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Himeno Y, Tateishi T, Irie KI, Ueno S, Morimitsu M, Mizoguchi S, Koga T, Taniwaki T. Association of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report of Cortical Encephalitis and Transverse Myelitis Relapse. Intern Med 2023; 62:3549-3554. [PMID: 37743511 PMCID: PMC10749814 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) that occurred following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its subsequent relapse after COVID-19 infection. A 34-year-old woman developed cortical encephalitis in the right temporoparietal lobe one week after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-MOG antibody. Her symptoms gradually improved after three courses of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Six months later, she experienced a relapse of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 infection. Despite treatment with plasma exchange, the patient remained paralyzed in both lower limbs. We herein review the relationship between MOGAD and COVID-19 vaccination/infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Himeno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tateishi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Irie
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ueno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Morimitsu
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shino Mizoguchi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamon Koga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayuki Taniwaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abrokwa SK, Müller SA, Méndez-Brito A, Hanefeld J, El Bcheraoui C. Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their potential risk to public health - a systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261221. [PMID: 34882750 PMCID: PMC8659325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To inform quarantine and contact-tracing policies concerning re-positive cases-cases testing positive among those recovered. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed and appraised relevant literature from PubMed and Embase for the extent of re-positive cases and their epidemiological characteristics. RESULTS In 90 case reports/series, a total of 276 re-positive cases were found. Among confirmed reinfections, 50% occurred within 90 days from recovery. Four reports related onward transmission. In thirty-five observational studies, rate of re-positives ranged from zero to 50% with no onward transmissions reported. In eight reviews, pooled recurrence rate ranged from 12% to 17.7%. Probability of re-positive increased with several factors. CONCLUSION Recurrence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test is commonly reported within the first weeks following recovery from a first infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kofi Abrokwa
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Alice Müller
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alba Méndez-Brito
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Hanefeld
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charbel El Bcheraoui
- Evidence- based Public Health, Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Li C, He Q, Qian H, Liu J. Overview of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1011. [PMID: 34345293 PMCID: PMC8311250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID-19 have suggested that the immune-inflammatory response has a crucial role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The present article aimed to systematically review the available literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by organ dysfunction, hypercytokinemia and lymphopenia. It is assumed that the direct cytopathological damage of host cells and the dysregulated immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary underlying mechanisms of COVID-19. Based on the published literature, this review attempts to provide an integrated view of the immunological mechanisms and the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19, providing an in-depth summary of the host-pathogen interaction and host immune responses. It is of great importance to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of COVID-19 to determine the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Qifang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Hebu Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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Ren X, Ren X, Lou J, Wang Y, Huang Q, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li X, Lu L, Yan S, Wang Y, Luo L, Zeng X, Yao X, Jin Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of discharged COVID-19 patients retesting positive for RT-PCR. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 34:100839. [PMID: 33898952 PMCID: PMC8052132 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increased number of patients discharged after having COVID-19, more and more studies have reported cases whose retesting was positive (RP) during the convalescent period, which brings a new public health challenge to the world. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang and VIP from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The included studies were assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The RP rate of discharge patients was analyzed by a meta-analysis. We adhered to PRISMA reporting guideline. FINDINGS We have included 117 studies with 2669 RP participants after discharge. The methodological quality of 66 case reports were low to high, 42 case series and 3 cohort study were moderate to high, 3 case-control studies were moderate and 3 cross-sectional studies were low to moderate. The clinical manifestations of most RP patients were mild or asymptomatic, and CT imaging and laboratory examinations were usually normal. The existing risk factors suggest that more attention should be paid to sever patients, elderly patients, and patients with co-morbidities. The summary RP rate was 12·2% (95% CI 10·6-13·7) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 85%). INTERPRETATION To date, the causes and risk factors of RP result in discharged patients are not fully understood. High-quality etiological and clinical studies are needed to investigate these issues to further help us to make strategies to control and prevent its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiangge Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaao Lou
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexian Shi
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liye Lu
- Yongnian District maternity and childcare hospital, Xinming Road No.28. Yongnian District, HanDan, Hebei, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiantao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Center for clinical practice guideline conduction and evaluation, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Health Research, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Center for clinical practice guideline conduction and evaluation, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinghui Jin
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Masiá M, Padilla S, Galiana A, Fernández-González M, Gutiérrez F. Incidence of delayed asymptomatic COVID-19 recurrences in a 6-month longitudinal study. J Infect 2021; 82:276-316. [PMID: 33794262 PMCID: PMC8007189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General de Elche, Camí de la Almazara S/N, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Universidad Miguel, Hernández, Camino de la Almazara 11, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Váncsa S, Dembrovszky F, Farkas N, Szakó L, Teutsch B, Bunduc S, Nagy R, Párniczky A, Erőss B, Péterfi Z, Hegyi P. Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases. Viruses 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33808867 PMCID: PMC8003803 DOI: 10.3390/v13030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated positivity and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a significant concern. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of repeatedly positive testing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. We performed a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. With available individual patient data reporting on repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 positive (RSP) patients, case reports, and case series were included in this analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of repeatedly positive cases. We assessed the cases according to the length of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative interval between the two episodes. Risk factors for the severity of second episodes were evaluated. Overall, we included 123 patients with repeated positivity from 56 publications, with a mean repeated positivity length of 47.8 ± 29.9 days. Younger patients were predominant in the delayed (>90 days) recurrent positive group. Furthermore, comparing patients with RSP intervals of below 60 and above 60 days, we found that a more severe disease course can be expected if the repeated positivity interval is shorter. Severe and critical disease courses might predict future repeatedly positive severe and critical COVID-19 episodes. In conclusion, our results show that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity is more severe if it happens within 60 days after the first positive PCR. On the other hand, the second episode's severity correlates with the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Váncsa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szakó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Teutsch
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant Department, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rita Nagy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Párniczky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péterfi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.V.); (F.D.); (N.F.); (L.S.); (B.T.); (S.B.); (R.N.); (A.P.); (B.E.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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