1
|
Low JM, Afroze S, Al Mamun MA, Afroze S, Tisha S, Hossain MA, Mannan MA, Dey SK, Amin Z, Shahidullah M. Short term Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Lactating Mother and Child Dyads in Bangladesh: A Multi-centre, Cross-sectional Study. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1080-1085. [PMID: 38252330 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the study are to: (1) determine the short-term reactogenicity of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Sinovac, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson and Johnson, Covaxin) amongst lactating women and their children, and 2) evaluate lactation-related outcomes following the same vaccines in Bangladesh. METHODS This was a multi-centre, self-reported, cross-sectional study of lactating woman-child dyads in Bangladesh. Demographics, past medical history, breastfeeding history and clinical outcomes of lactating woman-child dyads at least 7 days after the last dose of vaccine were determined through a structured questionnaire. RESULTS There were 750 participants from four centres. The mean age of lactating women and children surveyed were 27.6 (SD ± 4.6) years and 10.3 (SD ± 6.7) months, respectively. Majority (81.2%; 608 of 750) received 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccinations while lactating. Almost all (99.9%; 749 of 750) vaccinated lactating women surveyed reported no change in human milk supply. More than half of the participants (56.9%; 373 of 656) reported no symptoms after both doses of COVID-19 vaccines. There were no serious adverse events such as anaphylaxis or hospital admission. Majority of the lactating women (98.9%; 742 of 750) reported that the children whom they breastfed had no symptoms such as fever or cough. DISCUSSION This large study of lactating woman-child dyads in Bangladesh, who received a diverse range of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines, showed no serious short-term adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ming Low
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmin Afroze
- Department of Neonatology, Dr. M R Khan Shishu Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Bangladesh Shishu (Children) Hospital and Institute, Sher- E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afroze
- The Second Urban Primary Health Care Project (UPHCSDP-II), DSCC, PA-2, BAPSA, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Arif Hossain
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Mannan
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kumer Dey
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Amin
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mohammod Shahidullah
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jimbo-Sotomayor R, da Costa Oliveira MT, Acurio LA, Bastías M, Carvalho M, Sánchez X, de Oliveira LH. Systematic documentation of the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e50. [PMID: 38765497 PMCID: PMC11099337 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To document the process of introducing COVID-19 vaccines in a selection of Latin American and Caribbean countries, including the lessons learned and the strengths and weaknesses, and similarities and differences among programs. Methods This descriptive study is based on a systematic evaluation of the process of introducing COVID-19 vaccines in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama and Peru. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to key stakeholders. Six informants from each of the included countries participated in this study. The period of the study was from December 2021 through September 2022. Results The main strengths reported by countries were health workers' commitment to delivering vaccinations, evidence-based decision-making, the development of plans for vaccine introduction, the participation of national immunization technical advisory groups, the availability of economic resources and positive actions from the respective Ministry of Health. The main challenges were the actions of antivaccination groups, problems with electronic immunization registries, a lack of vaccines, delays in the delivery of vaccines and the scarcity of health personnel at the local level. Conclusions Commitment, the participation of multiple sectors, the availability of resources and preparedness planning were some of the many strengths shown by countries introducing COVID-19 vaccines. Weaknesses included third parties' interests, the lack of information systems and difficulty in accessing vaccines and vaccine services. There is a window of opportunity for countries to maintain the good practices that allowed for the processes' strengths and to assess the identified weaknesses to invigorate immunization programs and prepare for future health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor
- Centro de investigación para la Salud en América LatinaPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuadorCentro de investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Tereza da Costa Oliveira
- Special Program for Comprehensive ImmunizationPan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaSpecial Program for Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Luciana Armijos Acurio
- Centro de investigación para la Salud en América LatinaPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuadorCentro de investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Magdalena Bastías
- Special Program for Comprehensive ImmunizationPan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaSpecial Program for Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Marcia Carvalho
- Special Program for Comprehensive ImmunizationPan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaSpecial Program for Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Xavier Sánchez
- Centro de investigación para la Salud en América LatinaPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuadorCentro de investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lucia Helena de Oliveira
