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Tivadar BM, Dumitrascu T, Vasilescu C. A Glimpse into the Role and Effectiveness of Splenectomy for Isolated Metachronous Spleen Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Origin: Long-Term Survivals Can Be Achieved. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2362. [PMID: 38673636 PMCID: PMC11050850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Many papers exploring the role of resectioning metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) have focused mainly on liver and lung sites, showing improved survival compared with non-resectional therapies. However, data about exceptional metastatic sites such as splenic metastases (SMs) are scarce. This paper aims to assess the role and effectiveness of splenectomy in the case of isolated metachronous SM of CRC origin. Methods: The patients' data were extracted after a comprehensive literature search through public databases for articles reporting patients with splenectomies for isolated metachronous SM of CRC origin. Potential predictors of survival were explored, along with demographic, diagnostic, pathology, and treatment data for each patient. Results: A total of 83 patients with splenectomies for isolated metachronous SM of CRC origin were identified. The primary CRC was at an advanced stage (Duke's C-70.3%) and on the left colon (45.5%) for most patients, while the median interval between CRC resection and SM was 24 months. The median overall survival after splenectomy was 84 months, and patients younger than 62 years presented statistically significantly worse overall survival rates than those ≥62 years old (p = 0.011). There was no significant impact on the long-term outcomes for factors including primary tumor location or adjuvant chemotherapy (p values ≥ 0.070, ns). Laparoscopic splenectomy was increasingly used in the last 20 years from 2002 (33.3% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Splenectomy is the optimal treatment for patients with isolated metachronous SM of CRC, with the laparoscopic approach being increasingly used and having the potential to become a standard of care. Encouraging long-term survival rates were reported in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. Younger ages are associated with worse survival. Perioperative chemotherapy in the context of a patient diagnosed with SM of CRC origin appears to be a reasonable option, although the present study failed to show any significant impact on long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Traian Dumitrascu
- Department of General Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fundeni Street No. 258, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (B.M.T.); (C.V.)
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Heath L, Novis E, Rabindran J, van Laar Veth A, Yang T, Barnet MB, Gett R. Oligometastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma to the spleen and ovaries. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjae241. [PMID: 38638920 PMCID: PMC11026058 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of colorectal cancer, splenic and ovarian metastases are rare outside of widely disseminated disease. Growing evidence suggests that 'oligometastatic' or limited metastatic disease can be treated surgically with good oncological outcomes. Splenic and ovarian metastases are not well represented in studies of oligometastatic colorectal cancer, resulting in uncertainty in the best management for these patients. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with oligometastatic colorectal cancer to bilateral ovaries and spleen, 5 years after resection of a primary colon cancer. The patient was treated with a bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and subsequent open splenectomy. We discuss the role of surgery and peri-operative chemotherapy in the management of oligometastatic colorectal cancer involving atypical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Heath
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elan Novis
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Joel Rabindran
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alexander van Laar Veth
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Megan B Barnet
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 11/81 Broadway Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rohan Gett
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, St Vincent’s Private Hospital, 406 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Zhao L, Sui M, Li J, Zhang K. Case report of isolated synchronous multiple splenic metastases from rectal cancer: A case report and brief review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29613. [PMID: 35960045 PMCID: PMC9371491 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolated splenic metastasis emanating from colorectal cancer is an extremely rare finding, which usually indicates widely disseminated and multiple metastatic cancer. There have only been 39 cases of isolated splenic metastasis reported in the English literature to date. PATIENT CONCERNS An 84-year-old female patient presented to our department with dark-red bloody stool that had persisted for 1 month and with an increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. DIAGNOSES A colonoscopy showed a rectal mass located 3 cm from the anal margin, which was 45 mm in diameter. The patient was diagnosed with rectal cancer with splenic metastases by abdomen computed tomography. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent a radical resection of rectal cancer and splenectomy, and the postoperative histopathology confirmed that the splenic lesions were derived from the adenocarcinoma of the rectum. OUTCOMES After surgical treatment, the patient recovered well and was recommended for further chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In addition to revealing a rare case, we also performed a literature review, including a brief discussion about the atypical isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Our findings enrich the database of this rare clinical entity and provide experience in the management of splenic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingxiu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China (e-mail: )
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Wu K, Bakht D, Pathak P, Ramdin N. A Rare Case of Splenic and Pulmonary Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e22914. [PMID: 35399414 PMCID: PMC8985556 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma commonly spreads to the lungs, bones, and liver, but splenic involvement has been rare. When metastasis does occur, patients are usually asymptomatic but may present with weight loss, fatigue, or abdominal pain. We present a case of a patient who had known renal cell cancer status post-total nephrectomy who, due to COVID, had delayed surveillance scans and was found to have a recurrent mass in the nephrectomy bed with splenic and pulmonary metastasis.
