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Fouda K, Mohamed RS. Molecular docking and in vivo protective effects of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) against metabolic dysfunction in high-fat, high-sodium diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:3566-3582. [PMID: 38466075 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) have been used as a functional vegetable as they contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, and other bioactive molecules that protect the body from several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to look at the involvement of okra constituents (mucilage and flesh) in the prevention of metabolic dysfunctions induced in a rat model by a high-fat, high-salt (HF/NaCl) diet. Okra mucilage was extracted using an ultrasonic method, freeze-dried, characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tested for swelling ratio and radical scavenging activity. Okra flesh (skin and seeds) was separated from pods; characterized using SEM; and tested for dietary fiber content, phenolic profile, and radical scavenging activity. The significance of okra bioactive compounds in inhibiting human salivary amylase, glutamine : fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was investigated using molecular docking. Rats were fed an HF/NaCl diet and orally treated daily with freeze-dried okra mucilage or flesh (100 mg per kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, inflammatory indicators (CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin 6), oxidative markers (red blood cell lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase), lipid profile, estradiol, feces lipids as well as femur and urine calcium were measured. The molecular docking findings showed the interaction of quercetin and chlorogenic acid, which are the most abundant phenolic compounds in okra pods, with the studied proteins, which gives an indication of the mechanism of okra's anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Okra mucilage and flesh significantly reduced glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and urine calcium levels while significantly increasing feces lipid and femur calcium levels. The findings suggested that okra mucilage and flesh seem to be promising candidates for protection against metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Fouda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha S Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Saito MK, de Oliveira BK, Macedo AP, Sorrentino Dos Santos C, Lopes RT, Yamanaka JS, Shimano AC. Cafeteria Diet Can Affect Bone Microarchitecture in Sedentary and Trained Male Rats. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101467. [PMID: 38306807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle can impair health. Regular physical activity improves the quality of life and is essential for bone health. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the cafeteria diet on bone quality of sedentary and exercised rats. METHODS Sixty young male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=10) according to diet composition and activity level, being: SD+CON, standard diet and control; SD+SED, standard diet and sedentary; SD+EX, standard diet and exercised; CD+CON, cafeteria diet and control; CD+SED, cafeteria diet and sedentary; CD+EX, cafeteria diet and exercised. The exercise protocol consisted of 10 ladder-climbing sessions/day, 5 days/week, and the sedentary rats were maintained in individual cages with limited mobility. Body mass and food intake were evaluated weekly. After 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and white adipose tissue was collected. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and micro-computed tomography analyses. RESULTS The cafeteria diet increased adipose tissue (p<0.001), decreased bone mineral density (p=0.004), and impaired biomechanical properties (p<0.05) and histomorphometry parameters (p=0.044). The sedentarism decreased bone mineral density (p<0.001) and biomechanical properties (p<0.05), and the exercise did not improve bone properties. CONCLUSION In this experimental model, it was concluded that the cafeteria diet and a sedentary lifestyle negatively affect bone, and ladder-climbing exercise could not prevent the effects of the unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Koiti Saito
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Kawano de Oliveira
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Suzuki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Shimano
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Heijkoop R, Lalanza JF, Solanas M, Álvarez-Monell A, Subias-Gusils A, Escorihuela RM, Snoeren EMS. Changes in reward-induced neural activity upon Cafeteria Diet consumption. Physiol Behav 2024; 276:114478. [PMID: 38307359 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of highly palatable foods rich in sugar and fat, often referred to as "junk" or "fast" foods, plays a central role in the development of obesity. The highly palatable characteristics of these foods activate hedonic and motivational mechanisms to promote food-seeking behavior and overeating, which is largely regulated by the brain reward system. Excessive junk food consumption can alter the functioning of this reward system, but exact mechanisms of these changes are still largely unknown. This study investigated whether long-term junk food consumption, in the form of Cafeteria (CAF) diet, can alter the reward system in adult, female Long-Evans rats, and whether different regimes of CAF diet influence the extent of these changes. To this end, rats were exposed to a 6-week diet with either standard chow, or ad libitum daily access to CAF diet, 30 % restricted but daily access to CAF diet, or one-day-a-week (intermittent) ad libitum access to CAF diet, after which c-Fos expression in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) following consumption of a CAF reward of choice was examined. We found that all CAF diet regimes decreased c-Fos expression in the NAc-shell when presented with a CAF reward, while no changes in c-Fos expression upon the different diet regimes were found in the PFC, and possibly the VTA. Our data suggests that long-term junk food exposure can affect the brain reward system, resulting in an attenuated activity of the NAc-shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Heijkoop
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - J F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - M Solanas
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Medical Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Álvarez-Monell
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Medical Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Subias-Gusils
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - E M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
