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Rahut DB, Mishra R, Bera S. Geospatial and environmental determinants of stunting, wasting, and underweight: Empirical evidence from rural South and Southeast Asia. Nutrition 2024; 120:112346. [PMID: 38320385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child malnutrition, comprising of undernutrition and obesity, is a global concern with severe implications for survival, leading to acute and chronic diseases that adversely affect the productivity of individuals and society. Asia shoulders the greatest burden, with 7 out of 10 undernourished children residing in the region. Despite the decline in global child stunting, particularly in Asia, its prevalence remains significant. In 2017, an estimated 151 million children under five experienced stunting, and an additional 38 million were overweight, with Africa and Asia accounting for 25% and 46% of the global figures, respectively. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the geospatial and environmental determinants of undernutrition in rural South and Southeast Asia. METHODS To explore the geospatial and environmental determinants of undernutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), we use Poisson regression and the data from recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Cambodia, and Timor-Leste. RESULTS This study found a high prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0 to 59 months in rural areas of South and Southeast Asia, with considerable variation between countries and clusters/primary sampling units. Results show a positive association between child malnutrition and factors such as maternal illiteracy, unsafe drinking water, and dirty cooking fuel in South and Southeast Asia. Children from impoverished households in India, Pakistan, and Cambodia were disproportionately affected. In addition to socio-economic factors, climatic risks such as temperature increase and rainfall variations also emerged as important determinants of child malnutrition in India, Bangladesh, and Timor-Leste. CONCLUSIONS This paper emphasizes the role of environmental and climatic factors on child nutrition, underscoring their significance regardless of socio-economic conditions. As the impacts of climate change continue to intensify, and agrarian societies bear the brunt, these factors will play a critical role in shaping child nutritional outcomes. Thus, amid growing climate change, nutritional security should be prioritized, considering the spatial domain and targeting climate distress areas along with other socio-economic and demographic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raman Mishra
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhasis Bera
- International School of Business and Media, Budge Budge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Haque MA, Choudhury N, Wahid BZ, Ahmed ST, Farzana FD, Ali M, Naz F, Siddiqua TJ, Rahman SS, Faruque A, Ahmed T. A predictive modelling approach to illustrate factors correlating with stunting among children aged 12-23 months: a cluster randomised pre-post study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067961. [PMID: 37185644 PMCID: PMC10151845 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to construct a predictive model in order to develop an intervention study to reduce the prevalence of stunting among children aged 12-23 months. DESIGN The study followed a cluster randomised pre-post design and measured the impacts on various indicators of livelihood, health and nutrition. The study was based on a large dataset collected from two cross-sectional studies (baseline and endline). SETTING The study was conducted in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh under the Sylhet division, which is vulnerable to both natural disasters and poverty. The study specifically targeted children between the ages of 12 and 23 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Childhood stunting, defined as a length-for-age z-score <-2, was the outcome variable in this study. Logistic and probit regression models and a decision tree were constructed to predict the factors associated with childhood stunting. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The baseline survey showed a prevalence of 52.7% stunting, while 50.0% were stunted at endline. Several factors were found to be associated with childhood stunting. The model's sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 56%, with a correctly classified rate of 59% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.615. CONCLUSION The study found that childhood stunting in the study area was correlated with several factors, including maternal nutrition and education, food insecurity and hygiene practices. Despite efforts to address these factors, they remain largely unchanged. The study suggests that a more effective approach may be developed in future to target adolescent mothers, as maternal nutrition and education are age-dependent variables. Policy makers and programme planners need to consider incorporating both nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific activities and enhancing collaboration in their efforts to improve the health of vulnerable rural populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RIDIE-STUDY-ID-5d5678361809b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahshanul Haque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat Choudhury
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sm Tanvir Ahmed
- Child Poverty Sector, Save the Children Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Ali
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farina Naz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Asg Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Xie Y, Lang D, Lin S, Chen F, Sang X, Gu P, Wu R, Li Z, Zhu X, Ji L. Mapping Maternal Health in the New Media Environment: A Scientometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13095. [PMID: 34948706 PMCID: PMC8700903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new media provides a convenient platform to access, use and exchange health information. And as a special group of health care, maternal health care is still of international concern due to their high mortality rate. Scientific research is a good way to provide advice on how to improve maternal health through stringent reasoning and accurate data. However, the dramatic increase of publications, the diversity of themes, and the dispersion of researchers may reduce the quality of information and increase the difficulty of selection. Thus, this study aims to analyze the research progress on maternal health under the global new media environment, exploring the current research hotspots and frontiers. METHODS A scientometric analysis was carried out by CiteSpace5.7.R1. In total, 2270 articles have been further analyzed to explore top countries and institutions, potential articles, research frontiers, and hotspots. RESULTS The publications ascended markedly, from 29 in 2008 to 472 publications by 2020. But there is still a lot of room to grow, and the growth rate does not conform to the Price's Law. Research centers concentrated in Latin America, such as the University of Toronto and the University of California. The work of Larsson M, Lagan BM and Tiedje L had high potential influence. Most of the research subjects were maternal and newborn babies, and the research frontiers were distributed in health education and psychological problems. Maternal mental health, nutrition, weight, production technology, and equipment were seemingly hotspots. CONCLUSION The new media has almost brought a new era for maternal health, mainly characterized by psychological qualities, healthy and reasonable physical conditions and advanced technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Xie
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.X.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (F.C.)