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5
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Adebayo SA, Salami AA, Takure AO, Fasola OA, Ulasi IB, Nwadiokwu JI, Shittu OB. Splenic metastasis from recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 12 years post-nephrectomy: a case report. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-021-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma metastases to the spleen are rare. At the time of this report, only 20 cases of splenic metastases from RCC have been published in the literature. To our knowledge, our report is the first splenic metastasis from a chromophobe RCC.
Case presentation
A 44-year-old woman presented with clinical and radiological features of splenic metastasis from RCC, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for chromophobe RCC. Computed tomography, laparotomy and splenectomy revealed metastases to the spleen and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
Conclusion
Splenic metastasis from RCC is uncommon, and rarer still from a chromophobe subtype of RCC. Surgical management of the metastasis is recommended.
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Hu L, Zhu JY, Fang L, Yu XC, Yan ZL. Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3320-3328. [PMID: 32874988 PMCID: PMC7441267 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated splenic metastasis is a rare clinical entity. Multiple metastases in the spleen after radical colon resection in a patient who subsequently underwent a second local resection for isolated metachronous splenic metastasis are exceedingly rare.
CASE SUMMARY We report a colon cancer patient who underwent laparoscopic radical colon resection 14 mo previously, and subsequently underwent a second local resection due to local recurrence detected by elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, multiple metastases in the spleen were found 7 mo later by elevated serum CEA and PET-magnetic resonance imaging. Then the patient underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy. Local tumor recurrence and splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) were found by postoperative pathology. Genetic analysis of these recurrent and metastatic tissues showed KRAS exon2, APC exon16 and TP53 exon6 missense mutations, but no mutations of NRAS, KRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, MET, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were detected. Chemotherapy and target therapy were administered after multiple disciplinary team (MDT) consultation, and no tumor recurrence has been observed to date. We also reviewed the literature by conducting a search of the PubMed database using the following key words: CRC, splenic metastasis, isolated, and review. We identified 34 relevant papers, which included 28 cases of metachronous metastasis and 6 cases of simultaneous metastasis.
CONCLUSION Close monitoring of serum CEA levels is crucial for the detection of isolated splenic metastases after colon surgery. In terms of overall survival and progression-free survival, MDT plays an important role in the entire process of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Chong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Long Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Paterniti TA, Ahmad S, Holloway RW. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for recurrent ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1189-1194. [PMID: 32624496 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent ovarian cancer frequently involves the spleen. Our aims were to describe the technique of robotic-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy and to evaluate outcomes including progression-free and overall survival in patients who underwent this procedure for recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS Chart reviews were performed on all consecutive patients who underwent robotic splenectomy (April 2012 to May 2019) for recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients had ≤3 sites of disease and no ascites. Extent of disease was confirmed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) pre-operatively and platinum-doublet chemotherapy was initiated post-operatively. Peri- and post-operative outcomes, progression-free survival, and overall survival were assessed. Two video links are included to demonstrate variations in technique and anatomy. RESULTS A total of 10 patients were included. The median age was 63.5 years (range 46-74) and median body mass index was 30 kg/m2 (range 21.5-40.1). Disease was limited to the spleen in seven patients and three had evidence of up to two other sites of disease on imaging. The median robotic splenectomy operative time was 159 min (range 112-214) that included laparoscopic lysis of adhesions prior to robotic port placement in seven cases, and excision of diaphragm or omental implants in three cases. There were no transfusions, laparotomy conversions, return to the operating room, abscesses, or pancreatic pseudocysts. The median length of stay was 2 days (range 1-4). The median time to resumption of chemotherapy was 40 days (range 25-78). After a median follow-up of 51 months (range 12-98), five patients had recurrence (two deaths, three alive with disease), with a median time to recurrence of 14 months (range 12-15). The median progression-free survival was 15 months (range 12-98) and the median overall survival was 51 months (range 12-98) post-splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS Robotic splenectomy was feasible, achieving complete cytoreduction of splenic recurrent ovarian cancer, short hospital length-of-stay, and acceptable morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Paterniti
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Augusta University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA .,Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Holloway
