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Ragkousis A, Kazantzis D, Georgalas I, Theodossiadis P, Kroupis C, Chatziralli I. Association of PON1, APOE and SDF-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Treatment Response to Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:201-208. [PMID: 37997789 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2283028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific genetic polymorphisms affect the response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS Participants in this prospective study were 50 patients with macular oedema secondary to RVO, who were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept, and were followed-up for 12 months after initiation of treatment. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three different genes (APOE, PON1, SDF-1) were examined as potential predictors for treatment response to intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. RESULTS Patients with the LL genotype of the PON1 L55M SNP had significantly higher reduction in central subfield thickness (CST) at month 12 after initiation of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment (101.63 ± 56.80 μm in LL vs. 72.44 ± 39.41 μm in LM vs. 40.25 ± 19.33 μm in MM, p = .026). Patients with the M allele of the PON1 L55M SNP were significantly associated with lower reduction in CST compared to non-carriers (68.29 ± 38.77 μm in LM + MM vs. 101.63 ± 56.80 μm in LL, p = .032). CONCLUSION PON1 L55M SNP may serve as a promising genetic biomarker for predicting response to intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in patients with macular oedema due to RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Ragkousis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazantzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Georgalas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ünal ED, Vural G, Eren F, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Clinicoradiological evaluation of oxidative stress activity in acute cerebral infarction in the first 24 h and the qualitative importance of dysfunctional HDL in stroke. Turk J Med Sci 2022; 52:1917-1925. [PMID: 36945973 PMCID: PMC10390177 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) occurs as a result of instant disruption of vascular flow that causes disbalance between oxidative/antioxidative activity. We examined the relationship of serum neuro-oxidative stress parameters with stroke severity and infarct volume in ACI and emphasized the qualitative importance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on its relationship with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in the acute period of stroke. METHODS One hundred ACI patients applied within the first 24 h and 50 healthy volunteers were included. The patient group was evaluated with demographic data (including arrival serum biochemical assessment), clinical disability scores, infarct volume, serum oxidative/antioxidative parameters (lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), MPO, PON1, MPO/PON ratio). The relevant serum parameters were compared with the control group. Dysfunctional HDL measurement was based on detecting dysfunctionality as a result of a high positive correlation between the dysfunctional feature of HDL and the MPO/PON ratio. The correlation of serum parameters, clinical disability score, and infarct volume were evaluated, and independent analyses of variability with comorbidities were performed. RESULTS A negative correlation between PON1 and arrival NIH score/scale (NIHSS), LOOH and discharge modified rankin scale (mRS), triglyceride level, and infarct volume; a positive correlation between MPO\PON ratio and infarct volume was determined. Logistic regression analyses showed that hypertension, diabetes, and high HbA1C may be predictors of stroke severity, and diabetes mellitus, high HbA1C, infarct volume, and high NIHSS score may be predictors of early disability (p < 0.005). The ROC curve analysis revealed that determining the cut-off value for LOOH is of importance in determining early disability scores (7.2 and 6.2, respectively). DISCUSSION The balance between oxidative and antioxidative stress parameters and their quantitative/qualitative changes is of importance, especially in the acute period of ACI. Dysfunctional HDL's evolution and its relationship with other oxidants are significant not only in the cardiovascular aspect but also in the clinicoradiological aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Demir Ünal
- Department of Neurology, Nevşehir State Hospital, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Gönül Vural
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kumar R, Saini V, Kaur C, Isser HS, Tyagi N, Sahoo S. Association between PON1 rs662 gene polymorphism and serum paraoxonase1 level in coronary artery disease patients in Northern India. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with a shifting trend towards the younger population. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is a glycoprotein enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the blood. It has the ability to protect against lipid oxidation, thereby reducing the risk of atherogenesis. PON1 rs662 gene polymorphism may affect serum PON1 levels as well as its activity and may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of CAD. The present study was conducted to identify the association of PON1 rs662 gene polymorphism with serum PON1 levels in CAD patients in the North Indian population. This case–control study included 71 angiography-proven CAD patients (with > 50% luminal stenosis in one or more coronary arteries) and 71 controls (with < 50% luminal obstruction in angiography). PON1 rs662 gene polymorphism was studied using PCR and RFLP under the standardized protocol. Serum PON1 levels were estimated by ELISA.
