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Jaeger FC, Handa IT, Paquette A, Parker WC, Messier C. Young temperate tree species show different fine root acclimation capacity to growing season water availability. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 496:485-504. [PMID: 38510944 PMCID: PMC10948563 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Changes in water availability during the growing season are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Our study aimed to compare the fine-root acclimation capacity (plasticity) of six temperate tree species aged six years and exposed to high or low growing season soil water availability over five years. Methods Root samples were collected from the five upper strata of mineral soil to a total soil depth of 30 cm in monoculture plots of Acer saccharum Marsh., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Larix laricina K. Koch, Pinus strobus L., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Quercus rubra L. established at the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT) field experiment in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Four replicates of each monoculture were subjected to high or low water availability treatments. Results Absorptive fine root density increased by 67% for Larix laricina, and 90% for Picea glauca, under the high-water availability treatment at 0-5 cm soil depth. The two late successional, slower growing tree species, Acer saccharum and Picea glauca, showed higher plasticity in absorptive fine root biomass in the upper 5 cm of soil (PIv = 0.36 & 0.54 respectively), and lower plasticity in fine root depth over the entire 30 cm soil profile compared to the early successional, faster growing tree species Betula papyrifera and Larix laricina. Conclusion Temperate tree species show contrasting acclimation responses in absorptive fine root biomass and rooting depth to differences in water availability. Some of these responses vary with tree species successional status and seem to benefit both early and late successional tree species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin C. Jaeger
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - I. Tanya Handa
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - William C. Parker
- Forest Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Institut des Sciences de La Forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Canada
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Zhai J, Li Z, Si J, Zhang S, Han X, Chen X. Structural and Functional Responses of the Heteromorphic Leaves of Different Tree Heights on Populus euphratica Oliv. to Different Soil Moisture Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182376. [PMID: 36145777 PMCID: PMC9505870 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Populus euphratica Oliv., a pioneer species of desert riparian forest, is characterized heterophylly. To understand the adaptation strategies of the heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica to soil drought, we assessed the structural and functional characteristics of the heteromorphic leaves at different heights in suitable soil moisture conditions (groundwater depth 1.5 m) and drought conditions (groundwater depth 5 m), which include morphology, anatomical structure, photosynthetic capacity, water use efficiency, osmotic adjustment capacity, and endogenous hormones. These results indicate that leaf area, leaf thickness, fence tissue, palisade-to-sea ratio, main vein xylem area, vessel area, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and proline, MDA, IAA, GA3, and ZR contents showed a positive correlation with the tree height under the two soil moisture conditions, but leaf shape index, leaf water potential (LWP), and ABA content showed a decreasing trend. In addition, the main vein vascular bundle area, main vein xylem area, and contents of malondialdehyde, ABA, GA3, and IAA were significantly greater under soil drought conditions than normal soil water content. Under soil drought stress, the heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica showed more investment in anatomical structure and greater water use efficiency, proline, and hormone contents, and synergistic changes to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency. This is an adaptation strategy to water stress caused by soil drought and tree height changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntuan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University and Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps and Research Center of Populus Euphratica, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University and Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps and Research Center of Populus Euphratica, Alar 843300, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianhua Si
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shanhe Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University and Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps and Research Center of Populus Euphratica, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University and Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps and Research Center of Populus Euphratica, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xiangxiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University and Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps and Research Center of Populus Euphratica, Alar 843300, China
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Research Advances in Plant Physiology and Ecology of Desert Riparian Forests under Drought Stress. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Under drought stress, desert riparian forest plants are highly self-regulating and have their own unique water use and regulation strategies, which can respond positively in several aspects such as physiology, ecology, and individual phenotypes when coping and adapting to the stresses brought by external environmental changes. In addition, as an important component of arid zone ecosystems, desert riparian forest plants maintain the cycling process of energy and material in desert areas. Therefore, it is of great ecological value to study the role played by desert riparian forest plants in desertification control and biodiversity conservation in arid zones. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data and scientific basis for the conservation, and restoration of desert riparian forests in the inland river basin of arid zone. In this paper, the physiological and ecological responses of desert riparian plants under drought stress were analyzed by reviewing the literature and focusing on the key scientific issues such as drought avoidance mechanisms, water use, and water redistribution, and the relationship between interspecific water competition and resource sharing of desert riparian plants. The results showed that: (1) In the inland river basin of arid zone, desert riparian plants show a mutual coordination of increasing soluble sugars, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreasing peroxidase (POD), to form a unique drought avoidance mechanism, and improve their drought tolerance by changing leaf stomatal conductance resulted from regulating abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CTK) content. (2) Desert riparian forest plants have their own unique water use and regulation strategies. When the degree of drought stress increased, Populus euphratica enhanced the water flow of dominant branches by actively sacrificing the inferior branches to ensure and improve the overall survival chances of the plant, while Tamarix ramosissima weaken hydraulic conductance, and increase subsurface material inputs by reducing plant height to cope with drought stress. (3) The root systems of desert riparian plants have hydraulic uplift and water redistribution functions, and, in the hydraulic uplift process of P. euphratica and T. ramosissima root systems, there is a possibility of assisting with other species in water utilization and the existence of a resource sharing mechanism.
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Song X, Gao X, Wu P, Zhao X, Zhang W, Zou Y, Siddique KHM. Drought responses of profile plant-available water and fine-root distributions in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards in a loessial, semi-arid, hilly area of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137739. [PMID: 32203796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The number of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards has increased substantially in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau of China, as a significant element of the large-scale 'Grain for Green' ecological rehabilitation program that aims to conserve soil and water while improving the regions economic prospects. However, the long-term effects of the orchard expansion and the adaptive responses of apple trees to drought are not known. Thus, using a space-for-time substitution approach, we investigated plant-available water and fine-root distribution in the 0-8 m soil profile in apple orchards of various ages in a dry year (2015, 392 mm rainfall) and the following year with normal precipitation (2016, 500 mm rainfall). We found that plant-available water gradually decreased with stand age in the dry year, but increased in the normal year, especially in the 0-2 m soil layer. Fine root (<2 mm diameter) distribution and biomass increased with stand age and decreased with increasing soil depth in all treatment plots, predominantly in the 0-2 m layer. In all treatment plots, most of the soil layers in the deep soil (>2 m) had soil moisture storage deficit. In the dry year (2015), the apple trees increased both the average depth (D50 and D95 values) and biomass of their fine-root systems in response to water stress, relative to the normal year (2016). Thus, the apple trees extracted water primarily from the shallow (<2 m) layers in the normal year, but from deeper soil layers in the dry year, to sustain growth. The results of this study will help to guide land and agricultural water management in rainfed apple orchards in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau and similar dryland regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Song
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pute Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xining Zhao
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yufeng Zou
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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