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Fontoura IC, Trombone APF, Almeida LP, Lorenzi JCC, Rossetti RAM, Malardo T, Padilha E, Schluchting W, Silva RLL, Gembre AF, Fiuza JEC, Silva CL, Panunto-Castelo A, Coelho-Castelo AAM. B cells expressing IL-10 mRNA modulate memory T cells after DNA-Hsp65 immunization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1095-100. [PMID: 26397973 PMCID: PMC4661025 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In DNA vaccines, the gene of interest is cloned into a bacterial plasmid that is
engineered to induce protein production for long periods in eukaryotic cells.
Previous research has shown that the intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice with a
naked plasmid DNA fragment encoding the Mycobacterium leprae 65-kDa
heat-shock protein (pcDNA3-Hsp65) induces protection against M.
tuberculosis challenge. A key stage in the protective immune response
after immunization is the generation of memory T cells. Previously, we have shown
that B cells capture plasmid DNA-Hsp65 and thereby modulate the formation of
CD8+ memory T cells after M. tuberculosis challenge in
mice. Therefore, clarifying how B cells act as part of the protective immune response
after DNA immunization is important for the development of more-effective vaccines.
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which B cells modulate
memory T cells after DNA-Hsp65 immunization. C57BL/6 and BKO mice were injected three
times, at 15-day intervals, with 100 µg naked pcDNA-Hsp65 per mouse. Thirty days
after immunization, the percentages of effector memory T (TEM) cells (CD4+
and CD8+/CD44high/CD62Llow) and memory
CD8+ T cells
(CD8+/CD44high/CD62Llow/CD127+) were
measured with flow cytometry. Interferon γ, interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-10 mRNAs
were also quantified in whole spleen cells and purified B cells (CD43−)
with real-time qPCR. Our data suggest that a B-cell subpopulation expressing IL-10
downregulated proinflammatory cytokine expression in the spleen, increasing the
survival of CD4+ TEM cells and CD8+ TEM/CD127+
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Fontoura
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - L P Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J C C Lorenzi
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - R A M Rossetti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T Malardo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - E Padilha
- Universidade Paranaense, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - W Schluchting
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - R L L Silva
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brasil
| | - A F Gembre
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J E C Fiuza
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C L Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A Panunto-Castelo
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A A M Coelho-Castelo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Rocha CD, Trombone APF, Lorenzi JCC, Almeida LP, Gembre AF, Padilha E, Ramos SG, Silva CL, Coelho-Castelo AAM. Antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 messenger RNA fail to treat experimental tuberculosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1183-94. [PMID: 22983180 PMCID: PMC3854234 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, the use of dendritic cells has been studied as a therapeutic strategy against tumors. Dendritic cells can be pulsed with peptides or full-length protein, or they can be transfected with DNA or RNA. However, comparative studies suggest that transfecting dendritic cells with messenger RNA (mRNA) is superior to other antigen-loading techniques in generating immunocompetent dendritic cells. In the present study, we evaluated a new therapeutic strategy to fight tuberculosis using dendritic cells and macrophages transfected with Hsp65 mRNA. First, we demonstrated that antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 mRNA exhibit a higher level of expression of co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting that Hsp65 mRNA has immunostimulatory properties. We also demonstrated that spleen cells obtained from animals immunized with mock and Hsp65 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells were able to generate a mixed Th1/Th2 response with production not only of IFN-γ but also of IL-5 and IL-10. In contrast, cells recovered from mice immunized with Hsp65 mRNA-transfected macrophages were able to produce only IL-5. When mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with antigen-presenting cells transfected with Hsp65 mRNA (therapeutic immunization), we did not detect any decrease in the lung bacterial load or any preservation of the lung parenchyma, indicating the inability of transfected cells to confer curative effects against tuberculosis. In spite of the lack of therapeutic efficacy, this study reports for the first time the use of antigen-presenting cells transfected with mRNA in experimental tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Coelho-Castelo AAM, Trombone AP, Rosada RS, Santos RR, Bonato VLD, Sartori A, Silva CL. Tissue distribution of a plasmid DNA encoding Hsp65 gene is dependent on the dose administered through intramuscular delivery. Genet Vaccines Ther 2006; 4:1. [PMID: 16445866 PMCID: PMC1403771 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess a new strategy of DNA vaccine for a more complete understanding of its action in immune response, it is important to determine the in vivo biodistribution fate and antigen expression. In previous studies, our group focused on the prophylactic and therapeutic use of a plasmid DNA encoding the Mycobacterium leprae 65-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp65) and achieved an efficient immune response induction as well as protection against virulent M. tuberculosis challenge. In the present study, we examined in vivo tissue distribution of naked DNA-Hsp65 vaccine, the Hsp65 message, genome integration and methylation status of plasmid DNA. The DNA-Hsp65 was detectable in several tissue types, indicating that DNA-Hsp65 disseminates widely throughout the body. The biodistribution was dose-dependent. In contrast, RT-PCR detected the Hsp65 message for at least 15 days in muscle or liver tissue from immunized mice. We also analyzed the methylation status and integration of the injected plasmid DNA into the host cellular genome. The bacterial methylation pattern persisted for at least 6 months, indicating that the plasmid DNA-Hsp65 does not replicate in mammalian tissue, and Southern blot analysis showed that plasmid DNA was not integrated. These results have important implications for the use of DNA-Hsp65 vaccine in a clinical setting and open new perspectives for DNA vaccines and new considerations about the inoculation site and delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- AAM Coelho-Castelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - AP Trombone
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - RS Rosada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - RR Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - VLD Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - A Sartori