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González LPF, Rodrigues FDS, Jantsch J, Fraga GDF, Squizani S, Castro LFDS, Correia LL, Neto JP, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats following cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:172-183. [PMID: 36657165 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2168229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjetives: Omega-3 (n3) fatty acids have been studied as an option to alleviate the harmful effects of obesity. However, its role in obesity-related behavioral changes is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of n3 on behavior and neuroinflammation in obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control diet (CT), CT+n3, cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+n3. Diet was administered for 13 weeks, and n3 was supplemented during the last 5 weeks. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. Immunoblots were conducted in the animals' cerebral cortex and hippocampus to assess changes in neuroinflammatory markers.Results: CAF-fed animals showed higher weight gain, visceral adiposity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels, and n3 improved the lipid profile and restored insulin sensitivity. CAF-fed rats showed anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and light-dark box tasks but not in the contextual aversive conditioning. Omega-3 did not exert any effect on these behaviors. Regarding neuroinflammation, diet and supplementation acted in a region-specific manner. In the hippocampus, CAF reduced claudin-5 expression with no effect of n3, indicating a brain-blood barrier disruption following CAF. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) were reduced in treated obese animals. However, n3 could not reverse the TLR-4 expression increase in the cerebral cortex.Discussion: Although n3 may protect against some neuroinflammatory manifestations in the hippocampus, it does not seem sufficient to reverse the increase in anxiolytic manifestations caused by CAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paola Facciola González
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Dos Santos Castro
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lídia Luz Correia
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Neto
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Aboujassoum HM, Mohamed-Ali V, Abraham D, Clapp LH, Al-Naemi HA. Relative Recovery of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2023; 16:115. [PMID: 38201945 PMCID: PMC10780646 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet has a critical role in the induction of weight gain and obesity-related pathologies. This study tested the hypothesis that a carbohydrate-rich diet induces weight gain, ectopic fat deposition, associated metabolic risks and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which are partially reversible following carbohydrate reduction. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a carbohydrate-enriched cafeteria diet (CAF) or normal chow (NC) ad libitum for 16-18 weeks. In the reversible group (REV), the CAF was replaced with NC for a further 3 weeks (18-21 weeks). Animals fed the CAF diet showed significantly increased body weight compared to those fed NC, accompanied by abnormal changes in their systemic insulin and triglycerides, elevation of hepatic triglyceride and hepatic steatosis. In the REV group, when the CAF diet was stopped, a modest, non-significant weight loss was associated with improvement in systemic insulin and appearance of the liver, with lower gross fatty deposits and hepatic triglyceride. In conclusion, a carbohydrate-enriched diet led to many features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, while a dietary reduction in this macronutrient, even for a short period, was able to restore normoinsulinemia, and reversed some of the obesity-related hepatic abnormalities, without significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya Mohamed-Ali
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City Road, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
- Centre of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - David Abraham
- Centre of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disorders, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Lucie H. Clapp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
| | - Hamda A. Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Cortés-Espinar AJ, Ibarz-Blanch N, Soliz-Rueda JR, Calvo E, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Ávila-Román J. Abrupt Photoperiod Changes Differentially Modulate Hepatic Antioxidant Response in Healthy and Obese Rats: Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17057. [PMID: 38069379 PMCID: PMC10707189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of the light/dark cycle and unhealthy diets can promote misalignment of biological rhythms and metabolic alterations, ultimately leading to an oxidative stress condition. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which possesses antioxidant properties, has demonstrated its beneficial effects in metabolic-associated diseases and its potential role in modulating circadian disruptions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of GSPE administration on the liver oxidant system of healthy and diet-induced obese rats undergoing a sudden photoperiod shift. To this end, forty-eight photoperiod-sensitive Fischer 344/IcoCrl rats were fed either a standard (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 6 weeks. A week before euthanizing, rats were abruptly transferred from a standard photoperiod of 12 h of light/day (L12) to either a short (6 h light/day, L6) or a long photoperiod (18 h light/day, L18) while receiving a daily oral dose of vehicle (VH) or GSPE (25 mg/kg). Alterations in body weight gain, serum and liver biochemical parameters, antioxidant gene and protein expression, and antioxidant metabolites were observed. Interestingly, GSPE partially ameliorated these effects by reducing the oxidative stress status in L6 through an increase in GPx1 expression and in hepatic antioxidant metabolites and in L18 by increasing the NRF2/KEAP1/ARE pathway, thereby showing potential in the treatment of circadian-related disorders by increasing the hepatic antioxidant response in a photoperiod-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Cortés-Espinar
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Néstor Ibarz-Blanch