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Isolated Splenic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma 11 Years after Surgery. Case Rep Med 2019; 2019:7480479. [PMID: 31662763 PMCID: PMC6778928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7480479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic metastases are rare and usually occur in cases of disseminated disease. We report a case of a patient who had isolated splenic metastases with a previous history of left nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma 11 years before. The aim of this report is to describe the case and review the literature of isolated splenic metastases due to renal carcinoma. This case emphasizes the importance of considering splenic metastatic disease even after many years of diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
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9
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Zhao H, Zhong W, Chen D, Cheng X. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from cancer of hepatic flexure of colon: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15016. [PMID: 30946331 PMCID: PMC6456151 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer is very rare, as metastatic colorectal cancer involving the spleen is usually a manifestation of widely disseminated disease. Splenectomy is the best therapeutic option for this entity and probably the only chance for radical cure. PATIENT CONCERNS A 73-year-old male presented with abdominal distension and dark red bloody stool of 6-month duration. DIAGNOSES Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. INTERVENTIONS Based on multidisciplinary team (MDT) mode, the patient underwent the primary hepatic flexure tumor resection due to his poor general condition. One month after surgery the patient began treatment with Xelox (capecitabine 1000 mg/m, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m) every 3 weeks. The patient underwent isolated splenic metastasis resection successfully by laparoscopic after four courses of chemotherapy. OUTCOMES The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and he completed four courses of postoperative chemotherapy using the original chemotherapy regimen Xelox (capecitabine 1000 mg/m, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m). The patient was subsequently followed up every 3 months and no signs of recurrence were noted in a recent examination. LESSONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer in China. It is also the first case in which treatment was overseen by an MDT. The possibility of splenic metastasis should be considered in cases in which colorectal cancer is associated with a splenic lesion, despite its rarity. Splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy are the optimal therapeutic approaches, as such an approach prolongs survival and palliates the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weixiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Genova P, Brunetti F, Bequignon E, Landi F, Lizzi V, Esposito F, Charpy C, Calderaro J, Azoulay D, de'Angelis N. Solitary splenic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report and systematic review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:184. [PMID: 27422630 PMCID: PMC4947368 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solitary splenic metastases are a rare occurrence, and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma represents one of the most uncommon primary sources. The present study aimed to describe a rare case of a solitary single splenic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to assess the number of cases of isolated nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases to the spleen reported in the literature. Main body We describe the case of a 56-year-old man with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and complete remission after chemo-radiotherapy. Three months after complete remission, positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan revealed a hypermetabolic splenic lesion without increased metabolic activity in other areas. After laparoscopic splenectomy, the pathology report confirmed a single splenic metastasis from undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type. The postoperative period was uneventful. We also performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. All articles reporting cases of splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with or without histologic confirmation, were evaluated. The literature search yielded 15 relevant articles, which were very heterogeneous in their aims and methods and described only 25 cases of splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Conclusion The present review shows that solitary splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma are a rare event, but it should be considered in patients presenting with splenic lesions at imaging and a history of primary or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No evidence supports a negative impact of splenectomy in patients with solitary splenic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Genova
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, PA, Italy.
| | - Francesco Brunetti
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Filippo Landi
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Vincenzo Lizzi
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Cecile Charpy
- Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Department of Digestive, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est - UPEC, Créteil, France
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Isolated splenic granuloma: report of a case with an emphasis on ultrasound findings. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2016; 33:115. [PMID: 27277731 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-005-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a marked paucity of reports on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) for focal splenic disease in the literature, and there are no previously reported contrast-enhanced US findings for splenic granuloma. We report the case of a 77-year-old cirrhotic woman with isolated splenic granulomas. We detail the diagnostic difficulty encountered in this case and briefly review the literature.