Results
The serum PON1 level was significantly lower in the CAD group than in the controls (7.79 ± 3.16 vs. 10.79 ± 3.19 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that homozygous GG genotype of PON1 rs662 SNP has ninefold increased risk of developing CAD in an Indian population (OR = 9.0, 95%CI 2.79–29.06, p = 0.0002). A significantly higher frequency of G allele was also observed in CAD patients than in controls (OR 2.64, 95%CI 1.61–4.33, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
The reduced serum PON1 level is associated with CAD. PON1 rs662 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD susceptibility in the North Indian population.
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Chen J, Huang Y, Hu X, Bian X, Nian S. Gastrodin prevents homocysteine-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury via PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:345-357. [PMID: 33320446 PMCID: PMC7810955 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of gastrodin (Gas) against homocysteine‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury and the role of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/threonine kinase 1 (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathways. We stimulated cells with homocysteine (1 mmol/L, 24 hours) and tested the effects of gastrodin (200‐800 μg/mL) on cell viability and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, Nrf2 distribution in the cytoplasm and nucleus as well as the expression of enzymes downstream of Nrf2 was determined. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of bax, bcl‐2 and cleaved caspase3, and assessed the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway by Western blots. Finally, we tested the vasoactive effect of gastrodin in thoracic aortic rings. The results showed that gastrodin decreased MDA, LDH and ROS production and increased cell viability, NO production and relaxation of thoracic aortic rings. Moreover, the protective effects of Gas on NO production and relaxation of thoracic aortic rings were blocked by L‐NAME but enhanced by Cav‐1 knockdown, and MK‐2206 treatment abolished the effect of Gas on the ROS. In addition, treatment with gastrodin increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, thus enhancing the expression of downstream enzymes. Finally, gastrodin increased the expression of PI3K, p‐Akt, and eNOS and decreased Cav‐1 protein expression. In conclusion, our study suggested that gastrodin may protect HUVECs from homocysteine‐induced injury, and the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE pathways may be responsible for the efficacy of gastrodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Hu
- Department of Occupational disease, Qingdao Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihui Nian
- Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Bassu S, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Mangoni AA, Floris A, Farina G, Passiu G, Carru C, Erre GL. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Peripheral Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173855. [PMID: 32854225 PMCID: PMC7504109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may heighten atherosclerotic burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but direct evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between established plasma oxidative stress biomarkers and peripheral endothelial dysfunction (ED), a marker of early atherosclerosis, in RA. METHODS Paroxonase-1 (PON-1), protein-SH (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 164 RA patient s and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without previous cardiovascular events. Peripheral ED, evaluated by flow-mediated pulse amplitude tonometry, was defined by log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (Ln-RHI) values < 0.51. RESULTS PON-1 activity and PSH concentrations were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to controls. In regression analysis, increased plasma MDA levels were significantly associated with reduced Ln-RHI [B coefficient (95% CI) = -0.003 (-0.005 to -0.0008), p = 0.008] and the presence of peripheral ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.75 (1.06-2.88), p = 0.028). Contrary to our expectations, increased PON-1 activity was significantly associated, albeit weakly, with the presence of ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.00 (1.00-1.01), p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In this first evidence of a link between oxidative stress and markers of atherosclerosis, MDA and PON-1 showed opposite associations with peripheral vasodilatory capacity and the presence of ED in RA. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association predicts atherosclerotic events in the RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bassu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Floris
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartmento di Specialità Mediche, UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartmento di Specialità Mediche, UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0792-283-17; Fax: +39-079-216-282
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Betzler BK, Rim TH, Sabanayagam C, Cheung CMG, Cheng CY. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Age-Related Ocular Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E645. [PMID: 32331355 PMCID: PMC7226134 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the specific role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the development of various age-related ocular diseases, despite it being a common measurable biomarker in lipid profiles. This literature review summarizes current knowledge of the role of HDL-C, if any, in pathogenesis and progression of four age-related ocular diseases, namely age-related macular degeneration (AMD), age-related cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR), and will primarily discuss epidemiological and genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Kaijun Betzler
