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Garmaa G, Bunduc S, Kói T, Hegyi P, Csupor D, Ganbat D, Dembrovszky F, Meznerics FA, Nasirzadeh A, Barbagallo C, Kökény G. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of microRNA Profiling Studies in Chronic Kidney Diseases. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38804362 PMCID: PMC11130806 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an increasing health burden. Evidence suggests the importance of miRNA in diagnosing CKD, yet the reports are inconsistent. This study aimed to determine novel miRNA biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets from hypothesis-free miRNA profiling studies in human and murine CKDs. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted on five databases. Subgroup analyses of kidney diseases, sample types, disease stages, and species were conducted. A total of 38 human and 12 murine eligible studies were analyzed using Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) and vote-counting analyses. Gene set enrichment analyses of miRNA signatures in each kidney disease were conducted using DIANA-miRPath v4.0 and MIENTURNET. As a result, top target genes, Gene Ontology terms, the interaction network between miRNA and target genes, and molecular pathways in each kidney disease were identified. According to vote-counting analysis, 145 miRNAs were dysregulated in human kidney diseases, and 32 were dysregulated in murine CKD models. By RRA, miR-26a-5p was significantly reduced in the kidney tissue of Lupus nephritis (LN), while miR-107 was decreased in LN patients' blood samples. In both species, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Notch, mTOR signaling, apoptosis, G2/M checkpoint, and hypoxia were the most enriched pathways. These miRNA signatures and their target genes must be validated in large patient cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.N.)
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan-Bator 14210, Mongolia;
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street 37, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Fundeni Street 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Baross út 22-24, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kói
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Baross út 22-24, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dariimaa Ganbat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan-Bator 14210, Mongolia;
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-840, Japan
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Baross út 22-24, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Adél Meznerics
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.); (T.K.); (P.H.); (D.C.); (F.D.); (F.A.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária utca 41, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ailar Nasirzadeh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.N.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Section of Biology and Genetics “G. Sichel”, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.N.)
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Duan ZY, Bu R, Liang S, Chen XZ, Zhang C, Zhang QY, Li JJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Urinary miR-185-5p is a biomarker of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326026. [PMID: 38426107 PMCID: PMC10902439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For IgA nephropathy (IgAN), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is the most important prognostic pathological indicator in the mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and presence of crescents (MEST-C) score. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers for tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis would aid clinical monitoring of IgAN progression and improve patient prognosis. Methods The study included 188 patients with primary IgAN in separate confirmation and validation cohorts. The associations of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p with renal histopathological lesions and prognosis were explored using Spearman correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase experiments were used to identify hub genes for miR-185-5p. The fibrotic phenotypes of tubular epithelial cells were evaluated in vivo and in HK-2 cells. Results miRNA sequencing and cohort validation revealed that the expression levels of miR-92a-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-185-5p in urine were significantly increased among patients with IgAN; these levels could predict the extent of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in such patients. The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.742. The renal prognosis was significantly worse in the miR-185-5p high expression group than in the low expression group (P=0.003). Renal tissue in situ hybridization, bioinformatics analysis, and dual luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-185-5p affects prognosis in patients with IgAN mainly by influencing expression of the target gene tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) in renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro experiment revealed that an miR-185-5p mimic could reduce TJP1 expression in HK-2 cells, while increasing the levels of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III; these changes promoted the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype. An miR-185-5p inhibitor can reverse the fibrotic phenotype in renal tubular epithelial cells. In a unilateral ureteral obstruction model, the inhibition of miR-185-5p expression alleviated tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion Urinary miR-185-5p, a non-invasive biomarker of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis in IgAN, may promote the transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells to a fibrotic phenotype via TJP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, China
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Shankar M, Shetty A, N S M, C G S, A K, Tennankore K. Urinary exosomal miRNA signature of IgA nephropathy: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21400. [PMID: 38049447 PMCID: PMC10695945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The current "gold standard" for diagnosis is kidney biopsy, which is invasive and associated with morbidity. miRNAs are small, non-coding endogenous RNA that may serve as non-invasive biomarkers, and that are found in urinary exosomes. Thus far, there is a paucity of studies of the miRNA profile for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Hence, we aimed to study the urinary exosomal miRNA signature of Indian patients with IgA nephropathy. Fifty biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy patients, 50 healthy controls and 25 patients with ESKD (IgA nephropathy) were recruited over 2 years (2020-2022). Urinary exosomes were isolated from which miRNA was extracted . Analysis of urinary exosomal miRNA was done using the digital multiplexed nCounter® human v3 miRNA Expression Assay which contains 799 unique miRNA barcodes. Candidate miRNAs were identified using Lasso regression and consensus clustering. The mean age of IgA nephropathy patients was 36.32 ± 3.067 years, mean creatinine was 2.26 ± 0.318 mg/dl and mean proteinuria was 2.69 ± 0.64 g/day. Compared to healthy controls, the majority (N = 150) of miRNAs were significantly downregulated. Five candidate miRNAs (hsa.miR.146b.3p, hsa.miR.599, hsa.miR.4532, hsa.miR.664b.5p and hsa.miR.221.5p) were able to differentiate between IgA nephropathy cases and controls (AUC > 0.90); the presence of all 5 was associated with 100% specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing IgA nephropathy cases. This study of Indian patients identified that there was a significant difference in the urinary exosomal miRNA profile between IgA nephropathy cases and healthy controls, suggesting that miRNAs may be valuable in the non-invasive diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythri Shankar
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of NephroUrology, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Aditya Shetty