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Yagisawa H, Ishida H, Komatsuda T, Furukawa K, Yamada M, Ohno H, Kotanagi H, Miyauchi T. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen: report of a case with emphasis on contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2016; 33:177-80. [PMID: 27277856 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-006-0097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Splenic inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare pathology, and the literature stresses the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis. There are no previous reports of contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings for this tumor in the literature. Our case appears to be the first to be examined using this technique. In our case, contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed the mass to be homogeneously and less enhanced than the surrounding parenchyma in all phases, and it included fine enhanced spots. We also briefly review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yagisawa
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Tomoya Komatsuda
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Kayoko Furukawa
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohno
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Akita Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa, Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, 010-1495, Japan
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Isolated and solitary splenic metastasis detected by positron emission tomography in a patient with malignant melanoma: case report and review of the literature. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 17:214-7. [PMID: 23788994 PMCID: PMC3685360 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2013.34627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic metastasis from malignant melanoma is an extremely rare occurrence and is most often reported during autopsy. As in other solid tumors, splenic metastasis is usually part of multiple organ metastases in melanoma and is rarely an isolated or solitary mass. As the use of positron emission tomography /computed tomography and imaging techniques become more common, splenic metastases are seen more often than before. Even though it is a commonly known fact that positron emission tomography/computed tomography is no help during primary staging and patient relations in malignant melanoma, several studies and meta-analyses have proven that it is more specific, sensitive and accurate to identify metastases than raditional methods. Therefore, using techniques with high specificity and accuracy rates such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the diagnosis of splenic metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma will increase the survival rate with an earlier splenectomy. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient with cutaneous malignant melanoma whose splenic metastasis was detected with positron emission tomography/computed tomography. This article describes, with reference to the literature, a malignant melanoma case, which presented with splenomegaly and solitary mass lesion and was diagnosed as metastasis by splenectomy after positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
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14
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Avninder S, Bhatnagar A, Agrawal U, Saxena S. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal mucinous carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 37:98-101. [PMID: 17827530 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-007-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors of the spleen are rare and occur in the presence of disseminated visceral metastasis. Isolated splenic metastases from colorectal carcinoma are rare and only 19 cases have been reported in English literature. We report a case of isolated splenic metastasis in a 52-year-old man, occurring 9 years after the primary colorectal mucinous carcinoma was treated by anterior resection. The patient underwent splenectomy along with adjuvant chemotherapy and is alive and asymptomatic at 22 months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singh Avninder
- Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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15
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Gatenby PAC, Mudan SS, Wotherspoon AC. Splenectomy for non-haematological metastatic malignant disease. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396:625-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2011; 16:306-13. [PMID: 21258837 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Splenic metastases are unusual, arising in less than 1% of all metastases. Isolated solitary splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma is considered exceptional. This rarity has been explained by several hypotheses relating to the anatomical, histological, and immunological features of the spleen. We review the reported cases of isolated solitary splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options for this entity. We searched the English-language medical literature, using the Medline and Pubmed databases from January 1966 through July 2010, for articles reporting isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. Only 26 cases have been reported; four cases had synchronous splenic metastasis. Fifteen patients had regional lymph node involvement on diagnosis of primary carcinoma. The primary tumor was located in the left colon or in the rectum in 18 cases. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was elevated in 73% of cases. All patients underwent curative splenectomy; only one patient had laparoscopic resection of the spleen. Mean reported survival interval was 19.5 months; only three patients were deceased at last follow-up. Solitary splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma is very rare; clinicians are advised to pay close attention when routinely evaluating patients with serial CEA levels and abdominal scans. Splenectomy seems to be the preferred treatment modality with improvement of long-term survival. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from the small number of case reports available.