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Tyler Hyungtaek Rim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Liu C, Luo D, Wang Q, Ma Y, Ping L, Wu T, Tang J, Peng D, PingZhao. Serum homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and subsequent events of adverse pregnancy outcome: the Sichuan Homocysteine study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32188414 PMCID: PMC7081627 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Folate and vitamin B12 regulate the homocysteine metabolic process. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between subsequent events of adverse pregnancy outcome and early variables of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 in pregnant women. Methods This multicenter, retrospective, case–control study involved 563 pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcome and 600 controls. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included one or more of the following events: preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. The associations between subsequent events of adverse pregnancy outcome and early variables of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12; metabolic parameters; inflammatory markers; anthropometrics; and lifestyle habits at 11–12 weeks of gestation were analyzed using the logistic regression model. Results Compared to the lower quartile homocysteine concentrations, the upper quartile homocysteine concentrations were associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight. On the contrary, the lower quartile folate concentrations were associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight compared with the upper quartile folate concentrations. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome increased progressively from the first to fourth homocysteine quartiles but decreased progressively from the first to fourth folate quartiles. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that besides systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and age, homocysteine (IV vs I quartile, aOR 5.89, 95% CI 4.08–8.51, P < 0.001), folate (IV vs I quartile, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25–0.50, P < 0.001), folate supplementation (yes vs no, aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.86, P = 0.010) during early pregnancy were independently associated with subsequent events of adverse pregnancy outcome, and vitamin B12 was rejected. Of these, the homocysteine revealed the highest odds ratio in all risk variables, and folate showed the lowest odds ratio in all protective variables. Conclusions Higher homocysteine concentration and lower folate level during early pregnancy were associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. However, no association was found between vitamin B12 and adverse pregnancy outcome. Supplementation with folate in early pregnancy may reduce adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. .,, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Longyu Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Duanliang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - PingZhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
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Levy D, Reichert CO, Bydlowski SP. Paraoxonases Activities and Polymorphisms in Elderly and Old-Age Diseases: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050118. [PMID: 31052559 PMCID: PMC6562914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. There is much evidence linking the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aging. With increasing age, susceptibility to the development of diseases related to lipid peroxidation and tissue injury increases, due to chronic inflammatory processes, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. The most studied member product is PON1, a protein associated with high-density lipoprotein with paraoxonase/esterase activity. Nevertheless, all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress. The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Levy
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Center of Innovation and Translacional Medicine (CIMTRA), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
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Tinelli C, Di Pino A, Ficulle E, Marcelli S, Feligioni M. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a Risk Factor and Potential Nutraceutical Target for Certain Pathologies. Front Nutr 2019; 6:49. [PMID: 31069230 PMCID: PMC6491750 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as a risk factor for several diseases, including cardiovascular and neurological conditions. Homocysteine (HCys) is a key metabolite involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of methionine (Met), which plays a pivotal role in the physiological cell's life cycle. The biochemistry of Met is finely regulated by several enzymes that control HCys concentration. Indeed, balanced activity among the enzymes is essential for the cell's well-being, while its malfunction could raise HCys concentration which can lead to the onset of several pathological conditions. The HCys concentration increase seems to be caused mainly by the widely diffused polymorphisms of several enzymes. Nowadays, a blood test can easily detect elevated concentrations of HCys, referred to as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Prolonged exposure to this condition can lead to the onset of cardiovascular disease and can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, stroke, inflammatory syndromes like osteoporosis and rheumatism, as well as neuronal pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we analyzed the literature of several pathological conditions in which the molecular pathways of HHCys are involved. Interestingly, several observations indicate that the calibrated assumption of correct doses of vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and betaine may control HHCys-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tinelli
- Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Pino
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Marcelli