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.C.-E.); (N.I.-B.); (J.R.S.-R.); (E.C.); (F.I.B.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Molecular and Applied Pharmacology Group (FARMOLAP), Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Ceylani T, Önlü H, Keskin S, Allahverdi H, Teker HT. SCD Probiotics mitigate cafeteria diet-induced liver damage in Wistar rats during development. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2142-2151. [PMID: 37963489 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The liver plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and its health is often compromised by poor dietary habits. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SCD Probiotics in mitigating adverse liver effects induced by a cafeteria diet in male Wistar rats during their developmental period. METHODS Four groups of seven male Wistar rats each were subjected to different dietary regimens from day 21 (weaning) to day 56. The groups were as follows: a control group on normal feed; a probiotic-supplemented group on normal feed; a group on a cafeteria diet mixed with normal feed; and a group on a cafeteria diet mixed with normal feed, supplemented with SCD Probiotics. Liver health was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histopathological evaluations. RESULTS Rats on the cafeteria diet exhibited significant disruptions in lipid, protein, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and glycogen/phosphate content. Histopathological abnormalities such as lymphocytic infiltration, steatosis, and necrosis were also observed. However, SCD Probiotics supplementation led to notable improvements in the liver's biomolecular composition and mitigated histopathological abnormalities. Serum liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH) also showed beneficial effects, while serum albumin levels remained stable. CONCLUSIONS SCD Probiotics demonstrated a promising potential to counteract the adverse liver effects induced by a cafeteria diet in male Wistar rats. The study revealed significant improvements in biomolecular composition, histopathology, and serum enzyme levels. However, these findings are preliminary and necessitate further in vivo studies and clinical trials for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ceylani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Harun Önlü
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Seda Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Allahverdi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Taner Teker
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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Matuszewska J, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Radziejewska A, Grzęda E, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Dylewski Ł, Chmurzyńska A, Sliwowska JH. Maternal cafeteria diet influences kisspeptin (Kiss1), kisspeptin receptor(Gpr54), and sirtuin (Sirt1) genes, hormonal and metabolic profiles, and reproductive functions in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:654-668. [PMID: 37665248 PMCID: PMC10651067 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP, encoded by Kiss1, binding to the Gpr54 receptor) is a neuropeptide conveying information on the metabolic status to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. KP acts together with dynorphin A (encoded by Pdyn) and neurokinin B (encoded by Tac2) to regulate reproduction. KP is crucial for the onset of puberty and is under the control of sirtuin (encoded by Sirt1). We hypothesize that the maternal cafeteria (CAF) diet has adverse effects on the offspring's hormonal, metabolic, and reproductive functions due to sex-specific alterations in the expression of Kiss1, Gpr54, Pdyn, Tac2, and Sirt1 in the hypothalamus, and Kiss1, Gpr54, and Sirt1 in the liver. Rats were fed a CAF diet before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and during lactation. The vaginal opening was monitored. Offspring were sacrificed in three age points: PND 30, PND 35, and PND 60 (females) and PND 40, PND 45, and PND 60 (males). Their metabolic and hormonal status was assessed. mRNA for Kiss1, Gpr54, Pdyn, Tac2, and Sirt1 were measured by real-time PCR in the hypothalamus and/or livers. We found that CAF offspring had lower weight and altered body composition; increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels, sex-specific changes in glucose and insulin levels; sex-dependent changes in Sirt1/Kiss1 mRNA ratio in the hypothalamus; sex-specific alterations in Kiss1 and Sirt1 mRNA in the liver with more diversity in males; and a delayed puberty onset in females. We concluded that the mother's CAF diet leads to sex-specific alterations in metabolic and reproductive outcomes via Kiss1/Gpr54 and Sirt1 systems in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Radziejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dylewski
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Ozcaliskan Ilkay H, Karabulut D, Kamaci Ozocak G, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Kaymak E, Kisioglu B, Cicek B, Akyol A. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) supplemented cafeteria diet ameliorates glucose intolerance in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6920-6930. [PMID: 37970433 PMCID: PMC10630841 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal with rich nutritional composition, gluten free, and organoleptic. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the possible protective roles of quinoa in glucose homeostasis in a model of cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Male Wistar rats (3 weeks of age) were randomly allocated to be fed by; control chow (CON; n = 6), quinoa (QUI; n = 6), cafeteria (CAF; n = 6), or quinoa and cafeteria (CAFQ; n = 6) for 15 weeks. CAFQ resulted in decreased saturated fat, sugar, and sodium intake in comparison with CAF. Compared to CON, CAF increased body weight gain, plasma insulin, plasma glucose, decreased liver IRS-1, AMPK mRNA expressions, and pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity, and developed hepatocyte degeneration and microvesicular steatosis. Compared to CAF, QUI lowered body weight, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin, increased liver IRS-1 and AMPK mRNA expressions, and pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity. Compared to CAF, CAFQ lowered plasma glucose, increased liver IRS-1 mRNA expressions, increased pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity, and lowered hepatocyte degeneration and microvesicular steatosis. Dietary treatments did not influence IRS-2, AKT2, and INSR mRNA expressions. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKI were also similar between groups. Restoration of insulin in CAFQ islets was as well as that of CON and QUI groups. In conclusion, as a functional food, quinoa may be useful in the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic outcomes such as glucose intolerance, disrupted pancreatic β-cell function, hepatic insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and EmbryologyErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Gonca Kamaci Ozocak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals ScienceErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | | | - Emin Kaymak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and EmbryologyYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTurkey