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of NephroUrology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Madhura N S
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of NephroUrology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreedhara C G
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of NephroUrology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kishan A
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of NephroUrology, Bengaluru, India
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Zhang M, Duan ZY, Zhang QY, Xu XGX, Zhang Y, Wang P, Duan SW, Wu J, Chen XM, Cai GY. Urinary miR-16-5p can be used as a potential marker of endocapillary hypercellularity in IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6048. [PMID: 37055445 PMCID: PMC10101996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis and leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide is IgA nephropathy (IgAN). More and more studies are describing urinary microRNA (miRNA) as a non-invasive marker for a variety of renal diseases. We screened candidate miRNAs based on data from three published IgAN urinary sediment miRNAs chips. In separate confirmation and validation cohorts, we included 174 IgAN patients, 100 patients with other nephropathies as disease controls (DC), and 97 normal controls (NC) for quantitative real-time PCR. A total of three candidate miRNAs, miR-16-5p, Let-7g-5p, miR-15a-5p were obtained. In both the confirmation and validation cohorts, these miRNAs levels were considerably higher in the IgAN than in NC, with miR-16-5p significantly higher than in DC. The area under the ROC curve for urinary miR-16-5p levels was 0.73. Correlation analysis suggested that miR-16-5p was positively correlated with endocapillary hypercellularity (r = 0.164 p = 0.031). When miR-16-5p was combined with eGFR, proteinuria and C4, the AUC value for predicting endocapillary hypercellularity was 0.726. By following the renal function of patients with IgAN, the levels of miR-16-5p were noticeably higher in the IgAN progressors than in the non- progressors (p = 0.036). Urinary sediment miR-16-5p can be used as noninvasive biomarkers for the assessment of endocapillary hypercellularity and diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Furthermore, urinary miR-16-5p may be predictors of renal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Duan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xie-Guan-Xuan Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shu-Wei Duan
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Hayward S, Parmesar K, Welsh GI, Suderman M, Saleem MA. Epigenetic Mechanisms and Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:514. [PMID: 36831050 PMCID: PMC9953384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A small subset of people with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have genetically driven disease. However, the disease mechanisms for the remaining majority are unknown. Epigenetic marks are reversible but stable regulators of gene expression with utility as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We aimed to identify and assess all published human studies of epigenetic mechanisms in NS. PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase were searched for original research articles examining any epigenetic mechanism in samples collected from people with steroid resistant NS, steroid sensitive NS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. Study quality was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Forty-nine studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of these examined micro-RNAs (n = 35, 71%). Study quality was low, with only 23 deemed higher quality, and most of these included fewer than 100 patients and failed to validate findings in a second cohort. However, there were some promising concordant results between the studies; higher levels of serum miR-191 and miR-30c, and urinary miR-23b-3p and miR-30a-5p were observed in NS compared to controls. We have identified that the epigenome, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, has been understudied in NS. Large clinical studies, which utilise the latest high-throughput technologies and analytical pipelines, should focus on addressing this critical gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hayward
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Kevon Parmesar
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
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Noncoding RNAs associated with IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 2022; 36:911-923. [PMID: 36495425 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common glomerulonephritides. The disease is characterized by haematuria, proteinuria, deposition of galactose-deficient IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium and mesangial hypercellularity, further leading to extracellular matrix expansion. Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for IgAN diagnosis. Due to the invasiveness of renal biopsy, there is an unmet need for noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose and estimate the severity of IgAN. Understanding the role of RNA molecules as genetic markers to target diseases may allow developing therapeutic and diagnostic markers. In this review we have focused on intrarenal, extrarenal and extracellular noncoding RNAs involved in the progression of IgAN. This narrative review summarizes the pathogenesis of IgAN along with the correlation of noncoding RNA molecules such as microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression, and that represent another type of regulation affecting the expression of specific glycosyltranferases, a key element contributing to the development of IgAN.
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Identifying MicroRNA Markers That Predict COVID-19 Severity Using Machine Learning Methods. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121964. [PMID: 36556329 PMCID: PMC9784129 DOI: 10.3390/life12121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with the SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience a wide range of symptoms, from being asymptomatic to having a mild fever and cough to a severe respiratory impairment that results in death. MicroRNA (miRNA), which plays a role in the antiviral effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, has the potential to be used as a novel marker to distinguish between patients who have various COVID-19 clinical severities. In the current study, the existing blood expression profiles reported in two previous studies were combined for deep analyses. The final profiles contained 1444 miRNAs in 375 patients from six categories, which were as follows: 30 patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms, 81 patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms, 30 non-COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms, 137 patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms, 31 non-COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms, and 66 healthy controls. An efficient computational framework containing four feature selection methods (LASSO, LightGBM, MCFS, and mRMR) and four classification algorithms (DT, KNN, RF, and SVM) was designed to screen clinical miRNA markers, and a high-precision RF model with a 0.780 weighted F1 was constructed. Some miRNAs, including miR-24-3p, whose differential expression was discovered in patients with acute lung injury complications brought on by severe COVID-19, and miR-148a-3p, differentially expressed against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, were identified, thereby suggesting the effectiveness and accuracy of our framework. Meanwhile, we extracted classification rules based on the DT model for the quantitative representation of the role of miRNA expression in differentiating COVID-19 patients with different severities. The search for novel biomarkers that could predict the severity of the disease could aid in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and in exploring the specific mechanisms of the complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, new therapeutic targets for the disease may be found.