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Sun T, Hu J, Yin Z, Xu Z, Zhang L, Fan L, Zhuo Y, Wang C. Low serum paraoxonase1 activity levels predict coronary artery disease severity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19443-19454. [PMID: 28038449 PMCID: PMC5386696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity is closely related to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether PON1 activity can predict the degree of coronary stenosis remains unknown. In the present study, the serum PON1 activity and related factors that influence PON1 activity were analyzed in 186 patients with diagnostic coronary angiography. The serum PON1 activity was determined using a spectrophotometry-based assay in 186 patients with diagnostic coronary angiography, in which coronary stenosis severity was graded and clinically defined as single- or multi-vessel stenosis >50%. Target lesion stenosis was quantified via quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The serum PON1 activity was significantly decreased in the CAD group, the multiple coronary stenosis subgroup, and the diabetes mellitus subgroup compared with each control group. The PON1 activity was positively correlated with the High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). Males, smoking, diabetes, and heart failure were identified as factors that influenced PON1 activity. Furthermore, a Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis indicated that a PON1 activity cut-off point of 330 U/L could predict CAD with a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 65%. In conclusion, low PON1 activity predicted the degree of coronary lesion, particularly in multiple vessel lesions, smokers, and diabetes, which may represent a biochemical marker for the severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingchao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Ellidag HY, Aydin O, Eren E, Yilmaz N, Gencpinar T, Kucukseymen S, Yilmaz A, Arslan Ince FD. Phenotype distribution of the paraoxonase gene in patients with cardiac disease. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:820-826. [PMID: 28721150 PMCID: PMC5510503 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paraoxonase (PON1) is an enigmatic enzyme with multiple enzymatic properties including arylesterase and lactonase activities besides its ability to hydrolyze the toxic metabolite of parathion, paraoxon. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotype distribution of PON1 in patients with cardiac disease who were classified in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve disease (HVD), heart failure (HF) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) groups and healthy subjects as a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 300 people (100 cardiac surgery (70 CABG and 30 HVD), 70 HF, 30 STEMI patients and 100 healthy controls) were admitted to this study. Individual variations in PON1 were determined using the dual substrate (paraoxon and phenylacetate) method. RESULTS The following phenotype distributions were found in the cardiac disease and control groups: cardiac disease group (n = 200): 48.5% (QQ), 42.5% (QR), 9% (RR) and control group (n = 100): 58% (QQ), 39% (QR), 3% (RR). RR (high activity) phenotypic distribution was more common in the cardiac disease group than in controls (p = 0.04). In particular, the frequency of the RR phenotype was two- to three-fold higher in the STEMI and HF patients compared to the controls as well as CABG and HVD groups. CONCLUSIONS We found a higher percentage of RR phenotype in STEMI and HF patients compared to a large control group as well as compared to two other groups of cardiac disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Yasar Ellidag
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Esin Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tugra Gencpinar
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukseymen
- Clinic of Cardiology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Akar Yilmaz
- Clinic of Cardiology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demet Arslan Ince
- Department of Biochemistry, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Dong N, Shi H, Tang X. Plasma homocysteine levels are associated with macular thickness in type 2 diabetes without diabetic macular edema. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:737-746. [PMID: 28391536 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationships between macular thickness and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, and other known risk factors for patients with diabetes without diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 252 subjects (126 relatively healthy subjects with type 2 diabetes without diabetic macular edema and 126 age- and gender-matched controls). Measurement of macular thickness and volume was performed for those subjects using SD-OCT. The plasma concentrations of homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, and other known risk factors were analyzed in all the patients and controls using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS An increase in the serum levels of homocysteine was present within patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals. The mean total plasma homocysteine levels were associated with a greater central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), average macular thickness (AMT), and average macular volume (AMV) in patients with type 2 diabetes without DME, after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c. Each 1 mmol/L increase in tHcy level was associated with a 6.57 µm greater CSMT (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78, 11.36), a 4.51 µm greater AMT (95% CI 1.05, 7.98), and a 4.72 mm3 greater AMV (95% CI 1.23, 8.21). CONCLUSIONS Higher homocysteine levels were associated with an increased CSMT, AMT, and AMV in diabetic patients without DME. This link may indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes with increased levels of plasma tHcy are more prone to develop a clinical manifestation of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dong
