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Račaitė J, Antia K, Winkler V, Lesinskienė S, Sketerskienė R, Maceinaitė R, Tracevskytė I, Dambrauskaitė E, Šurkienė G. Emotional and behavioural problems of left behind children in Lithuania: a comparative analysis of youth self-reports and parent/caregiver reports using ASEBA. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:33. [PMID: 38500119 PMCID: PMC10949819 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children being left behind (LBC) in their home countries due to parental emigration is a global issue. Research shows that parents' emigration negatively affects children's mental health and well-being. Despite a high number of LBC, there is a dearth of data from Eastern European countries. The present study aims to collect and analyse self-reported data on LBC emotional and behavioural problems and compare children's reports with those of parents/caregivers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 Lithuanian schools, involving parents/caregivers and their children aged 12 to 17. We employed self-reported measures, including the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) tools - Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL 6/18) and Youth Self Report (YSR 11/18), to evaluate the emotional and behavioural problems of the children. These instruments had been translated, standardised, and validated for the Lithuanian population. Data collection took place between January 2022 and April 2023. In addition to descriptive analysis, multivariate regression was used to adjust for various sociodemographic factors. RESULTS A total of 760 parents/caregivers and 728 of their children participated in the study. LBC exhibited higher total problem scores (57.7; 95% CI 52.0-63.4) compared to non-LBC (47.1; 95% CI 44.7-49.4). These differences were consistent across all YSR 11/18 problem scales. However, no significant differences were observed in CBCL 6/18 scores. Furthermore, LBC self-reported a higher total problem score (57.7; 95% CI 52.0-63.4) compared to their parents/caregivers (24.9; 95% CI 18.9-30.9), and this pattern persisted across all scales. Being female, having school-related problems and having LBC status were associated with higher YSR 11/18 scores in the multivariable regression, while female gender, living in rural areas, school-related problems, and having hobbies were associated with higher CBCL 6/18 scores. CONCLUSION This study highlights that LBC report more emotional and behavioural challenges than their non-LBC peers, while parent/caregiver assessments show lower problem scores for LBC. Gender, living environment, school-related issues, and engagement in hobbies have influenced these outcomes. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of the experiences of LBC and the importance of considering various contextual factors in understanding and addressing their emotional and behavioural well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Račaitė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania.
| | - Khatia Antia
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 77a Kostava Street, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia
| | - Volker Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sigita Lesinskienė
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Rita Sketerskienė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Maceinaitė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Tracevskytė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 9, Vilnius, LT-01513, Lithuania
| | - Elena Dambrauskaitė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 9, Vilnius, LT-01513, Lithuania
| | - Genė Šurkienė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
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Fleck L, Fuchs A, Sele S, Moehler E, Koenig J, Resch F, Kaess M. Prenatal stress and child externalizing behavior: effects of maternal perceived stress and cortisol are moderated by child sex. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:94. [PMID: 37550728 PMCID: PMC10408175 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing behavior problems are related to social maladjustment. Evidence indicates associations between prenatal stress and child behavioral outcomes. It remains unclear how psychological distress vs. biological correlates of stress (cortisol) differentially predict externalizing behavior, and how their effects might differ as a function of child sex. METHOD 108 pregnant women from the community collected salivary cortisol and reported their perceived stress during each trimester of pregnancy. At child age 9 years (M = 9.01, SD = 0.55), 70 mothers and children reported on child behavior. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze how cortisol levels and perceived stress during pregnancy predicted current child externalizing behavior, considering the moderating effect of child sex. RESULTS Perceived stress predicted higher externalizing behavior in boys (β = 0.42, p = 0.009) and lower externalizing behavior in girls (β = - 0.56, p = 0.014). Cortisol predicted lower externalizing behavior in boys (β = - 0.81, p < .001) and was not related to girls' externalizing behavior (β = 0.37, p = 0.200). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Prenatal stress affected externalizing behavior differently in girls vs. boys. These response patters in turn differed for indicators of psychological vs. biological maternal stress, encouraging an integrated approach. Findings indicate that perceived stress and cortisol may affect child development via different trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fleck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvano Sele
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moehler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Moreira PAS, Inman RA, Cloninger CR. Three joint temperament-character configurations account for learning, personality and well-being: normative demographic findings in a representative national population. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193441. [PMID: 37533723 PMCID: PMC10393030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A common practice in research and clinical practice is to use data considered representative of a target population to compare and understand the personality characteristics of specific groups or specific individuals. To this end, numerous studies have presented normative data for the temperament and character traits outlined in Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. However, recent genomic evidence demonstrates that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends beyond the individual traits to multi-trait profiles that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament profiles) or goals and values (character profiles), and then to three phenotypic networks, which integrate temperament profiles and character profiles, that regulate learning. Given this recent understanding, our aim was to provide a novel and more comprehensive description of personality features at a societal level (using a stratified sample representative of the Portuguese population) by considering personality at its higher levels of complexity. Methods