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Szeto CC, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chan GCK, Luk CCW, Lai KB, Wang G, Chow KM, Mac-Moune Lai F. Urinary mi-106a for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy: Liquid biopsy for kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wei SY, Guo S, Feng B, Ning SW, Du XY. Identification of miRNA-mRNA network and immune-related gene signatures in IgA nephropathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:392. [PMID: 34823491 PMCID: PMC8620631 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, and its diagnosis depends mainly on renal biopsy. However, there is no specific treatment for IgAN. Moreover, its causes and underlying molecular events require further exploration. METHODS The expression profiles of GSE64306 and GSE93798 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to identify the differential expression of miRNAs and genes, respectively. The StarBase and TransmiR databases were employed to predict target genes and transcription factors of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to predict biological functions. A comprehensive analysis of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub genes were identified. CIBERSORT was used to examine the immune cells in IgAN, and correlation analyses were performed between the hub genes and infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS Four downregulated miRNAs and 16 upregulated miRNAs were identified. Forty-five and twelve target genes were identified for the upregulated and downregulated DE-miRNAs, respectively. CDKN1A, CDC23, EGR1, HIF1A, and TRIM28 were the hub genes with the highest degrees of connectivity. CIBERSORT revealed increases in the numbers of activated NK cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, CD4 naive T cells, and regulatory T cells in IgAN. Additionally, HIF1A, CDC23, TRIM28, and CDKN1A in IgAN patients were associated with immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS A potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network contributing to IgAN onset and progression was successfully established. The results of the present study may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of IgAN by targeting established miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. Infiltrating immune cells may play significant roles in IgAN pathogenesis. Future studies on these immune cells may help guide immunotherapy for IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Wei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xuan-Yi Du
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Xu Y, He Y, Hu H, Xu R, Liao Y, Dong X, Song H, Chen X, Chen J. The increased miRNA-150-5p expression of the tonsil tissue in patients with IgA nephropathy may be related to the pathogenesis of disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108124. [PMID: 34600394 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microRNA (miRNA) expression of the tonsil tissues in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) has not been reported in the literature. METHODS In this study, the expression of nine miRNAs was measured in the tonsil tissues of patients with IgAN, including miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-34a-5p, miRNA-146a-5p, miRNA-146b-5p, miRNA-148b-3p, miRNA-150-5p, miRNA-155-5p, and miRNA-181a-5p. Forty patients with proved primary IgA nephropathy were enrolled in our study, 20 IgAN patients with gross hematuria, which induced by tonsillitis (GH-IgAN group) and 20 IgAN patients without gross hematuria in the history (non-GH-IgAN group). Another 20 patients recruited as the control group (CT group) were chronic tonsillitis without kidney disease. RESULTS Compared to the CT group, the expression level of miRNA-150-5p in the tonsils was significantly upregulated in the GH-IgAN group, but not in the non-GH-IgAN group (P = 0.031 and P = 0.122, respectively). A correlation analysis was performed between the expression of miRNAs in the tonsils and the clinical data of IgAN patients. The results showed that in the GH-IgAN group, the miRNA-150 expression was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (β = 2.36, 95% CI 1.11-3.61, P = 0.0016), diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.02, 95% CI 0.22-1.82, P = 0.0224), uric acid (β = 7.43, 95% CI 1.81-13.04, P = 0.0184), leukocyte count (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.35, P = 0039), neutrophil count (β = 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.32, P = 0.0096), cholesterol (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.16, P = 0.0207) and triglyceride level (β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10-0.22, P < 0.000). Besides, it was negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β = -2.06, 95% CI: -3.90 - -0.21, P = 0.0421) in the GH-IgAN group; however, no significant correlation was found in the non-GH-IgAN group. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that miRNA-150-5p may be important in the pathogenesis of IgAN, especially in mucosal immunity against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yongcheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ricong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China; Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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11
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Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is considered that the pathogenesis of IgAN involves the ‘multiple hit theory’ and the immune-inflammatory mechanism; however, these theories have certain limitations. The gold standard for diagnosing IgAN is still renal biopsy. Although renal biopsy is accurate, it is traumatic and is associated with some risks and limitations, so there is a need for non-invasive diagnostic methods. According to recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of IgAN; thus, they provide the possibility of the noninvasive diagnosis of IgAN and also have some value in predicting prognosis. This review summarizes the current research status of miRNAs in the occurrence, development, diagnosis, and prognosis of IgAN. We also highlight some interesting and challenging points that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaling Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanping An
- Medicine Experiment Center, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jingge Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Renal Research Institution, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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The Zebrafish Model to Understand Epigenetics in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179152. [PMID: 34502062 PMCID: PMC8431166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are able to alter gene expression and include DNA methylation, different histone variants, and post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs), such as acetylation or phosphorylation, and through short/long RNAs, respectively. In this review, we focus on current knowledge concerning epigenetic modifications in gene regulation. We describe different forms of epigenetic modifications and explain how epigenetic changes can be detected. The relevance of epigenetics in renal diseases is highlighted with multiple examples and the use of the zebrafish model to study glomerular diseases in general and epigenetics in renal diseases in particular is discussed. We end with an outlook on how to use epigenetic modifications as a therapeutic target for different diseases. Here, the zebrafish model can be employed as a high-throughput screening tool not only to discover epigenetic alterations contributing to disease, but also to test novel substances that change epigenetic signatures in vivo. Therefore, the zebrafish model harbors the opportunity to find novel pathogenic pathways allowing a pre-selection of potential targets and compounds to be tested for renal diseases.
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13
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The Non-Coding RNA Landscape in IgA Nephropathy-Where Are We in 2021? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112369. [PMID: 34071162 PMCID: PMC8198207 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most commonly diagnosed primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is a slow progressing disease with approximately 30% of cases reaching end-stage kidney disease within 20 years of diagnosis. It is currently only diagnosed by an invasive biopsy and treatment options are limited. However, the current surge in interest in RNA interference is opening up new horizons for the use of this new technology in the field of IgAN management. A greater understanding of the fundamentals of RNA interference offers exciting possibilities both for biomarker discovery and, more importantly, for novel therapeutic approaches to target key pathogenic pathways in IgAN. This review aims to summarise the RNA interference literature in the context of microRNAs and their association with the multifaceted aspects of IgA nephropathy.