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, 4, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, 4, Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ma Y, Peng D, Liu C, Huang C, Luo J. Serum high concentrations of homocysteine and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B 12 are significantly correlated with the categories of coronary artery diseases. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28109191 PMCID: PMC5251223 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Homocysteine (Hcy) has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Folic acid and vitamin B12 are two vital regulators in Hcy metabolic process. We evaluated the correlations between serum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 with the categories of CAD. Methods Serum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 from 292 CAD patients, including 73 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 116 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 103 stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 100 controls with chest pain patients were measured, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Compared to SAP patients, patients with AMI and UAP had higher Hcy levels with approximately average elevated (4-5) μmol/L, while SAP patients were approximately higher 8 μmol/L than controls. However, the levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 had opposite results, which in AMI group was the lowest, while in controls was the highest. CAD categories were positively correlated with Hcy (r = 0.286, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with folic acid (r = -0.297, p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 (r = -0.208, p < 0.001). There were significant trend toward increase in the prevalence of high Hcy, low folic acid and vitamin B12 from controls, to SAP, to UAP, and to AMI. Conclusions The present study provide the valuable evidence that high concentrations of Hcy and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are significantly correlated with CAD categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Duanliang Peng
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Chenggui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1617 Ri Yue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1617 Ri Yue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Jun Luo
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
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14
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Kamat PK, Mallonee CJ, George AK, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Homocysteine, Alcoholism, and Its Potential Epigenetic Mechanism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2474-2481. [PMID: 27805256 PMCID: PMC5133158 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most socially accepted addictive drug. Alcohol consumption is associated with some health problems such as neurological, cognitive, behavioral deficits, cancer, heart, and liver disease. Mechanisms of alcohol-induced toxicity are presently not yet clear. One of the mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity has to do with its interaction with amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), which has been linked with brain neurotoxicity. Elevated Hcy impairs with various physiological mechanisms in the body, especially metabolic pathways. Hcy metabolism is predominantly controlled by epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and acetylation. An alteration in these processes leads to epigenetic modification. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the role of Hcy metabolism abnormalities in alcohol-induced toxicity with epigenetic adaptation and their influences on cerebrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carissa J Mallonee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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15
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Yilmaz N, Coban DT, Bayindir A, Erol MK, Ellidag HY, Giray O, Sayrac S, Tekeli SO, Eren E. Higher serum lipids and oxidative stress in patients with normal tension glaucoma, but not pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:21-7. [PMID: 26773174 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study entailed a cross-examination of oxidant/antioxidant balance, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked paraoxonase 1 (PON1) phenotypes, and levels of serum routine lipids among patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) compared with healthy control groups. We aimed to investigate the links between oxidative stress (OS), HDL-related antioxidant enzyme activities and dyslipidemia in distinct subtypes of glaucoma. The study included 32 patients with NTG, 31 patients with PEXG, and 40 control subjects. Levels of PON1 and arylesterase enzymatic activity, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status were measured by spectrophotometry and OS indexes (OSI) were calculated. The phenotype distribution of PON1 was determined using the dual substrate method. Blood serum levels of HDL, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. The TOS and OSI values in the NTG group were significantly higher compared with the other groups (both p < 0.01). The phenotype distribution found in the glaucoma and control groups were NTG: QQ, 59.4%; QR, 37.5%; RR, 3.1%; PEXG: QQ, 45.1%; QR, 48.4%; RR, 6.5%; and in the control group: QQ, 42.5%; QR, 50.0%; RR, 7.5%. Serum TC levels were significantly higher than the control in both NTG and PEXG groups, whereas TG was significantly higher in NTG only (p < 0.01 and p < 0.02, respectively). Hyperlipidemia, OS and variations in phenotype distribution of PON1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of different types of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necat Yilmaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Central Laboratories of Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey,.