Toward this goal, a stratified sample of 2,443 Portuguese adults responded to the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R). Results We summarize the prevalence of (a) temperament profiles, (b) character profiles, and (c) integrated temperament-character networks within the whole sample, as well as for men vs. women and different age groups separately. Independent of age and education, women were more likely to be capable of resourceful productivity and helpful cooperation combined with being more intuitive, meditative and creative than men. Independent of age and gender, individuals with a degree were also more likely to present these biopsychosocial features. We also found that the organized character profile was most typical of adults in their 40s. Finally, the distribution of personality profiles across age differed as a function of gender: for men the oldest individuals had the most coherent personalities while high personality integration was most prevalent for women in their 30s. Discussion These results have strong implications for research and intervention. In particular, these results are relevant for understanding the epidemiology of interactions between personality, mental health and well-being, including their expressions in a national population as a function of demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. S. Moreira
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard A. Inman
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
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Antia K, Račaitė J, Šurkienė G, Winkler V. The gender gap in adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems in Georgia: a cross-sectional study using Achenbach's Youth Self Report. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:44. [PMID: 36998037 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents, particularly girls, are vulnerable to mental health disorders. Knowledge about young people's mental health in Eastern European countries is limited. This study is the first to investigate adolescents' self-reported emotional and behavioural problems in Georgia from a public mental health perspective. METHODS This study utilized Achenbach's Youth Self-Reported syndrome scales among 933 adolescents studying from grades 7-12 in 18 public schools in Georgia. We compared the gender-specific results with each other and with the Achenbach's Normative Sample using two-sample t-tests. Linear regression was used to assess associations between internalizing and externalizing problems and individual as well as demographic characteristics such as parental migration experience (being 'left-behind' or 'staying behind'). RESULTS The study found that girls obtained higher scores than boys in Youth Self-Reported empirical syndrome scales and the internalizing broadband scale. Rule-breaking behaviour was the only syndrome scale where boys scored higher. Compared to Achenbach's Normative Sample, adolescents in Georgia scored higher on all scales. Regression analyses showed that illnesses, having fewer than three close friends, problems at school, and worse relationships with peers/siblings/parents (compared to peers) were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing problems scores in both genders. Performing household chores, living with only one parent, or having a migrant parent showed no associations in either gender. CONCLUSION Emotional and behavioural difficulties of adolescents in Georgia, especially girls, require attention. Having close friends, developing strong relationships with family members, and a supportive school environment could help mitigate emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents in Georgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Antia
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 77a Kostava Street, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.
| | - Justina Račaitė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Genė Šurkienė
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Volker Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Moreira PAS, Inman RA, Cloninger CR. Disentangling the personality pathways to well-being. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3353. [PMID: 36849800 PMCID: PMC9969391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic, psychological, and developmental research shows that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends from individual traits in many specific situations to multi-trait profiles in two domains that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament) or goals and values (character), and finally to three integrated temperament-character networks that regulate learning to maintain well-being in changing conditions. We carried out person-centered analyses of the components of subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) to personality in both adolescents (N = 1739) and adults (N = 897). Personality was considered at each level of its organization (trait, temperament or character profiles, and joint temperament-character networks). We show for the first time that negative affect and life satisfaction are dependent on the personality network for intentional self-control, whereas positive affect is dependent on the personality network for self-awareness that underlies the human capacities for healthy longevity, creativity, and prosocial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A S Moreira
- Instituto de Psicologia E de Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Em Psicologia Para O Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Richard A Inman
- Instituto de Psicologia E de Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Em Psicologia Para O Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Anthropedia Foundation, St. Louis, USA
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Personality Networks and Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Integrating Temperament and Character Using Latent Profile and Latent Class Analyses. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:856-868. [PMID: 32989577 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that adaptive functioning and well-being depends on the integration of three dissociable systems of learning and memory that regulate associative conditioning, intentionality and self-awareness. Our study objective was to describe how different integrated configurations of these systems (i.e. different expressions of personality) relate to the presence of internalizing, externalizing and total problems. In total, 699 adolescents completed the JTCI and Achenbach's YSR. Latent profile analyses revealed two temperament profiles and six character profiles. Adolescents with a steady temperament, and those with healthy characters, were significantly less likely to present clinical levels of problems. The integration of a steady temperament and healthy character profiles in a Mature-Steady joint temperament-character network was also associated with significantly less clinical problems. In sum, our person-centered study indicates that adaptive expressions of associative conditioning, intentionality, and self-awareness (i.e. integrated personalities) are critical for mental health.