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14
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Liu L, Duan A, Guo Q, Sun G, Cui W, Lu X, Yu H, Luo P. Detection of microRNA-33a-5p in serum, urine and renal tissue of patients with IgA nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:205. [PMID: 33500698 PMCID: PMC7818539 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the levels of microRNA (miR)-33a-5p in the renal tissue, serum and urine of patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN), thereby preliminarily exploring the association between the levels of miR-33a-5p and the condition of primary IgAN to provide evidence for the expression of miR-33a-5p in the serum and urine of IgAN patients as a clinical marker. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the level of miR-33a-5p in IgAN patients according to severity and pathological classification. The results suggested that the levels of miR-33a-5p in the serum, urine and kidney tissues of patients with IgAN were lower than those of the control tissues obtained from cancer patients (0.28±0.25 vs. 1.00±0.45, P<0.05; 0.34±0.28 vs. 1.00±0.53, P<0.05; 0.47±0.27 vs. 1.00±0.38, P<0.05, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the serum and urine levels of miR-33a-5p may be used as a marker to differentiate renal injury in IgAN patients from healthy individuals. At the same time, according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Lee classification of nephropathy, it was determined that with the progression of renal failure and the increase of the pathological grade of kidney tissue, the relative level of miR-33a-5p in kidney tissue also decreased (eGFR <50 ml/min vs. eGFR ≥50 ml/min/1.73 m2 group: 0.38±0.27 vs. 1.00±0.34, P<0.001; Lee grade ≤3 group vs. Lee grade >3: 1.00±0.48 vs. 0.38±0.45, P<0.05). This result suggested that the levels of miR-33a-5p in serum, urine and kidney tissues decreased with the severity of renal injury and the progression of renal failure in patients with IgAN. Hence, miR-33a-5p detected in the serum and urine may be used as a non-invasive biomarker to reflect the progression of renal injury and renal failure in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Aosong Duan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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15
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Pawluczyk IZA, Didangelos A, Barbour SJ, Er L, Becker JU, Martin R, Taylor S, Bhachu JS, Lyons EG, Jenkins RH, Fraser D, Molyneux K, Perales-Patón J, Saez-Rodriguez J, Barratt J. Differential expression of microRNA miR-150-5p in IgA nephropathy as a potential mediator and marker of disease progression. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1127-1139. [PMID: 33417998 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why certain patients with IgA nephropathy progress to kidney failure while others maintain normal kidney function remains a major unanswered question. To help answer this, we performed miRNome profiling by next generation sequencing of kidney biopsies in order to identify microRNAs specifically associated with the risk of IgA nephropathy progression. Following sequencing and validation in independent cohorts, four microRNAs (-150-5p, -155-5p, -146b-5p, -135a-5p) were found to be differentially expressed in IgA nephropathy progressors compared to non-progressors, and patients with thin membrane nephropathy, lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy, and correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and the Oxford MEST-C scores (five histological features that are independent predictors of clinical outcome). Each individual microRNA increased the discrimination score of the International IgAN Prediction Tool, although due to the small number of samples the results did not reach statistical significance. miR-150-5p exhibited the largest amplitude of expression between cohorts and displayed the best discrimination between IgA nephropathy progressors and non-progressors by receiver operating curve analysis (AUC: 0.8). However, expression was similarly upregulated in kidneys with established fibrosis and low estimated glomerular filtration rates at the time of biopsy. Consistent with a more generic role in kidney fibrosis, in situ hybridization revealed that miR-150-5p was found in lymphoid infiltrates, and areas of proliferation and fibrosis consistent with the known drivers of progression. Thus, miR-150-5p may be a potential functional mediator of kidney fibrosis that may add value in predicting risk of progression in IgA nephropathy and other kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Z A Pawluczyk
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean J Barbour
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lee Er
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Martin
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott Taylor
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jasraj S Bhachu
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward G Lyons
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- Wales Kidney Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Donald Fraser
- Wales Kidney Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Karen Molyneux
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Javier Perales-Patón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- The Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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16
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Bhardwaj N, Sena M, Ghaffari G, Ishmael F. MiR-4668 as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2020; 11:2152656720953378. [PMID: 32923026 PMCID: PMC7457706 DOI: 10.1177/2152656720953378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinico-pathological diagnosis
characterized by esophageal dysfunction and eosinophilic infiltration of the
esophagus. Demonstration of esophageal eosinophilia (more than 15
eosinophils/hpf) in biopsy specimen obtained by esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD) continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of
response to therapy. There is a growing necessity for non-invasive
biomarkers that can accurately diagnose this condition and assess response
to therapy. While microRNAs (miRNA) are being investigated in allergic
diseases, including EoE, not many studies have explored the role of salivary
miRNAs in EoE. MiR-4668-5p is a particularly interesting candidate, as it is
predicted to regulate TGF-beta signaling and has not previously been
identified as a target in any allergy disease. We sought to further
investigate the role of miR-4668 as a biomarker to characterize and monitor
response to treatment with swallowed topical glucocorticoids. Methods After IRB approval, twenty-two adult patients with EoE were randomly enrolled
to provide a saliva sample before and after 2 months of swallowed
fluticasone therapy. Differences of miRNA expression before and after
treatment were analyzed by paired T-test. A significance cutoff of <0.05
was used for all analyses. Results Expression of miR-4668 was higher in EoE vs. non-EoE subjects. The level of
miR-4668 decreased in all subjects except one, with a mean fold change
0.49 ± 0.25. There was an association between miRNA expression and number of
positive aeroallergens. The miR-4668 high group had a higher number of
positive aeroallergen tests, while the miR-4668 low group had a greater
number of subjects with drug allergies. Conclusions In this study, we identified that salivary miRNAs may serve as biomarkers to
characterize EoE and response to topical corticosteroids. We specifically
identified miR-4668 as a novel potential biomarker, which was not previously
discovered as a target in EoE or any other allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Bhardwaj
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Pennsylvania State Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Sena
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gisoo Ghaffari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Faoud Ishmael
- Mount Nittany Medical Center, Allergy and Immunology Group, State College, Pennsylvania
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17