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16
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Liu C, Yang Y, Peng D, Chen L, Luo J. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a metabolic disorder parameter is independently associated with the severity of coronary heart disease. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:839-46. [PMID: 26108589 PMCID: PMC4503904 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.7.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the associations between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed metabolic parameters, anthropometric variables, and life style habits in 292 CHD patients of different categories, and 100 controlled non-CHD patients with chest pain symptoms who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China between October 2013 and September 2014. RESULTS The prevalence of HHcy in CHD patients was 79.1%, while only 5% of non-CHD patients had elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. The prevalence of HHcy significantly increased from 5% in non-CHD controls to 66% in the stable angina pectoris (SAP) group, to 81.9% in the unstable angina pectoris group, and to 93.15% in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (p less than 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HHcy was independently associated with CHD category (AMI versus SAP, odds ratio [6.38], 95% confidence interval; 1.18-34.46). The Hcy was negatively correlated with folic acid (r=-0.67, p less than 0.001) and vitamin B12 (r=-0.56, p less than 0.001). Of the CHD patients with HHcy, 51.1% had low folic acid and 42% had low vitamin B12, 7 or 5 times higher than that of CHD patients with normal-low Hcy concentrations (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with the severity of CHD, and significantly correlated with low status of folic acid and vitamin B12 in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China. E-mail.
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Eren E, Yılmaz N, Aydin O, Ellidağ HY. Anticipatory role of high density lipoprotein and endothelial dysfunction: an overview. Open Biochem J 2014; 8:100-6. [PMID: 25598849 PMCID: PMC4293742 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01408010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) has been witnessed to possess a range of different functions that contribute to its atheroprotective effects. These functions are: the promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic, pro-fibrinolytic and anti-oxidative functions. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL associated enzyme esterase/homocysteinethiolactonase that contributes to the anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic capabilities of HDL. PON1 is directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of HDL on endothelial homeostasis, and also to describe the recently characterized molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Laboratory of Atatürk Hospital, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Laboratory of Batman Maternity and Children's Hospital, Batman/Turkey
| | - Hamit Y Ellidağ
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
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18
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Eren E, Ellidag HY, Aydin O, Yılmaz N. HDL-Associated Paraoxonase 1 as a Bridge between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Chonnam Med J 2014; 50:75-81. [PMID: 25568841 PMCID: PMC4276794 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2014.50.3.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) with both atherosclerosis and vascular/valvular calcification is well known. Recently, ample evidence has suggested a common etiologic factor, namely, reduced HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, as a causative factor in the development of PMOP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This common etiologic factor not only contributes to atherosclerotic diseases but also to PMOP following an almost identical mechanism including dysfunctional HDL and lipid oxidation. According to recent studies, lipid oxidation might improve osteoblastic transformation of vascular cells and obstruct such transformation in bone cells. The primary objective of this current review was to summarize the evidence revealing the role of HDL-associated PON1 enzyme in PMOP. Additionally, the review aimed to address some of the subjects that need further investigation in order to define whether hyperhomocysteinemia and sensitivity to lipid oxidation may be risk factors for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hamit Yasar Ellidag
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
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