| | - Betul Kisioglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Betul Cicek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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10
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Aba N, Koçpınar EF, Ceylani T. The Hepatic Antioxidant System Damage Induced with the Cafeteria (CAF) Diet Is Largely Counteracted Using SCD Probiotics during Development of Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4557. [PMID: 37960210 PMCID: PMC10648500 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cafeteria (CAF) diet, reflective of predominant Western dietary behaviors, is implicated in hastening weight gain, subsequently resulting in health complications such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. To this end, it is vital to notice the deleterious consequences of the CAF regimen prior to the onset of complications, which is fundamental for early intervention in the context of numerous diseases. Probiotic-derived postbiotic metabolites have gained attention for their antioxidative properties, offering a potential countermeasure against oxidative stress. This research sought to discern the protective efficacy of SCD Probiotics against liver glutathione system damage arising from the CAF diet during developmental phases. Male Wistar rats, from weaning on day 21 to day 56, were categorized into four groups: a control on a conventional diet; a group on a standard diet enriched with SCD Probiotics; a mixed-diet group comprising both CAF and standard feed; and a combination diet group supplemented with SCD Probiotics. Through the application of real-time PCR, enzyme activity assessments, and quantitative metabolite analyses, our findings highlight the CAF diet's adverse influence on the liver's antioxidant defenses via shifts in gene expression. Yet, the inclusion of SCD Probiotics mostly ameliorated these harmful effects. Remarkably, the positive regulatory influence of SCD Probiotics on the liver's antioxidant system was consistently observed, independent of the CAF diet's presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Aba
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey
| | - Enver Fehim Koçpınar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey
| | - Taha Ceylani
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey
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11
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Neto J, Jantsch J, Rodrigues F, Squizani S, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovenardi M, Porawski M, Guedes RP. Impact of cafeteria diet and n3 supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, fatty acids levels, neuroinflammatory markers and social memory in male rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114068. [PMID: 36567032 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of omega-3 (n3) supplementation on intestinal microbiota, fatty acids profile, neuroinflammation, and social memory of cafeteria diet (CAF)-fed rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with CAF for 20 weeks. Omega-3 (500 mg/kg/day) was supplemented between the 16th and 20th week. Colon morphology, intestinal microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma, fatty acids profile, TLR-4 and claudin-5 expressions in the brain, and social memory were investigated. RESULTS CAF reduced colon length, crypts' depth, and microbiota diversity, while n3 increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. CAF increased SCFA plasma levels, but n3 reduced butyrate and isobutyrate in obese rats. LPS was increased in CAF-fed rats, and n3 decreased its levels. In the cerebral cortex, n3 increased caprylic, palmitic, stearic, tricosanoic, lignoceric, myristoleic, and linoleic acids. CAF increased palmitic acid and TLR-4 expression in the cerebral cortex while decreasing claudin-5 in the hippocampus. In the social memory test, CAF-fed animals showed greater social interaction with no effect of n3. CONCLUSIONS The lack of n3 effect in some of the evaluated parameters may be due to the severity of the obesity caused by CAF. However, n3 reduced LPS levels, suggesting its ability to reverse endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samia Squizani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Marcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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Subias-Gusils A, Álvarez-Monell A, Boqué N, Caimari A, Mariné-Casadó R, Escorihuela RM, Solanas M. Effects of a Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Oleuropein Supplementation on Adiposity and mRNA Expression of Energy Balance Related Genes in Obese Male Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020147. [PMID: 36837766 PMCID: PMC9965300 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with natural bioactive compounds has been proposed to be a complementary tool to the calorie-restricted diets and physical exercise programs used to tackle human overweight, obesity and Metabolic syndrome. Herein, we evaluated the effects of 14 weeks of calorie-restricted cafeteria diet either alone or combined with oral administration of the polyphenol oleuropein in obese adult male rats, compared with a control group fed standard chow and a group fed cafeteria diet. Animals were sacrificed at the age of 26 weeks and several tissues of interest were removed. The results showed that both dietary interventions reduced the adiposity index (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and specifically the abdominal fat depots (mesenteric: p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively; and epididymal: both diets p < 0.001) and restored the decreased soleus skeletal muscle mass. Both interventions decreased leptin mRNA expression in mesenteric white adipose tissue (p < 0.05) and normalized hypothalamic Agrp mRNA expression compared to cafeteria-fed obese rats (p < 0.05). However, only the calorie-restricted cafeteria diet supplemented with oleuropein induced additional lower retroperitoneal adipose accretion (p < 0.05) and increased hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Experiments with female animals, at different doses and longer intervention periods, are needed to better determine the potential benefits of this dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Subias-Gusils
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adam Álvarez-Monell
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noemi Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area and Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area and Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area and Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.E.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-93-5813296 (R.M.E.); +34-93-5811373 (M.S.)