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Ramanathan K, Padmanabhan G. MiRNAs as potential biomarker of kidney diseases: A review. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:990-1005. [PMID: 32500596 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22 nucleotides short, non-coding and tissue-specific single-stranded RNA which modulates target gene expression. Presently, shreds of evidence confirmed that miRNAs play a key role in kidney pathophysiology. The objectives of the present review are to summarize new research data towards the latest developments in the potential use of miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for kidney diseases. This holistic information will update the existing knowledge of kidney disease biomarkers. "miRNA profile for Diabetic Kidney disease, Acute kidney injury, Renal fibrosis, hemodialysis, transplants, FSGS, IgAN, etc." are the search keywords which have been used in this review. The search outcome gave an exciting insightful perception of miRNAs competence as a biomarker. Also it is observed that various samples as plasma, urine and biopsies were used for profiling the miRNA expression. The miRNAs were not only used for diagnostic biomarkers but also for therapeutic targets. Each kidney disease showed different miRNAs expression profile and few miRNAs quite common with some kidney diseases. miRNAs are simple and efficient diagnostic biomarkers for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaresan Ramanathan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University (Ayder Campus), Mekelle, Ethiopia
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18
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression on the post-transcriptional level. Since miRNAs are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other important cellular processes, their deregulation is important for the development of a wide range of diseases including cancer. Apart from tissue, specific disease-related miRNA signatures can be found in body fluids as well. Especially for urologic diseases or injuries, urine miRNAs represent a promising group of biomarkers. Despite a large number of studies describing the importance of urinary miRNAs, there is a lack of recommendations for urine management and subsequent miRNA analysis. Thus, in this chapter, we aim to describe the origin and functions of urinary miRNAs and discuss the technical aspects of their detection including the pre-analytical phase principles and new directions in quantification, which could forward urine miRNA into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Juracek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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19
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The Role of MicroRNAs in Selected Forms of Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205050. [PMID: 31614644 PMCID: PMC6834307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) represents a collection of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation within the renal glomeruli and small blood vessels. The lesions that occur in other nephron structures mainly result from the harmful effects of proteinuria. In recent years, an emphasis has been placed on gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GN in order to facilitate diagnoses and provide efficient and targeted treatments of the disease. Owing to the advanced molecular and genetic diagnostic techniques available today, researchers have been able to elucidate that most cases of GN are determined by genetic risk factors and are associated with the abnormal functioning of the immune system (the immunologically mediated forms of GN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of single-stranded, non-coding molecules, approximately 20 nucleotides in length, that act as regulatory factors in the post-transcriptional processes capable of regulating the expression of multiple genes. In this paper we present the available research aiming to determine effects of miRNAs on the development and progression of GN and discuss the potential role of miRNAs as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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20
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Liu J, Han X, Zhu G, Liu S, Lu Q, Tang Z. Analysis of potential functional significance of microRNA‑3613‑3p in human umbilical vein endothelial cells affected by heat stress. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1846-1856. [PMID: 31257536 PMCID: PMC6625459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA‑3613‑3p (miR‑3613‑3p) was previously reported in endothelial cells (ECs) during heat stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the precise role of miR‑3613‑3p in heat stress. In the present study, potential gene targets of miR‑3613‑3p in heat‑treated ECs were assessed, and the potential effects of miR‑3613‑3p were determined using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was used to identify signaling pathways that may be affected by miR‑3613‑3p in heat‑treated cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and annexin V‑FITC/propidium iodide staining were performed to detect miRNA expression, protein expression and apoptosis, respectively. Luciferase gene reporter assay was performed to evaluate the association between miR‑3613‑3p and mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2). Bioinformatics analysis revealed 865 potential gene targets for miR‑3613‑3p and a series of functions and pathways in heat‑treated ECs. 'Negative regulation of apoptotic process' was identified as a potential function of miR‑3613‑3p. In addition, functional analysis confirmed the downregulated expression levels of miR‑3613‑3p in ECs during heat stress, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis; restoration of miR‑3613‑3p expression inhibited apoptosis. MAP3K2 protein was demonstrated to be upregulated in heat‑treated ECs, and overexpression of miR‑3613‑3p reduced MAP3K2 expression levels. Additionally, MAP3K2 was targeted by miR‑3613‑3p. These results indicated that miR‑3613‑3p may have complicated roles in ECs under heat stress. miR‑3613‑3p may serve an important role in the apoptosis of heat‑treated ECs, and this effect may be partly achieved by targeting MAP3K2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Hefei BOE Hospital Co., Ltd., Anhui, Hefei 230011, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Han
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guoguo Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiping Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhi Tang
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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21
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Mo MQ, Pan L, Tan L, Jiang L, Pan YQ, Li FJ, Yang ZH, Liao YH. Association between VDR gene FokI polymorphism and renal function in patients with IgA nephropathy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7092. [PMID: 31218132 PMCID: PMC6563792 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are genetically susceptible, but the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and renal function in IgAN patients is unclear. Methods We investigated the relationship between VDR FokI (rs2228570) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and renal function and related clinicopathologic parameters in IgAN patients. Clinical and pathological data of 282 IgAN patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were collected, and FokI genotypes were determined by PCR and direct sequencing. Patients were divided into the renal dysfunction group and normal renal function (control) group by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine level. Results Frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in the renal dysfunction group were higher than those of the control group. Blood urea nitrogen, serum phosphorus (P), proportions of mesangial cell proliferation, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and crescents in T allele carriers were higher than those in non-T allele carriers, while eGFR and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 were lower in T allele carriers than non-T allele carriers. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that eGFR was affected by FokI genotypes in IgAN patients. Logistics regression analysis showed that middle and elderly age, elevated P, intact parathyroid hormone and TT genotype were independent risk factors for renal dysfunction in IgAN patients; the odds ratio of carrying the TT genotype was as high as 84.77 (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions IgA nephropathy patients carrying the VDR FokI TT genotype have an increased risk of renal dysfunction. VDR FokI SNP is closely related to renal function, calcium-phosphate metabolism, and related pathological damage in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Qiu Mo
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong-Qing Pan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fu-Ji Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun-Hua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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22