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - CL Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- REDE-TB: Rede Brasileira de combate à tuberculose, USP, Riberiao Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Silva CL, Bonato VLD, Coelho-Castelo AAM, De Souza AO, Santos SA, Lima KM, Faccioli LH, Rodrigues JM. Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice. Gene Ther 2005; 12:281-7. [PMID: 15526006 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat for public health, killing around 3 million people a year. Despite the fact that most cases can be cured with antibiotics, the treatment is long and patients relapse if chemotherapy is not continued for at least 6 months. Thus, a better characterization of the working principles of the immune system in TB and identification of new immunotherapeutic products for the development of shorter regimens of treatment are essential to achieve an effective management of this disease. In the present work, we demonstrate that immunotherapy with a plasmid DNA encoding the Mycobacterium leprae 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) in order to boost the efficiency of the immune system, is a valuable adjunct to antibacterial chemotherapy to shorten the duration of treatment, improve the treatment of latent TB infection and be effective against multidrug-resistant bacilli (MDR-TB). We also showed that the use of DNA-hsp65 alone or in combination with other drugs influence the pathway of the immune response or other types of inflammatory responses and should augment our ability to alter the course of immune response/inflammation as needed, evidencing an important target for immunization or drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Silva
- REDE-TB, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Bonato VLD, Gonçalves EDC, Soares EG, Santos Júnior RR, Sartori A, Coelho-Castelo AAM, Silva CL. Immune regulatory effect of pHSP65 DNA therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: activation of CD8+ cells, interferon-gamma recovery and reduction of lung injury. Immunology 2004; 113:130-8. [PMID: 15312144 PMCID: PMC1782550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA vaccine based on the heat-shock protein 65 Mycobacterium leprae gene (pHSP65) presented a prophylactic and therapeutic effect in an experimental model of tuberculosis. In this paper, we addressed the question of which protective mechanisms are activated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice after immune therapy with pHSP65. We evaluated activation of the cellular immune response in the lungs of infected mice 30 days after infection (initiation of immune therapy) and in those of uninfected mice. After 70 days (end of immune therapy), the immune responses of infected untreated mice, infected pHSP65-treated mice and infected pCDNA3-treated mice were also evaluated. Our results show that the most significant effect of pHSP65 was the stimulation of CD8+ lung cell activation, interferon-gamma recovery and reduction of lung injury. There was also partial restoration of the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Treatment with pcDNA3 vector also induced an immune stimulatory effect. However, only infected pHSP65-treated mice were able to produce significant levels of interferon-gamma and to restrict the growth of bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L D Bonato
- TB Network, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Lima KM, Santos SA, Lima VMF, Coelho-Castelo AAM, Rodrigues JM, Silva CL. Single dose of a vaccine based on DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 protein plus TDM-loaded PLGA microspheres protects mice against a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gene Ther 2003; 10:678-85. [PMID: 12692596 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of tuberculosis around the world and the inability of BCG to protect certain populations clearly indicate that an improved vaccine against tuberculosis is needed. A single antigen, the mycobacterial heat shock protein hsp65, is sufficient to protect BALB/c mice against challenge infection when administered as DNA vaccine in a three-dose-based schedule. In order to simplify the vaccination schedule, we coencapsulated hsp65-DNA and trehalose dimicolate (TDM) into biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. BALB/c mice immunized with a single dose of DNA-hsp65/TDM-loaded microspheres produced high levels of IgG2a subtype antibody and high amounts of IFN-gamma in the supernatant of spleen cell cultures. DNA-hsp65/TDM-loaded microspheres were also able to induce high IFN-gamma production in bulk lung cells from challenged mice and confer protection as effective as that attained after three doses of naked DNA administration. This new formulation also allowed a ten-fold reduction in the DNA dose when compared to naked DNA. Thus, this combination of DNA vaccine and adjuvants with immunomodulatory and carrier properties holds the potential for an improved vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Coelho-Castelo AAM, Panunto-Castelo A, Moreno AN, Dias-Baruffi M, Jamur MC, Oliver C, Roque-Barreira MC, Rodrigues V. Sm60, a mannose-binding protein from Schistosoma mansoni with inflammatory property. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32:1747-54. [PMID: 12464421 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that a mannose-binding protein from Schistosoma mansoni, termed Sm60, was recovered in the mannose-eluted fraction (Man(+)) upon affinity chromatography on immobilised mannose of the soluble antigen fraction from adult worm tegument and cercariae. Sm60 was detected in the Man(+) fraction as a prominent doublet with an apparent molecular mass of 60-66 kDa by SDS-PAGE and appeared as a single band with a pI of approximately 6.9 by isoelectrofocusing. Sm60 was also detected in preparations of schistosomula extract and soluble egg antigens using a mouse polyclonal anti-Sm60 serum on immunoblotting assay. This antiserum demonstrated that Sm60 was localised on the tegument of S. mansoni adult worm. In order to determine the role of Sm60 in host-parasite interactions, we showed that Sm60 induced in vitro migration of human neutrophil in a dose-dependent manner and in vitro mast cell degranulation. Sm60 triggered these activities through its carbohydrate-binding site, since these activities were selectively inhibited by 0.2 M D-mannose, but not by 0.2 M D-galactose. Furthermore, Sm60 induced in vivo neutrophil migration. In contrast, mast cell-depleted rats presented a significant reduction of the neutrophil migration induced by Sm60 as compared with non-depleted controls. These data suggest that in vivo neutrophil migration induced by Sm60 is modulated by mast cell-dependent mechanisms. Sm60 might play a key role in the host-parasite interaction, and its characterization opens perspective to examine the role of this molecule in the biology of S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Coelho-Castelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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