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Takashita E, Kawakami C, Momoki T, Saikusa M, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Kumazaki M, Usuku S, Tanaka N, Okubo I, Morita H, Nagata S, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Kawaoka Y. Increased risk of rhinovirus infection in children during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:488-494. [PMID: 33715290 PMCID: PMC8189209 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), was first detected in Japan in January 2020 and has spread throughout the country. Previous studies have reported that viral interference among influenza virus, rhinovirus, and other respiratory viruses can affect viral infections at the host and population level. Methods To investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on influenza and other respiratory virus infections, we analyzed clinical specimens collected from 2244 patients in Japan with respiratory diseases between January 2018 and September 2020. Results The frequency of influenza and other respiratory viruses (coxsackievirus A and B; echovirus; enterovirus; human coronavirus 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43; human metapneumovirus; human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3, and 4; human parechovirus; human respiratory syncytial virus; human adenovirus; human bocavirus; human parvovirus B19; herpes simplex virus type 1; and varicella‐zoster virus) was appreciably reduced among all patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic except for that of rhinovirus in children younger than 10 years, which was appreciably increased. COVID‐19 has not spread among this age group, suggesting an increased risk of rhinovirus infection in children. Conclusions Rhinovirus infections should be continuously monitored to understand their increased risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic and viral interference with SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Momoki
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miwako Saikusa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shimizu
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanaka
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Okubo
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morita
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Nagata
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Mohammadi M, Armin S, Piroozmand A. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of human parechovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Iran. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Human parechovirus (HPeV) is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Materials & methods: Stool specimens (n = 250) were collected from children aged ≤3 years during 2018–2019. HPeV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and genotyping by VP1 gene, Rotavirus (RV) screened by ELISA. Results: HPeV was detected in 12% of the cases. The children under 6-months old (64.2%) were a sensitive group and HPeV was more prevalent during January–February (73.3%). The co-infection of HPeV with RV was 50%. All of the sequenced samples belong to the HPeV-1 genotype. Conclusion: HPeV-1 is one of the major causes of acute viral gastroenteritis in children and the co-infection of RV can be an additional infection in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- PhD student of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Piroozmand
- Associate professor of Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Autoimmune Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kasha, Iran
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Mizuta K, Komabayashi K, Aoki Y, Itagaki T, Ikeda T. Seroprevalence of parechovirus A1, A3 and A4 antibodies in Yamagata, Japan, between 1976 and 2017. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1381-1387. [PMID: 33170118 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Although new parechovirus A (PeVA) types, including parechovirus A3 (PeVA3) and PeVA4, have been reported in this century, there have not yet been any seroepidemiological studies on PeVA over a period of several decades.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The authors hypothesize that PeVA3 and PeVA4 emerged recently.Aims. The aim was to clarify changes in the seroprevalence of PeVA1, PeVA3 and PeVA4.Methodology. Neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) were measured among residents in Yamagata, Japan in 1976, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1999 and 2017.Results. The total NT Ab-positive rate for PeVA1 was between 90.7 and 100 % for all years analysed, with that for PeVA3 increasing from 39.6 % in 1976 to 69.6 % in 2017, and that for PeVA4 decreasing from 93.9 % in 1976 to 49.1 % in 2017. The distribution of NT Ab titres for PeVA1, PeVA3 and PeVA4 among those aged less than 20 years old was as follows: those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA1 were between 68.0-89.2 % for all years analysed; those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA3 was 15.4 % in 1976, 44.3-54.9 % in 1983-1990 and 64.8-68.0 % in 1999-2017; and those ≥1 : 32 for PeVA4 were between 49.1-67.2 % in 1976-1990, 41.3 % in 1999 and 23.8 % in 2017.Conclusions. Our findings in this seroepidemiological study over four decades suggested that PeVA1 has been stably endemic, while PeVA3 appeared around 1970s and has spread since then as an emerging disease, and occasional PeVA4 infections were common in 1970s and 1980s but have been decreasing for several decades in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Mizuta
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, 990-0031, Japan
| | - Kenichi Komabayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, 990-0031, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, 990-0031, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Itagaki
- Yamanobe Pediatric Clinic, Yamanobe, Yamagata, 990-0301, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikeda
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, 990-0031, Japan
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Zhirakovskaia E, Tikunov A, Babkin I, Tikunova N. Complete genome sequences of the first parechoviruses A associated with sporadic pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Russia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pietsch C, Liebert UG. Genetic diversity of human parechoviruses in stool samples, Germany. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 68:280-285. [PMID: 30639518 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human parechoviruses (HPeV) are ubiquitous and mainly occur in early infancy. They are known to cause various clinical manifestations including acute gastroenteritis. To gain insight into the diversity of circulating HPeV genotypes, stool samples from patients (n = 539) with clinical signs of infectious gastroenteritis which showed negative results for other common viral and bacterial enteric pathogens were obtained during three years, 2008 to 2010. Real-time RT-PCR showed HPeV RNA in 34 (6.3%) of the samples. The HPeV detection rate was highest (8.8%) in samples derived from infants and young children under the age of two years. Genotyping was based on VP3/VP1 junction nucleic acid sequences and revealed predominant HPeV-1B (n = 16) and HPeV-3 (n = 12) strains. Those prevailed minor HPeV-6 (n = 3) as well as HPeV-2, -4 and -5 (n = 1, each) strains. To ascertain the assigned HPeV-2 genotype of uncommon strain LPZ04-2008, analysis of complete coding sequences was performed. In complete VP1 analysis strain LPZ04-2008 showed 81.2% nucleic acid identity with HPeV-2 reference strain Williamson. In phylogenetic analysis VP1 of strain LPZ04-2008 clustered with a recent HPeV-2 strain from the UK. Regarding clinical manifestations, severe disease occurred HPeV-1B, -3 and - 6 infections. In conclusion, this paper a high genetic diversity of HPeV in stool samples, including rare strains. The investigation adds data on the whole coding sequences of the rare HPeV-2 strain. Genotyping results confirm previously reported association of more severe illness with HPeV-3 and HPeV-1B strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Pietsch
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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