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Zhou G, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhang W, Wang H, Xin G. Both Peripheral Blood and Urinary miR-195-5p, miR-192-3p, miR-328-5p and Their Target Genes PPM1A, RAB1A and BRSK1 May Be Potential Biomarkers for Membranous Nephropathy. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1903-1916. [PMID: 30865617 PMCID: PMC6427931 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for membranous nephropathy (MN). Material/Methods The mRNA microarray datasets GSE73953 using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 membranous nephropathy patients and 2 control patients; and microRNAs (miRNA) microarray dataset GSE64306 using urine sediments of 4 membranous nephropathy patients and 6 control patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were respectively identified from PBMCs and urine sediments of membranous nephropathy patients, followed with functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and miRNA-target gene analysis. Finally, the DEGs and the target genes of DEMs were overlapped to obtain crucial miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs for membranous nephropathy. Results A total of 1246 DEGs were identified from PBMCs samples, among them upregulated CCL5 was found to be involved in the chemokine signaling pathway, and BAX was found to be apoptosis related; while downregulated PPM1A and CDK1 were associated with the MAPK signaling pathway and the p53 signaling pathway, respectively. The hub role of CDK1 (degree=18) and CCL5 (degree=12) were confirmed after protein-protein interaction network analysis in which CKD1 could interact with RAB1A. A total of 28 DEMs were identified in urine sediments. The 276 target genes of DEMs were involved in cell cycle arrest (PPM1A) and intracellular signal transduction (BRSK1). Thirteen genes were shared between the DEGs in PMBCs and the target genes of DEMs in urine sediments, but only hsa-miR-192-3p-RAB1A, hsa-miR-195-5p-PPM1A, and hsa-miR-328-5p-BRSK1 were negatively related in their expression level. Conclusions Both peripheral blood and urinary miR-195-5p, miR-192-3p, miR-328-5p, and their target genes PPM1A, RAB1A, and BRSK1 may be potential biomarkers for membranous nephropathy by participating in inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Huaying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Guangda Xin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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23
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Renal miR-148b is associated with megalin down-regulation in IgA nephropathy. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181578. [PMID: 30355654 PMCID: PMC6239259 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is essential for proximal tubule reabsorption of filtered proteins, hormones, and vitamins, and its dysfunction has been reported in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). miR-148b has been shown to regulate renal megalin expression in vitro and in animal models of kidney disease. We examined a potential role of miR-148b and other miRNAs in regulating megalin expression in IgAN by analyzing the association between megalin and miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-192 expression. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis identified a marked increase in renal levels of several miRNAs, including miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, and a significant decrease in megalin mRNA levels in IgAN patients when compared with normal controls. By multiple linear regression analysis, however, only renal miR-148b was independently associated with megalin mRNA levels in IgAN. Proximal tubule megalin expression was further evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling of biopsies from the patients. The megalin expression was significantly lower in patients with highest levels of renal miR-148b compared with patients with lowest levels. To examine the direct effects of the miRNAs on megalin and other membrane proteins expression, proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells were transfected with miR-148b, miR-21, miR-146a, or miR-192 mimics. Transfection with miR-148b mimic, but not the other three miRNA mimics inhibited endogenous megalin mRNA expression. No significant effect of any of the four miRNA mimics was observed on cubilin or aquaporin 1 (AQP1) mRNA expression. The findings suggest that miR-148b negatively regulates megalin expression in IgAN, which may affect renal uptake and metabolism of essential substances.
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24
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Nowak I, Boratyn E, Durbas M, Horwacik I, Rokita H. Exogenous expression of miRNA-3613-3p causes APAF1 downregulation and affects several proteins involved in apoptosis in BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1787-1799. [PMID: 30066861 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non‑coding RNAs involved in post‑transcriptional gene regulation. Furthermore, dysregulation of miRNA expression is an important factor in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Our previous study identified that overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‑induced protein 1 protein led to a significant downregulation of a novel miRNA molecule, miRNA‑3613‑3p. In the present study, the potential involvement of miRNA‑3613‑3p in the cell biology of neuroblastoma was investigated. It was identified that the expression of miRNA‑3613‑3p varies among a range of human neuroblastoma cell lines. As the delineation of the functions of a miRNA requires the identification of its target genes, seven putative mRNAs that may be regulated by miRNA‑3613‑3p were selected. Furthermore, it was identified that overexpression of miRNA‑3613‑3p causes significant downregulation of several genes exhibiting tumor suppressive potential [encoding apoptotic protease‑activating factor 1 (APAF1), Dicer, DNA fragmentation factor subunit β, von Hippel‑Lindau protein and neurofibromin 1] in BE(2)‑C human neuroblastoma cells. APAF1 mRNA was the most significantly decreased transcript in the cells with miRNA‑3613‑3p overexpression. In accordance with the aforementioned results, the downregulation of cleaved caspase-9 and lack of activation of executive caspases in BE(2)‑C cells following miRNA‑3613‑3p overexpression was observed. The results of the present study suggest a potential underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis inhibition via APAF1 downregulation in human neuroblastoma BE(2)‑C cells with miRNA‑3613‑3p overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Boratyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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25
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Duan ZY, Cai GY, Li JJ, Bu R, Wang N, Yin P, Chen XM. U6 can be used as a housekeeping gene for urinary sediment miRNA studies of IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10875. [PMID: 30022109 PMCID: PMC6052115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that urinary sediment miRNAs not only are able to serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) but may also be closely related to several clinical and pathological indicators. However, the lack of a suitable internal reference miRNA has hampered research into urinary sediment miRNAs. To date, U6 has been used as a reference gene in urinary sediment miRNA studies mostly based on the results from studies using tissue samples and cell lines. In a total of 330 IgAN patients, 164 disease control patients and 130 normal control patients, there was no significant difference in U6 levels. We also compared the U6 levels in different types of primary glomerular disease groups (IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, minimal change nephrosis and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis). The results confirmed that there was no significant difference in the expression of U6 in different primary glomerular disease groups. Moreover, treatment had no significant effect on the expression levels of U6 in IgA nephropathy. Therefore, U6 is an excellent housekeeping gene for urinary sediment miRNA studies of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Duan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ji-Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Ru Bu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - NanNan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Pei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
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26