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.E.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-93-5813296 (R.M.E.); +34-93-5811373 (M.S.)
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13
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DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:964-974. [PMID: 34605386 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet (CAF) model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500 mg/kg per d) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus maze test was performed to analyse anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: P = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared with CAF + DHA/EPA, P < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF + DHA/EPA compared with the CAF group (P < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.
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14
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Sahin E, Saglam N, Erdem S, Alvuroglu E, Abidin I, Yulug E, Alver A. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2022; 306:120781. [PMID: 35835252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, including type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, and fatty liver disease. There have been significant efforts to discover molecules to treat ERS and/or to ameliorate associate symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effect of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) on ERS in liver and pancreas tissues in a cafeteria (CAF) diet induced metabolic syndrome model. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed CAF diet for 16 weeks and 7,8-DHF was administered intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg/day) for last four weeks. 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in liver and pancreas tissues, insulin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum were analyzed by ELISA method and serum biochemistry parameters were analyzed with autoanalyzer. GRP78 and CHOP gene expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. In addition, histopathological analyzes were performed on liver and pancreas tissues. KEY FINDINGS Findings revealed that CAF diet caused metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance and inflammation in serum and triggered ERS in pancreas and liver tissues. 7,8-DHF treatment significantly reduced metabolic abnormalities by reducing serum biochemical parameters, HOMO-IR and IL-1β levels. qRT-PCR and ELISA results indicated that 7,8-DHF treatment down-regulated GRP78 and CHOP expression and protein levels in the liver and GRP78 expression in pancreas. Efficiency of 7,8-DHF in these tissues was also demonstrated by histopathological tests. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, CAF diet-induced metabolic syndrome model, 7,8-DHF suppressed ERS and ERS-induced metabolic disorders in both liver and pancreas. Therefore, 7,8-DHF may potentially be a novel therapeutic compound to ameliorate ERS and related metabolic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Neslihan Saglam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Seniz Erdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Elif Alvuroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Ismail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
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15
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de Souza Nunes Faria MS, Pimentel VE, Helaehil JV, Bertolo MC, Santos NTH, da Silva-Neto PV, Thomazini BF, de Oliveira CA, do Amaral MEC. Caloric restriction overcomes pre-diabetes and hypertension induced by a high fat diet and renal artery stenosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5883-5895. [PMID: 35344116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calorie restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical metabolic control pathways, is well established and understood in cases of systemic arterial hypertension, however, its role in renovascular hypertension is still unclear. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. RESULTS Rats in the OHR group had decreased blood pressure, body weight, and glucose levels. Reductions in insulinemia and in lipid and islet fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed, along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of insulin-degrading enzyme levels. The expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), insulin receptor (IR), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and complex II proteins were increased in the liver tissue of the OHR group. Strong correlations, whether positive or negative, were evaluated via Spearman's model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α, and NNMT expressions with the restoration of normal blood pressure, weight loss, glycemic and lipid panel, and mitochondrial adaptation. CONCLUSION CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover the physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can provide physiological benefits in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicíus Eduardo Pimentel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomedical College, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Venturini Helaehil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomedical College, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Correa Bertolo
- Biomedical College, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Vieira da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fontana Thomazini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Andréa de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