- Special Program for Comprehensive ImmunizationPan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaSpecial Program for Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meo SA, Alotaibi M, Meo MZS, Meo MOS, Hamid M. Medical knowledge of ChatGPT in public health, infectious diseases, COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines: multiple choice questions examination based performance. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1360597. [PMID: 38711764 PMCID: PMC11073538 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background At the beginning of the year 2023, the Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) gained remarkable attention from the public. There is a great discussion about ChatGPT and its knowledge in medical sciences, however, literature is lacking to evaluate the ChatGPT knowledge level in public health. Therefore, this study investigates the knowledge of ChatGPT in public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its vaccines. Methods Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) bank was established. The question's contents were reviewed and confirmed that the questions were appropriate to the contents. The MCQs were based on the case scenario, with four sub-stems, with a single correct answer. From the MCQs bank, 60 MCQs we selected, 30 MCQs were from public health, and infectious diseases topics, 17 MCQs were from the COVID-19 pandemic, and 13 MCQs were on COVID-19 vaccines. Each MCQ was manually entered, and tasks were given to determine the knowledge level of ChatGPT on MCQs. Results Out of a total of 60 MCQs in public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines, ChatGPT attempted all the MCQs and obtained 17/30 (56.66%) marks in public health, infectious diseases, 15/17 (88.23%) in COVID-19, and 12/13 (92.30%) marks in COVID-19 vaccines MCQs, with an overall score of 44/60 (73.33%). The observed results of the correct answers in each section were significantly higher (p = 0.001). The ChatGPT obtained satisfactory grades in all three domains of public health, infectious diseases, and COVID-19 pandemic-allied examination. Conclusion ChatGPT has satisfactory knowledge of public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its vaccines. In future, ChatGPT may assist medical educators, academicians, and healthcare professionals in providing a better understanding of public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metib Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mashhood Hamid
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loffredo MR, Nencioni L, Mangoni ML, Casciaro B. Antimicrobial peptides for novel antiviral strategies in the current post-COVID-19 pandemic. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3534. [PMID: 37501572 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted how urgent and necessary the discovery of new antiviral compounds is for novel therapeutic approaches. Among the various classes of molecules with antiviral activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immunity are among the most promising ones, mainly due to their different mechanisms of action against viruses and additional biological properties. In this review, the main physicochemical characteristics of AMPs are described, with particular interest toward peptides derived from amphibian skin. Living in aquatic and terrestrial environments, amphibians are one of the richest sources of AMPs with different primary and secondary structures. Besides describing the various antiviral activities of these peptides and the underlying mechanism, this review aims at emphasizing the high potential of these small molecules for the development of new antiviral agents that likely reduce the selection of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Towett G, Snead RS, Grigoryan K, Marczika J. Geographical and practical challenges in the implementation of digital health passports for cross-border COVID-19 pandemic management: a narrative review and framework for solutions. Global Health 2023; 19:98. [PMID: 38066568 PMCID: PMC10709942 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid global spread of infectious diseases, epitomized by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the critical need for effective cross-border pandemic management strategies. Digital health passports (DHPs), which securely store and facilitate the sharing of critical health information, including vaccination records and test results, have emerged as a promising solution to enable safe travel and access to essential services and economic activities during pandemics. However, the implementation of DHPs faces several significant challenges, both related to geographical disparities and practical considerations, necessitating a comprehensive approach for successful global adoption. In this narrative review article, we identify and elaborate on the critical geographical and practical barriers that hinder global adoption and the effective utilization of DHPs. Geographical barriers are complex, encompassing disparities in vaccine access, regulatory inconsistencies, differences across countries in data security and users' privacy policies, challenges related to interoperability and standardization, and inadequacies in technological infrastructure and limited access to digital technologies. Practical challenges include the possibility of vaccine contraindications and breakthrough infections, uncertainties surrounding natural immunity, and limitations of standard tests in assessing infection risk. To address geographical disparities and enhance the functionality and interoperability of DHPs, we propose a framework that emphasizes international collaboration to achieve equitable access to vaccines and testing resources. Furthermore, we recommend international cooperation to establish unified vaccine regulatory frameworks, adopting globally accepted standards for data privacy and protection, implementing interoperability protocols, and taking steps to bridge the digital divide. Addressing practical challenges requires a meticulous approach to assessing individual risk and augmenting DHP implementation with rigorous health screenings and personal infection prevention measures. Collectively, these initiatives contribute to the development of robust and inclusive cross-border pandemic management strategies, ultimately promoting a safer and more interconnected global community in the face of current and future pandemics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar P, Wang M, Kumru OS, Hickey JM, Sanmiguel J, Zabaleta N, Vandenberghe LH, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Correlating physicochemical and biological properties to define critical quality attributes of a rAAV vaccine candidate. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:103-121. [PMID: 37746246 PMCID: PMC10512015 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are a preferred vector system in clinical gene transfer. A fundamental challenge to formulate and deliver rAAVs as stable and efficacious vaccines is to elucidate interrelationships between the vector's physicochemical properties and biological potency. To this end, we evaluated an rAAV-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate that encodes the Spike antigen (AC3) and is produced by a commercially viable process. First, state-of-the-art analytical techniques were employed to determine key structural attributes of AC3, including primary and higher-order structures, particle size, empty/full capsid ratios, aggregates, and multi-step thermal degradation pathway analysis. Next, several quantitative potency measures for AC3 were implemented, and data were correlated with the physicochemical analyses on thermally stressed and control samples. Results demonstrate links between decreasing AC3 physical stability profiles, in vitro transduction efficiency in a cell-based assay, and, importantly, in vivo immunogenicity in a mouse model. These findings are discussed in the general context of future development of rAAV-based vaccine candidates as well as specifically for the rAAV vaccine application under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S. Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - John M. Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Julio Sanmiguel