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Fricke A, Cimniak A, Ullrich P, Becherer C, Bickert C, Pfeifer D, Heinz J, Stark G, Bannasch H, Braig D, Eisenhardt S. Whole blood miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-3613-3p as a potential biomarker for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:199-207. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fricke
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A.F.V. Cimniak
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P.V. Ullrich
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C. Becherer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C. Bickert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D. Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Heinz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G.B. Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Bannasch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D. Braig
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S.U. Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Wu J, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhu M, Qi LW, Wang T, Cheng W, Zhu J, Shan X, Huang Z, Zhang L, Chen Y, Sun B, Zhao X, Qian J, Zhu W, Zhou X, Xing C. Plasma microRNA signature of patients with IgA nephropathy. Gene 2018; 649:80-86. [PMID: 29459010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We looked for differentially expressed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Forty-eight miRNAs were identified through the initial screening phase (2 IgAN pools vs. 1 normal control (NC) pool) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based Exiqon panel (miRCURY-Ready-to-Use-PCR-Human-panel-I + II-V1.M). By qRT-PCR, these miRNAs were further assessed in the training (32 IgAN VS. 31 NCs) and testing stages (51 IgAN VS. 51 NCs). The renal pathological lesions of patients with IgAN were evaluated according to Lee's grading system. We discovered a plasma miRNA signature including four up-regulated miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-20a-5p and miR-425-3p) and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were 0.80 and 0.76 for the training and testing stage, respectively. The expression of the four miRNAs in IgAN grade I-II subgroups (according to Lee's grading system) was obviously higher than that in IgAN grade III-V (P < .05). In summary, the plasma expression of miR-148a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-20a-5p and miR-425-3p were up-regulated in patients with IgAN, especially the early-stage disease. Further studies are needed to explore the roles of the four miRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Huo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wenfang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, No. 42 BaiZi Ting, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xia Shan
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xiufen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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28
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Selvaskandan H, Pawluczyk I, Barratt J. MicroRNAs: a new avenue to understand, investigate and treat immunoglobulin A nephropathy? Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:29-37. [PMID: 29423198 PMCID: PMC5798124 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Up to 30% of cases develop the progressive form of the disease, eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. Diagnosis and risk stratification relies on an invasive kidney biopsy and management options are limited, with recurrence following renal transplantation being common. Thus the quest to understand the pathophysiology of IgAN has been one of great importance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short nucleotides that suppress gene expression by hybridizing to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNAs), promoting mRNA degradation or disrupting translation. First discovered in 1993, miRs have since been implicated in a number of chronic conditions, including cancer, heart disease and kidney disease. The mounting interest in the field of miRs has led to fascinating developments in the field of nephrology, ranging from their roles as biomarkers for disease to the development of miR antagonists as avenues for treatment. The translational potential for miRs in IgAN is thus well grounded and may represent a paradigm shift in current approaches to the disease. This review aims to summarize the literature with regard to miRs and their roles in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Selvaskandan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Izabella Pawluczyk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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29
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Duan ZY, Cai GY, Li JJ, Bu R, Chen XM. Urinary Erythrocyte-Derived miRNAs: Emerging Role in IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:738-748. [DOI: 10.1159/000481970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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30
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Liu J, Zhu G, Xu S, Liu S, Lu Q, Tang Z. Analysis of miRNA expression profiling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells affected by heat stress. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1719-1730. [PMID: 29039486 PMCID: PMC5716433 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulation of endothelial cell (EC) microRNAs (miRNAs) altered by heat stress, miRNA microarrays and bioinformatics methods were used to determine changes in miRNA profiles and the pathophysiological characteristics of differentially expressed miRNAs. A total of 31 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 20 downregulated and 11 upregulated miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the validated targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in gene transcription regulation. The pathways were also significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, and most were cancer-related, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, pathways involved in cancer, the Wnt signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, proteoglycans involved in cancer and axon guidance. The miRNA-gene and miRNA-GO network analyses revealed several hub miRNAs, genes and functions. Notably, miR-3613-3p played a dominant role in both networks. MAP3K2, MGAT4A, TGFBR1, UBE2R2 and SMAD4 were most likely to be controlled by the altered miRNAs in the miRNA-gene network. The miRNA-GO network analysis revealed significantly complicated associations between miRNAs and different functions, and that the significantly enriched functions targeted by the differentially expressed miRNAs were mostly involved in regulating gene transcription. The present study demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of heat-treated ECs. Understanding the functions of miRNAs may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the heat-induced pathophysiology of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guoguo Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Siya Xu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiping Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhi Tang
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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31
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Kumar S, Vijayan M, Reddy PH. MicroRNA-455-3p as a potential peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3808-3822. [PMID: 28934394 PMCID: PMC6075184 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) as early detectable peripheral biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To achieve our objective, we assessed miRNAs in serum samples from AD patients and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects relative to healthy controls. We used Affymetrix microarray analysis and validated differentially expressed miRNAs using qRT-PCR. We further validated miRNA data using AD postmortem brains, amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and AD cell lines. We identified a gradual upregulation of four miRNAs: miR-455-3p, miR-4668-5p, miR-3613-3p and miR-4674. A fifth miRNA, mir-6722, was down-regulated in persons with AD and mild cognitive impairment compared with controls. Validation analysis by qRT-PCR showed significant upregulation of only miR-455-3p (P = 0.007) and miR-4668-5p (P = 0.016) in AD patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of the AD postmortem brains with different Braak stages also showed upregulation of miR-455-3p (P = 0.016). However, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) curve analysis revealed a significant area under curve (AUC) value only for miR-455-3p in the serum (AUROC = 0.79; P = 0.015) and brains (AUROC = 0.86; P = 0.016) of AD patients. Expression analysis of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice also revealed high level of mmu-miR-455-3p (P = 0.004) in the cerebral cortex (AD-affected) region of brain and low in the non-affected area, i.e. cerebellum. Furthermore, human and mouse neuroblastoma cells treated with the amyloid-β(1-42) peptide also showed a similarly higher expression of miR-455-3p. Functional analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs via the miR-path indicated that miR-455-3p was associated in the regulation of several biological pathways. Genes associated with these pathways were found to have a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. An increase in miR-455-3p expression found in AD patients and Aβ pathologies unveiled its biomarker characteristics and a precise role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Biomarker Unit, Garrison Institute on Aging