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Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:23. [PMID: 35078449 PMCID: PMC8790830 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional plant-based remedies prescribed to treat diabetes have shown promise in research-based setting. Current research was conducted to examine the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of a folk herbal plant Euphorbia helioscopia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 5% sucrose in drinking water and cafeteria diet for 8 weeks with subsequent nicotinamide and streptozotocin administration. Diabetic rats were then distributed into four individual groups (n = 8); Positive control (PC; no treatment), standard control (SC; Metformin @ 10 mg/kg bw), treatment 1 (EH1, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @200 mg/kg bw) and treatment 2 (EH2, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @400 mg/kg bw). After 21 days of treatments, the rats were decapitated for blood collection. Serum was evaluated for antidiabetic potential, antioxidant and lipid profile, thyroid hormone, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Serum levels of glucagon, glucose and C-peptide were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in EH1 (1915.33 ± 98.26a pg/ml, 122.59 ± 2.99a mg/dl, 277.59 ± 28.41a pg/ml respectively) and EH2 (1575.28 ± 56.46a pg/ml, 106.04 ± 5.21a mg/dl, 395.06 ± 42.55a pg/ml respectively) as compared to the PC (3135.78 ± 189.46bpg/ml, 191.24 ± 17.75bmg/dl, 671.70 ± 109.75b pg/ml respectively) group. A similar trend was observed in serum insulin levels in EH1 and EH2 groups. The plant’s methanolic extract effectively reduced the total oxidant status (TOS) and MDA levels in the diabetic rats and increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) along with an increased level of SOD, Catalase, Paraoxonase, and arylesterase. The plant extract also induced antihyperlipidemic activity and recovered the thyroid hormones, amylin, and leptin levels to normal. The activity of different carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase has also been restored by the extract treatment. Conclusion Current study indicates the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of E. helioscopia methanolic extract in normalizing the lipid profile, thyroid hormones, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat model.
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Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Krzyśko- Pieczka I, Skowrońska B, Sliwowska JH. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes - From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785674. [PMID: 35197931 PMCID: PMC8858803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period, during which a fully formed newborn capable of surviving outside its mother's body is built from a single cell, is critical for human development. It is also the time when the foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, which may modulate the course of its development. Both epidemiological and animal studies have shown that foetal programming of physiological systems may alter the growth and function of organs and lead to pathology in adulthood. Nutrition is a particularly important environmental factor for the pregnant mother as it affects the condition of offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an unbalanced maternal metabolic status (under- or overnutrition) may cause long-lasting physiological and behavioural alterations, resulting in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Various diets are used in laboratory settings in order to induce maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, and to alter the offspring development. The most popular models are: high-fat, high-sugar, high-fat-high-sugar, and cafeteria diets. Maternal undernutrition models are also used, which results in metabolic problems in offspring. Similarly to animal data, human studies have shown the influence of mothers' diets on the development of children. There is a strong link between the maternal diet and the birth weight, metabolic state, changes in the cardiovascular and central nervous system of the offspring. The mechanisms linking impaired foetal development and adult diseases remain under discussion. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play a major role in prenatal programming. Additionally, sexually dimorphic effects on offspring are observed. Therefore, further research on both sexes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gertig-Kolasa
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Krzyśko- Pieczka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna H. Sliwowska,
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Kabasakal Çetin A, Alkan Tuğ T, Güleç A, Akyol A. Effects of maternal taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites and fetal growth and development in cafeteria diet fed rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11547. [PMID: 34141487 PMCID: PMC8180190 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity may disrupt the developmental process of the fetus during gestation in rats. Recent evidence suggests that taurine can exert protective role against detrimental influence of obesogenic diets. This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal cafeteria diet and/or taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites, fetal growth and development. METHODS Female Wistar rats were fed a control diet (CON), CON supplemented with 1.5% taurine in drinking water (CONT), cafeteria diet (CAF) or CAF supplemented with taurine (CAFT) from weaning. After 8 weeks all animals were mated and maintained on the same diets during pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS Dietary intakes were significantly different between the groups. Both CAF and CAFT fed dams consumed less water in comparison to CON and CONT dams. Taurine supplementation only increased plasma taurine concentrations in CONT group. Maternal plasma adiponectin concentrations increased in CAF and CAFT fed dams compared to CON and CONT fed dams and there was no effect of taurine. Hyperleptinemia was observed in CAF fed dams but not in CAFT fed dams. Malondialdehyde was significantly increased only in CAF fed dams. Litter size, sex ratio and birth weight were similar between the groups. There was an increase in neonatal mortality in CONT group. DISCUSSION This study showed that maternal taurine supplementation exerted modest protective effects on cafeteria diet induced maternal obesity. The increased neonatal mortality in CONT neonates indicates possible detrimental effects of taurine supplementation in the setting of normal pregnancy. Therefore, future studies should investigate the optimal dose of taurine supplementation and long term potential effects on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kabasakal Çetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Tuǧba Alkan Tuğ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Atila