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luk H. Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eze UA, Alao A, Akinmade OV, Buowari DY, Onwuliri CD, Gbujie DC. Retrospective Comparison of Nigeria's Emergency Response Between the 2014 Ebola Outbreak and 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e44300. [PMID: 37779755 PMCID: PMC10534190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2014 Ebola Virus disease outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic are prominent among the viral infectious diseases that threatened our existence in the last decade. We did a retrospective review of Nigeria's responses during the two crises using different keywords: pathogenicity, risk communication, data gathering, and vaccine issues. These served as discussion points, and we ended by highlighting a few salient observations that should serve as reflection, learning points, and recommendations for better responses in the future. Based on these keywords, we noticed some differences in the two outbreaks, some of which affected the mode of response. At some point, Nigeria was commended for curtailing the Ebola outbreak. This was not the same with COVID-19 which is still very much with us. Also, the latter received more global attention. We then concluded the review by outlining salient points that should serve as reflection and learning points to serve as a guide for a better approach in future epidemics/disaster outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu A Eze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Asaba, NGA
- School of Public Health, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, GBR
- Health Economics Division, Department of Economics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, NGA
| | | | - Oladipo V Akinmade
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Integrated Health Programs, Ministry of Health, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Dabota Y Buowari
- Department of Accident and Emergency, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NGA
| | - Chinemerem D Onwuliri
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, NGA
| | - Daniel C Gbujie
- Department of Global Health, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Estephan L, Lin YC, Lin YT, Chen YH, Pan SC, Hsieh SM, Torkehagen PF, Weng YJ, Cheng HY, Estrada JA, Waits A, Chen C, En Lien C. Safety and immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous booster dose with AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: An observer-blinded, multi-center, phase 2 randomized trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:3497-3505. [PMID: 37080829 PMCID: PMC10090360 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the safety and immunogenicity profile of a protein subunit vaccine (MVC-COV1901) compared to AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 when given as a third (booster) dose to individuals who have completed different primary vaccine regimens. METHODS Individuals were classified according to their primary vaccine regimens, including two-dose MVC-COV1901, AZD1222, or mRNA-1273. A third dose of either half-dose MVC-COV1901, full-dose MVC-COV1901, standard-dose AZD1222, half-dose mRNA-1273 was administered in a 1:1:1:1 treatment ratio to individuals with an interval range of 84-365 days after the second dose. Endpoints included safety, humoral immunogenicity, and cell-mediated immune response on trial days 15 and 29. Exploratory endpoint included testing against variants of concern (Omicron). RESULTS Overall, 803 participants were randomized and boosted - 201 received half-dose MVC-COV1901, 196 received full-dose MVC-COV1901, 203 received AZD1222, and 203 received half-dose mRNA-1273. Reactogenicity was mild to moderate, and less in the MVC-COV1901 booster group. Heterologous boosting provided the best immunogenic response. Boosting with mRNA-1273 in MVC-COV1901 primed individuals induced the highest antibody titers, even against Omicron, and cell-mediated immune response. CONCLUSIONS Overall, MVC-COV1901 as a booster showed the best safety profiles. MVC-COV1901 as a primary series, with either homologous or heterologous booster, elicited the highest immunogenic response. CLINICALTRIALS gov registration NCT05197153.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Estephan
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Jen Weng
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Alexander Waits
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Chia En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaheen N, Mohamed A, Attalla A, Diab RA, Swed S, Nashwan AJ, Rababah AA, Hefnawy MT, Soliman Y, Abdelwahab OA, Desouki MT, Khaity A, Shaheen A, Ramadan A, Meshref M. Could the New BA.2.75 Sub-Variant Cause the Emergence of a Global Epidemic of COVID-19? A Scoping Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6317-6330. [PMID: 36345537 PMCID: PMC9635999 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With over 58 million cases and 6 million deaths by August 2022, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2), has had an insurmountable impact on the world’s population. This is one of the worst health crises since 1918’s influenza pandemic. There are four subvariants of Omicron; BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3. As a result of new mutations in its spike protein, most of which occur in its receptor binding site, the Omicron variant appears to be more transmissible and less resistant to vaccination and antibody response. Understanding Omicron’s virology and mutations is essential to developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods. A thorough assessment of control measures, as well as timely adjustment of control measures, requires addressing such issues as re-infection risk, vaccine response, booster vaccine doses, and the increased rate of Omicron infections. This review article aims to look at the current information about the different types of SARs-CoV-2, focusing on the new subtype BA.2.75.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Shaheen
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rehab Adel Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarya Swed
- Aleppo University, Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Abdulqadir J Nashwan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar, Email
| | | | - Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Shaheen
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa Meshref
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zavras D. Access to the COVID-19 Vaccine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191711054. [PMID: 36078766 PMCID: PMC9518439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As of 31 August 2022, 599,825,400 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 6,469,458 deaths have been reported globally [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Zavras
- Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|