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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32
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Wang X, Wilkinson R, Kildey K, Potriquet J, Mulvenna J, Lobb RJ, Möller A, Cloonan N, Mukhopadhyay P, Kassianos AJ, Healy H. Unique molecular profile of exosomes derived from primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells under diseased conditions. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1314073. [PMID: 28473886 PMCID: PMC5405564 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1314073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) of the kidney are known to respond to and mediate the disease process in a wide range of kidney diseases, yet their exosomal production and exosome molecular cargo remain a mystery. Here we investigate, for the first time, the production and molecular content of exosomes derived from primary human PTEC cultured under normal and diseased conditions representing a spectrum of in vivo disease severity from early inflammation, experienced in multiple initial kidney disease states, through to hypoxia, frequently seen in late stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to fibrosis and vascular compromise. We demonstrate a rapid reproducible methodology for the purification of PTEC-derived exosomes, identify increased numbers of exosomes from disease-state cultures and identify differential expression levels of both known and unique miRNA and protein species from exosomes derived from different disease-culture conditions. The validity of our approach is supported by the identification of miRNA, proteins and pathways with known CKD associations, providing a rationale to further evaluate these novel and known pathways as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Min QH, Chen XM, Zou YQ, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y, Li SQ, Gao QF, Sun F, Liu J, Xu YM, Lin J, Huang LF, Huang B, Wang XZ. Differential expression of urinary exosomal microRNAs in IgA nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28383146 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis in the world. Reliable biomarkers are required for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of IgAN. This study aims to investigate the difference in urinary exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles between patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and healthy controls, which may provide clues to identify novel potential non-invasive miRNA biomarkers for renal diseases. METHODS Urine samples were collected from eighteen healthy controls and eighteen patients with IgAN. Differential centrifugation was performed to isolate exosomes from urine samples. High-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were sequentially used to screen and further validate miRNA expression profiles in urinary exosomes of patients with IgAN in two independent cohorts. RESULTS Urinary exosomes were successfully isolated to obtain exosomal miRNAs. MiR-215-5p and miR-378i were significantly upregulated in urinary exosomes of patients with IgAN compared with healthy controls (P<.01), while miR-29c and miR-205-5p were significantly downregulated (P<.05). MiR-215-5p, miR-378i, miR-365b-3p and miR-135b-5p were found to have altered expression in patients with IgAN from validation cohorts, which was consistent with the high-throughput sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is a significant difference in urinary exosomal miRNA profiles between patients with IgAN and healthy controls. These exosomal miRNAs, such as miR-29c, miR-146a and miR-205 may potentially serve as novel non-invasive biomarkers for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi-Min Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiu-Fang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin-Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Trionfini P, Benigni A. MicroRNAs as Master Regulators of Glomerular Function in Health and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1686-1696. [PMID: 28232619 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression, and the dysregulation of miRNAs is a common feature of several diseases. More miRNAs are identified almost daily, revealing the complexity of these transcripts in eukaryotic cellular networks. The study of renal miRNAs, using genetically modified mice or by perturbing endogenous miRNA levels, has revealed the important biologic roles miRNAs have in the major cell lineages that compose the glomerulus. Here, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and function in regulating key genes and cellular pathways in glomerular cells during development and homeostasis. Moreover, we focus on the emerging mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to different diseases affecting the glomerulus, such as FSGS, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. In-depth knowledge of miRNA-based gene regulation has made it possible to unravel pathomechanisms, enabling the design of new therapeutic strategies for glomerular diseases for which available therapies are not fully efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Trionfini
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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Abstract
We have summarized the latest findings on markers for progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis with a high prevalence among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The clinical predictors of renal outcome in IgAN nephropathy, such as proteinuria, hypertension, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of the diagnosis, are well known. The Oxford classification of IgAN identified four types of histological lesions (known as the MEST score) associated with the development of ESRD and/or a 50 % reduction in eGFR. In addition, the role of genetic risk factors associated with IgAN is being elucidated by genome-wide association studies, with multiple risk alleles described. Recently, biomarkers in serum (galactose-deficient IgA1, IgA/IgG autoantibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1, and soluble CD 89-IgA complexes) and urine (soluble transferrin receptor, interleukin-6/epidermal growth factor ratio, fractalkine, laminin G-like 3 peptide, κ light chains, and mannan-binding lectin) have been identified. Some of these biomarkers may represent candidates for the development of noninvasive diagnostic tests, that would be useful for detection of subclinical disease activity, monitoring disease progression, assessment of treatment, and at the same time circumventing the complications associated with renal biopsies. These advances, along with future disease-specific therapy, will be helpful in improving the treatment effectiveness, prognosis, and the quality of life in connection with IgAN.
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MicroRNAs in the Cholangiopathies: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1688-712. [PMID: 26343736 PMCID: PMC4600153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholangiopathies are a group of liver diseases resulting from different etiologies but with the cholangiocyte as the primary target. As a group, the cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and represent one of the main indications for liver transplant in both children and adults. Contributing to this situation is the absence of a thorough understanding of their pathogenesis and a lack of adequate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that modify gene expression post-transcriptionally. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including the cholangiopathies. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of the literature on miRNAs in the cholangiopathies and discuss future research directions.
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