Güleç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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L. E. Mballa D, Yadang FSA, Tchamgoue AD, Mba JR, Tchokouaha LRY, M. Biang E, T. Tchinda A, Djomeni Dzeufiet DP, Agbor GA. Cafeteria Diet-Induced Metabolic and Cardiovascular Changes in Rats: The Role of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5585650. [PMID: 34122598 PMCID: PMC8189781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive body fat accumulation (obesity) that could cause metabolic and cardiovascular changes and even death. The increase in prevalence over time and the failure in treatment options make obesity a real public health problem. The present study assessed the preventive effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the Piper nigrum leaf on the development of metabolic and cardiovascular changes in cafeteria diet fed Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty-six male rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group (Nor.), a negative control group (Neg.), two groups administered different doses of extract in mg/kg (E250 and E500), and a group administered atorvastatin 10 mg/kg (Ator., reference drug). The animals were fed with experimental diets (standard and cafeteria) for a period of 5 weeks. Food and water intake were assessed daily, and the body weight assessed weekly. At the end of the feeding, plasma lipid profile and markers of hepatic and renal function were assessed. Furthermore, the relative weights of the adipose tissue and the organs were assessed. The liver, kidneys, and heart homogenates were assessed for markers of oxidative stress while the aorta was histopathologically examined. RESULTS Cafeteria diet-induced weight gain of 30% and increased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of more than 50%. Equally, an increase in the relative weight of accumulated adipose tissues of more than 90%, oxidative stress, and alteration in the organ structure were visible in cafeteria diet fed rats (Neg). Treatment with P. nigrum extract significantly prevented weight gain, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and alteration in the architecture of the aorta. The effect of P. nigrum extract was comparable to that of the reference drug. CONCLUSION Piper nigrum leaf may prevent weight gain and possess cardioprotective activity with a strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee L. E. Mballa
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fanta S. A. Yadang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armelle D. Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean R. Mba
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel M. Biang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alembert T. Tchinda
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Gabriel A. Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Bazhan NM, Iakovleva TV, Dubinina AD, Makarova EN. Impact of sex on the adaptation of adult mice to long consumption of sweet-fat diet. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:844-852. [PMID: 35087997 PMCID: PMC8763717 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, the most adequate model of human diet-induced obesity is obesity caused by the consumption of a sweet-fat diet (SFD), which causes more pronounced adiposity in females than in males. The aim of this work was to determine the sex-associated effect of SFD on the expression of genes related to carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in adult mice. For 10 weeks, male and female С57Bl mice were fed a standard laboratory chow (Control group) or a diet, which consisted of laboratory chow supplemented with sweet cookies, sunflower seeds and lard (SFD group). Weights of body, liver and fat depots, blood concentrations of hormones and metabolites, liver fat, and mRNA levels of genes involved in regulation of energy metabolism in the liver, perigonadal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (pgWAT, scWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured. SFD increased body weight and insulin resistance in mice of both sexes. Female mice that consumed SFD (SFD females) had a greater increase in adiposity than SFD males. SFD females showed a decreased expression of genes related to lipogenesis (Lpl) and glucose metabolism (G6pc, Pklr) in liver, as well as lipogenesis (Lpl, Slca4) and lipolysis (Lipe) in pgWAT, suggesting reduced energy expenditure. In contrast, SFD males showed increased lean mass gain, plasma insulin and FGF21 levels, expressions of Cpt1α gene in pgWAT and scWAT and Pklr gene in liver, suggesting enhanced lipid and glucose oxidation in these organs. Thus, in mice, there are sex-dependent differences in adaptation to SFD at the transcriptional level, which can help to explain higher adiposity in females under SFD consumtion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Bazhan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
Novosibirsk State University
| | - T. V. Iakovleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - A. D. Dubinina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E. N. Makarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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21
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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Ayton A, Ibrahim A. The Western diet: a blind spot of eating disorder research?-a narrative review and recommendations for treatment and research. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:579-596. [PMID: 31846028 PMCID: PMC7682725 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, in parallel with the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of eating disorders has increased and presentations have changed. In this narrative review, we consider recent research exploring the implications of changing patterns of food consumption on metabolic and neurobiological pathways, a hitherto neglected area in eating disorder research. One of the major changes over this time has been the introduction of ultra-processed (NOVA-4) foods, which are gradually replacing unprocessed and minimally processed foods. This has resulted in the increased intake of various sugars and food additives worldwide, which has important metabolic consequences: triggering insulin and glucose response, stimulating appetite, and affecting multiple endocrine and neurobiological pathways, as well as the microbiome. A paradigm shift is needed in the conceptual framework by which the vulnerability to, and maintenance of, different eating disorders may be understood, by integrating recent knowledge of the individual metabolic responses to modern highly processed foods into existing psychological models. This could stimulate research and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ayton
