 84% and 83% variance, respectively. Caution must be taken when using existing prediction equations due to the variability of % BF relative to DXA. Jockey-specific equations offer an alternative method for interpreting estimated body fat %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dunne
- Department of Sport & Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology
| | - Giles Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick
| | | | | | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Sport & Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - Sarahjane Cullen
- Department of Sport & Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gender-Specific Body Composition Relationships between Adipose Tissue Distribution and Peak Bone Mineral Density in Young Chinese Adults. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6724749. [PMID: 32337266 PMCID: PMC7152964 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6724749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationships between adipose tissue distribution and peak bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the body composition associations between fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), regional adipose tissue distribution, and peak BMD across a cohort of young Chinese adults. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on 786 men and 825 women aged from 20 to 40 years old to measure the markers for whole-body LM, FM, and BMD in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) areas. The android/gynoid FM ratio (A/G FMR) based on the DXA scans was calculated as an indicator of adipose tissue distribution. Pearson's correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the body composition relationships between adipose tissue distribution and BMD of each skeletal site. Results The body composition characteristics were different in young males and females: a higher body FM percentage was found in females, while males had higher LM and A/G FMR. The markers for WBLM and WBFM had significant positive correlations with BMD among the linear regression analyses in both genders, while the relationships between A/G FMR and BMD were different in males and females; significant inverse associations were showed in all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from -0.266 to -0.170, P < 0.001 for all), but no significant relationships were found in men except for an inverse association in the LS skeletal site (standard β with -0.115, P = 0.016). Conclusions In this sample of young Chinese adults, both whole-body lean mass and fat mass had significant positive relationships with BMD in both genders. The A/G FMR, as an indicator of central adipose tissue distribution, was inversely associated with BMD, especially in females.
Collapse
|
11
|
Leal LLA, Barbosa GSL, Ferreira RLU, Avelino EB, Bezerra AN, Vale SHDL, Maciel BLL. Cross-validation of prediction equations for estimating body composition in ballet dancers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219045. [PMID: 31265484 PMCID: PMC6605673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In sports related to low body weight, such as classical ballet, the assessment of body composition is important for monitoring performance and health status. This study aimed to cross-validate anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) predictive equations for estimating body composition of non-professional classical ballet dancers, using dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Materials and methods Thirty-seven female non-professional classical dancers (median age of 19 years), at intermediate/advanced level, were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Body composition was evaluated by DXA, anthropometry and tetrapolar BIA. Twenty different predictive equations of anthropometry (n = 8) and BIA (n = 12) were used to estimate Body Fat (BF) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM), testing their validity against DXA using the Bland-Altman statistics. Results For BF estimated by anthropometry equations, just one equation showed agreement with DXA (r = 0.852, p < 0.0005; p = 0.600 for one sample T-test). According to the Bland-Altman analysis, this equation also showed validity, with the absence of proportional bias. Regarding the predictive BIA equations tested, none were valid for our study group. Conclusion Only one of the anthropometric equations, the one proposed by Durnin and Womerley (1974), but none of the BIA equations analyzed, was valid for the evaluation of body composition of the studied classical dancers. Our results emphasize the importance of previous cross-validation of existing equations or the development of specific equations for body composition assessment in specific populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilane Lilian Araújo Leal
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erikarla Baracho Avelino
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriana Nunes Bezerra
- Endocrinology Department, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cossio Bolaños MA, Andruske CL, de Arruda M, Sulla-Torres J, Urra-Albornoz C, Rivera-Portugal M, Luarte-Rocha C, Pacheco-Carrillo J, Gómez-Campos R. Muscle Mass in Children and Adolescents: Proposed Equations and Reference Values for Assessment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 31555209 PMCID: PMC6722176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop regression equations to estimate LM with anthropometric variables and to propose percentiles for evaluating by age and sex. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 2,182 Chilean students (1,347 males and 835 females). Ages ranged from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. A total body scan was carried out with the double energy X-ray anthropometry (DXA) to examine and measure lean muscle mass of the entire body. Weight, height, and the circumference of the relaxed right arm were also measured. Results: Four anthropometric equations were generated to predict lean mass for both sexes (R 2 = 83-88%, SEE = 3.7-5.0%, precision = 0.90-0.93, and accuracy = 0.99). The Lambda-mu-sigma method was used to obtain the sex-specific and age-specific percentile curves of lean mass (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95, and p97). Conclusion: The four proposed equations were acceptable in terms of precision and accuracy to estimate lean mass in children and adolescents. The percentiles were created by means of anthropometric equations and real values for DXA. These are fundamental tools for monitoring LM in Chilean children and adolescents of both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Cossio Bolaños
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- *Correspondence: Marco A. Cossio Bolaños
| | | | - Miguel de Arruda
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Urra-Albornoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Departamento de Diversidad e Inclusividad Educativa, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Rossana Gómez-Campos
| |
Collapse
|