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Lang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.X.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (F.C.)
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuna Lin
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.X.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (F.C.)
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fangfei Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.X.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (F.C.)
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaodong Sang
- China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing 100039, China; (X.S.); (R.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Peng Gu
- China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Ruijun Wu
- China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing 100039, China; (X.S.); (R.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhifei Li
- China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing 100039, China; (X.S.); (R.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xuan Zhu
- School of Computer, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lu Ji
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.X.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (F.C.)
- Research Center for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
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Muhammad A, Shafiq Y, Nisar MI, Baloch B, Yazdani AT, Yazdani N, Jehan F. Nutritional support for lactating women with or without azithromycin for infants compared to breastfeeding counseling alone in improving the 6-month growth outcomes among infants of peri-urban slums in Karachi, Pakistan-the protocol for a multiarm assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (Mumta LW trial). Trials 2020; 21:756. [PMID: 32873314 PMCID: PMC7465410 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, 45% of under-five deaths are either directly or indirectly attributable to malnutrition, and most of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Children are particularly vulnerable in the first 6 months of life. An estimated 4.7 million infants under the age of 6 months are moderately wasted, whereas 3.8 million are severely wasted. Although the children of malnourished women have an increased risk of stunting and wasting, there is little information on this issue. Methods This is a community-based, open-label, multiarm randomized controlled trial that will include parallel group assignments with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio in low-income squatter settlements in urban Karachi, Pakistan. The women in the control group (control arm) will receive standard counseling only, whereas the lactating women in the first intervention group (intervention arm 1) will receive two sachets of balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation per day from enrollment until the infant reaches 6 months of age. The lactating women in the second intervention group (intervention arm 2) will receive the same BEP supplementation as those in intervention arm 1 while their babies will also receive a single stat dose (20 mg/kg orally) of azithromycin at 42 days. The primary outcome will be the relative length velocity from 0 to 6 months by intervention arm. The primary analysis will be intention-to-treat analysis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03564652. Registered on 21 June 2018
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Benazir Baloch
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Dietary patterns and their association with breast milk macronutrient composition among lactating women. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:52. [PMID: 32503555 PMCID: PMC7273657 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Breast milk is the optimal food for infant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between breast milk macronutrient composition with dietary pattern among lactating women. METHODS A total of 220 lactating women from 2011 to 2012 in Changsha, a city of south-central China, was recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Breast milk was collected, and the protein, fat, lactose, total dry matter, and energy contents of breast milk were measured. A 24 h recall method on three consecutive days was used to collect the dietary information of lactating women and an exploratory factor analysis was performed was to identify dietary patterns. The association between the concentration of a breast milk component and dietary pattern was assessed using a multivariable linear regression model. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns were classified. Lactating women with dietary pattern 1 mainly ate fresh vegetables and fresh legumes. Those with dietary pattern 2 mainly ate red meat, cereals and eggs, and those with dietary pattern 3 mainly ate fungi and algae, dries legumes and soy milk. Pattern 2 was positively associated with the concentration of protein (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.00, 0.15), total dry matter (B = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02, 0.38) and energy (B = 1.66, 95% CI 0.03, 3.30) in breast milk. Morever, lactation period was negatively associated with the protein and total dry matter concentrations and positively associated with lactose. CONCLUSIONS The results show the lactation period was an important factor affecting milk composition and a dietary pattern with high intake of red meat, cereals, and eggs was associated with higher protein, total dry matter, and energy contents in breast milk. These findings show that the dietary patterns of lactating women can affect breast milk macronutrient composition and provide a foundation for improving child health.
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