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Snowsfields Adolescent Unit, Mapother House, Maudsley Hospital, London
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Leigh SJ, Kaakoush NO, Escorihuela RM, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:71. [PMID: 32831895 PMCID: PMC7437044 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has been extensively utilised as an effective therapy for overweight- and obesity-associated changes that are linked to health complications. Several preclinical rodent studies have shown that treadmill exercise alongside an unhealthy diet improves metabolic health and microbiome composition. Furthermore, chronic exercise has been shown to alter hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in diet-induced obesity. However, limited work has investigated whether treadmill exercise commenced following exposure to an obesogenic diet is sufficient to alter microbiome composition and metabolic health. Methods To address this gap in the literature, we fed rats a high-fat/high-sugar western-style cafeteria diet and assessed the effects of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise on adiposity, diet-induced gut dysbiosis, as well as hypothalamic and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue gene expression. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to either regular chow or cafeteria diet and after 3 weeks half the rats on each diet were exposed to moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks while the remainder were exposed to a stationary treadmill. Results Microbial species diversity was uniquely reduced in exercising chow-fed rats, while microbiome composition was only changed by cafeteria diet. Despite limited effects of exercise on overall microbiome composition, exercise increased inferred microbial functions involved in metabolism, reduced fat mass, and altered adipose and hypothalamic gene expression. After controlling for diet and exercise, adipose Il6 expression and liver triglyceride concentrations were significantly associated with global microbiome composition. Conclusions Moderate treadmill exercise induced subtle microbiome composition changes in chow-fed rats but did not overcome the microbiome changes induced by prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet. Predicted metabolic function of the gut microbiome was increased by exercise. The effects of exercise on the microbiome may be modulated by obesity severity. Future work should investigate whether exercise in combination with microbiome-modifying interventions can synergistically reduce diet- and obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: what is the best choice? Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:24. [PMID: 32616730 PMCID: PMC7331639 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition that includes obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias among other, abnormalities that favors type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases development. Three main diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats exist: High carbohydrate diet (HCHD), high fat diet (HFD), and high carbohydrate-high fat diet (HCHHFD). We analyzed data from at least 35 articles per diet, from different research groups, to determine their effect on the development of the MS, aimed to aid researchers in choosing the model that better suits their research question; and also the best parameter that defines obesity, as there is no consensus to determine this condition in rats. For the HCHD we found a mild effect on body weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), but significant increases in triglycerides, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation. HFD had the greater increase in the parameters previously mentioned, followed by HCHHFD, which had a modest effect on FBG levels. Therefore, to study early stages of MS a HCHD is recommended, while HFD and HCHHFD better reproduce more severe stages of MS. We recommend the assessment of visceral fat accumulation as a good estimate for obesity in the rat.
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Manz koule J, Ndomou M, Njinkoue J, Tchoumbougnang F, Milong Melong C, Djopnang JD, Oumbe AS, Nchoutpouen M, Foumedzo R, Gouado I. Antihyperlipidemic potential of oil extracted from Ilisha africana on rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Effects of different diets used in diet-induced obesity models on insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19556. [PMID: 31862918 PMCID: PMC6925252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare different diets used to induce obesity in a head-to-head manner with a focus on insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were put on standard chow diet (SCD), normal-fat diet (NFD), cafeteria diet (CAF) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks starting at the age of 6 weeks. Both CAF and HFD led to obesity (weight gain of 179% and 194%, respectively), glucose intolerance and insulin resistance to a comparable extent. In aortas containing perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was best in the NFD group and worst in the CAF group. Reduced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1177 was observed in both CAF and HFD groups. Plasma coagulation activity was highest in the HFD group and lowest in the SCD group. Even the NFD group had significantly higher coagulation activity than the SCD group. In conclusions, CAF and HFD are both reliable mouse diets in inducing visceral obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. CAF is more effective than HFD in causing PVAT dysfunction and vascular dysfunction, whereas hypercoagulability was mostly evident in the HFD group. Coagulation activity was higher in NFD than NCD group.
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