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Urinary Function of the Sasang Type and Cold-Heat Subgroup Using the Sasang Urination Inventory in Korean Hospital Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7313581. [PMID: 32963570 PMCID: PMC7499285 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7313581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptom is pivotal for the Sasang type classification and pattern identification. The Sasang Urination and Defecation Inventory (SUDI) for urinary function analysis was developed; however, the clinical usefulness of urination-related subscales of SUDI in the Sasang type and Cold-Heat subgroup was not reported with acceptable validation analysis. Methods The clinical diagnosis of the Sasang type and Cold-Heat subgroup, responses to SUDI items, and weight and height of the 350 hospital patients were acquired retrospectively. The Sasang Urination Inventory (SUI) with SUI-CHR (problematic physical characteristics of urine), SUI-HSS (hypersensitivity of urinary urgency and high frequency), and SUI-DIS (urinary discomfort of hesitancy and residual urine sense) subscales using 12 items of SUDI were improvised. The item and construct validity of the SUI were examined using item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the clinical usefulness of the SUI in Sasang type and Cold-Heat subgroup differentiation was attested. Results The SUI and its subscales showed acceptable structural validity and have clinical usefulness in the Tae-Eum type. The Tae-Eum type has a significantly higher SUI-CHR score than did the So-Yang type, and the Heat subgroup has a significantly higher SUI-HSS score than did the Cold subgroup in the Tae-Eum type. Discussion. The distinctive Sasang type- and Cold-Heat subscale-specific pathological symptoms in urinary function were revealed using the SUI. The SUI combined with objective Sasang typology measures might be useful for integrative precision medicine combining Eastern and Western practice and for evidence-based clinical education for medical professions.
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Lisi G, Rossi R, Ribolsi M, Di Lorenzo G, Parisi C, Siracusano M, Morciano L, De Stefano A, Pesaresi A, Niolu C, Palombi L, Siracusano A. 'Too many BeEPs in our teens!' Behavioral and emotional problems in a large group of Italian adolescents. Psychol Med 2020; 52:1-10. [PMID: 32779561 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in six adolescents suffers from mental health problems. Despite the presence of general information on Italian adolescents' mental health, researches conducted with standardized assessment tools are scarce in the literature. We evaluated the prevalence of self-reported behavioral and emotional problems in a group of Italian adolescents and examined their relation to socio-demographical variables. METHODS This population-based sampling survey was conducted on high school students aged 14-18 from urban areas of Rome and Latina. Participants completed Youth Self-Report (YSR) and a socio-demographic schedule to collect information on age, gender, type of school attended, socio-economic status, urbanicity. RESULTS Final sample consisted of 1400 adolescents (38.61% male, mean age 16 years, s.d. 1.42). Prevalence of Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems and Total Problems was 29.55%, 18.34% and 24.13%. In our multivariable model, Internalizing Symptoms were not explained by sociodemographic variables while Externalizing Symptoms were explained by Male Gender [OR = 1.53 (1.14-2.06)], older age [OR = 2.06 (1.52-2.79)] and attending a Technical and Professional Institute [OR = 2.15 (1.53-3.02)], with an adjusted R2 = 4.32%. Total Problems were explained by School Type [Technical and Professional Institutes and Art and Humanities v. Grammar and Science School; OR respectively 1.93 (1.40-2.67) and 1.64 (1.08-2.47)], adjusted R2 = 1.94. CONCLUSIONS The study provides, for the first time, evidence of a great prevalence of self-reported behavioral and emotional problems in a large sample of Italian adolescents, highlighting the role of different socio-demographic variables as risk factors for externalizing behaviors. Our results emphasize the urgent need for implementing prevention programs on mental health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lisi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ribolsi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Parisi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Siracusano
- Chair of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Morciano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Pesaresi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Milić J, Milić Vranješ I, Krajina I, Heffer M, Škrlec I. Circadian Typology and Personality Dimensions of Croatian Students of Health-Related University Majors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134794. [PMID: 32635335 PMCID: PMC7370063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between circadian preferences and personality dimensions among 712 students of three different majors from the Faculty of Medicine, Osijek: medical students (MD), nursing students (RN) and medical laboratory diagnostics students (MLD). For the measurement of personality dimensions, the IPIP50 Big-Five questionnaire was used. The circadian preference of students was assessed using the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ). Several significant results were observed and there was a significant difference in circadian preference among the three tested groups, with RN students scoring highest on the morningness scale and MLD students scoring the lowest. RN students scored significantly higher on agreeableness and conscientiousness than the other two groups. On the other hand, MD students scored higher on intellect than the MLD students. MLD students scored the lowest on emotional stability scales. Morning type students had higher conscientiousness and emotional stability scores. These results imply that circadian preference and personality traits are crucial elements of medical professionals' wellbeing. With this paper, we would like to raise awareness about common personality traits and adherence to certain circadian orientations in medical professionals as a motivation to introduce a more flexible view towards strict time and task divisions in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.M.V.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (I.Š.)
| | - Iva Milić Vranješ
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.M.V.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Krajina
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.M.V.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
- Department for Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.M.V.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.M.V.); (I.K.); (M.H.)
- Histology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (I.Š.)
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