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Shieh TY, Wang TE, Shih SC, Chang WH, Chan YJ, Bair MJ. Synchronous Isolated Distant Metastasis to Spleen From Colon Adenocarcinoma. INT J GERONTOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1873-9598(10)70007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Compérat E, Bardier-Dupas A, Camparo P, Capron F, Charlotte F. Splenic metastases: clinicopathologic presentation, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:965-9. [PMID: 17550328 DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-965-smcpdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Splenic metastases from solid tumors, defined as parenchymal lesion, are considered exceptional. Nevertheless, the number of case reports has been increasing due to the improvement of imaging techniques and the long-term follow-up of patients with cancer. Splenic metastases occur in a context of multivisceral disseminated cancer or as a solitary lesion. OBJECTIVE To provide a general overview of the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis of splenic metastases. DATA SOURCES Relevant articles indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) database. The search was based on the following terms: (metastasis or metastases) and spleen. CONCLUSIONS The most common primary sources of splenic metastasis are breast, lung, colorectal, and ovarian carcinomas and melanoma in cases of multivisceral cancer and colorectal and ovarian carcinomas in cases of solitary splenic lesion. Splenectomy can be replaced by less aggressive methods such as fine-needle aspiration or percutaneous biopsy for establishing the diagnosis of solitary splenic metastasis. The main differential diagnoses are primary lymphoma, vascular tumors, and infectious lesions of the spleen. The relative rarity of splenic metastases could be explained by anatomic factors and the inhibitory effect of the splenic microenvironment on the growth of metastatic cells. The analysis of clinical case reports suggests that solitary splenic metastases may result from the growth of an early blood-borne micrometastasis following a period of clinical latency, often several years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Compérat
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Isolated liver metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma 12 years after nephrectomy: report of a case and literature review. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2006; 33:173-6. [PMID: 27277855 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-006-0104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a rare case of isolated liver metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 12 years after complete resection of the primary site. Such abnormal behavior of renal cell carcinoma has been reported elsewhere in the literature; thus, careful long-term surveillance should be performed in patients with a past history of renal cell carcinoma, even after radical resection of the primary site. We present also contrast-enhanced sonographic findings for this case.
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Katsuura Y, Ishida H, Komatsuda T, Furukawa K, Yagisawa H, Yamada M, Ohno H, Kotanagi H, Miyauchi T, Saitoh K. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spleen: report of a case and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 31:453-6. [PMID: 16447082 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-005-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a marked paucity of reports on malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spleen in the literature, and there are no previous reports of its color Doppler sonographic (US) and contrast-enhanced US findings. We report on an 82-year-old male with splenic MFH (inflammatory subtype), with an emphasis on color Doppler and contrast-enhanced US findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Katsuura
- Center of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Red Cross Hospital, 222-1 Inashirozawa Saruta Kamikitade, Akita, Japan
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Abstract
Splenic tumours are occasionally found during routine physical check-ups or elective abdominal image studies. Histologically, most splenic tumours are of benign vascular origin. To avoid unnecessary surgery for asymptomatic patients with benign splenic tumours and clarify the clinicopathological features of spleen tumours, this study gathered 44 cases of primary or isolated metastatic spleen tumours confirmed by pathology from surgery specimens or biopsies. The differences in clinicopathological features and image presentations between benign and malignant spleen tumour were investigated. Thirty-two cases involved benign tumours while 12 cases were malignant. Among the benign tumours, vascular originating tumours were most common (with 14 cases of cavernous haemangiomas, 13 cases of lymphangioma, three cases of lymphangiohaemangioma and one case of Littoral cell angioma). Notably, one, case of inflammatory pseudotumour because of Schistosoma parasite infection was also noted. Among the malignant tumours, there were four cases of angiosarcomas with vascular endothelium origins, as well as lymphomas and six metastatic tumours. Image studies were non-specific. Image study alone is an inadequate basis for making differential diagnoses between benign and malignant tumours. Instead, pathological studies are required for a final diagnosis. Using previous studies and this investigation, fine needle aspiration biopsy of spleen tumours with the help of ultrasonic or computed tomography appears a safe and effective method for obtaining biopsy specimens. Splenectomy is recommended only for patients with malignancies or complications such as intractable abdominal pain, coagulopathy or tumour rupture with an unstable haemodynamic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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