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Serran-Aguilera L, Nuti R, López-Cara LC, Ríos-Marco P, Carrasco MP, Marco C, Entrena A, Macchiarulo A, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Choline kinase active site provides features for designing versatile inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 14:2684-93. [PMID: 25515750 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666141216093337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Choline kinase (CK) is a homodimeric enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the ATP γ-phosphate to choline, generating phosphocholine and ADP in the presence of magnesium. Several isoforms of CK are present in humans but only the HsCKα has been associated with cancer and validated as a drug target to treat this disease. As a consequence a large number of compounds based on Hemicholinium (HC-3) have been described. Two compounds, previously reported to inhibit the human enzyme, have recently been shown to inhibit P. falciparum CK (PfCK) and therefore their potential applications might be anticipated to other pathogens. Herein, using molecular dynamic simulations, we have firstly observed that the ATP and the choline binding site of different CK in pathogens and human are conserved, suggesting that previous compounds inhibiting the human enzyme may also interact with CKs from different pathogens. We have substantiated such observation with experimental assays showing that HsCKα1, PfCK and CpCK bind to two compounds with distinct structural features in the low μM range. Collectively, these results uncover similarities among the choline kinase binding site from different pathogenic species and the human enzyme, highlighting the feasibility of designing novel inhibitors based on the choline binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R Hurtado-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain.
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E. Camacho M, D. Carrion M, C. Lopez-Cara L, Entrena A, A. Gallo M, Espinosa A, Escames G, Acuna-Castroviejo D. Melatonin Synthetic Analogs as Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2012; 12:600-17. [DOI: 10.2174/138955712800626674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Campos JM, Sánchez-Martín RM, Conejo-García A, Entrena A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. (Q)SAR studies to design new human choline kinase inhibitors as antiproliferative drugs. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:1231-48. [PMID: 16712467 DOI: 10.2174/092986706776872961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the signal transduction pathways are mediated by protein kinases regulating every aspect of cell function. Mutations which deregulate their expression or their function or both result in cancers. Therefore, protein kinase inhibitors have become the focus of development of new therapies for cancer. A comprehensive review of Choline kinase (ChoK) was published by us in 2003. Since then, molecular information of ChoK inhibitors has been accumulated. In this review, we intend to summarize the new lines of evidence that will include the design of the most active antiproliferative agents so far described against ChoK. Studies have been aimed at the establishment of structure-activity relationships and the structural parameters that define ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of a set of twenty-five acyclic biscationic pyridophane and forty acyclic biscationic quinolinephane compounds. The corresponding QSAR equation was obtained for the whole set of bisquinolinium compounds for the antiproliferative activity, taking into consideration the electronic parameter sigma(R) of R(4), the molar refractivity (MR) of R(8), and the lipophilic parameters clog P and pi(linker). The most potent antiproliferative agent shows an IC(50) = 0.45 microM, predicted by the QSAR equation, whilst its experimental value is IC(50) = 0.20 microM. Finally, toxicity assays were performed for the most promising compounds because of their interesting antiproliferative activities [IC(50 HT-29) = 0.70, 0.80, 1.50 and 1.90 microM] and low toxicity [LD(50) = 16.7, 12.5, > 25 and > 20 mg/kg of mouse]. These biological activities justify further analysis for antitumoral assays under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/ Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Carrión MD, López-Cara LC, Camacho ME, Entrena A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. Structural elucidation of a new delta2-pyrazoline derivatives using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Chem 2005; 43:1063-5. [PMID: 16088869 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the unequivocal structural elucidation of a new kind of Delta2-pyrazoline derivatives carried out by means of monodimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, bidimensional ones such as HMBC and HMQC experiments, and NOEDIFF effects. Conformational analysis of this molecule agrees very well with the experimentally NOEDIFF effects found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Carrión
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
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Espinosa A, Entrena A, Gallo MA, Campos J, Dominguez JF, Camacho E, Garrido R. Conformational analysis of some 1,4-dioxepane systems. 2. Methoxy-1,4-dioxepanes. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00311a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Entrena A, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Jaime C, Campos J, Dominguez JF. Conformational analysis of some 1,4-dioxepines by molecular mechanics (MM2). J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00287a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dinarés I, Entrena A, Jaime C, Segura C, Font J. Vicinal ring H/H Coupling Constants of γ-lactones containing two hydroxyl groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ejtc.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Campos J, del Carmen Núñez M, Rodríguez V, Entrena A, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Fernández F, Lacal JC, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. LUMO energy of model compounds of bispyridinium compounds as an index for the inhibition of choline kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2001; 36:215-25. [PMID: 11337100 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eleven derivatives of 1,1'-[1,2-ethylenebis(benzene-1,4-diylmethylene)]bis(4-pyridinium) dibromides bearing various groups at C-4 of the pyridinium moiety were synthesized and examined for their inhibition of choline kinase (ChoK) and antiproliferative activities. The C-4 substituents include electron-releasing, neutral or electron-withdrawing groups. A one-parameter regression equation has been derived which satisfactorily describes the ex vivo inhibitory potency of ChoK of the title compounds. The electronic effect plays a critical function in the ex vivo inhibition of ChoK although the role of electrostatic interactions could be altered due to a solvation process of both ChoK and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de Cartuja s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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Entrena A, Campos J, Gómez JA, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. A New Systematization of the Conformational Behavior of Seven-Membered Rings. Isoclinal Anomeric and Related Orientations(1). J Org Chem 1997; 62:337-349. [PMID: 11671408 DOI: 10.1021/jo951950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chair and twist-chair conformations of seven-membered rings are classified as a function of the signs of their endocyclic torsion angles. The conformational analysis (MM3) of the methoxy- and methyloxepanes 1-6 used as patterns allows the study and classification of the different types of hydrogen orientation in the seven-membered saturated heterocycles. General principles are established, allowing the prediction of the stability of the different twist-chair conformations as a function of the substituent type, its position in the ring, and the type of hydrogen atom that has been substituted. These results are extended to the 1,4-dioxepane derivatives 7-13 and are compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Entrena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Campos J, Pineda M, Gómez J, Entrena A, Trujillo M, Gallo M, Espinosa A. 5-fluorouracil derivatives. 1. Acyclonucleosides through a tin (IV) chloride-mediated regiospecific ring opening of alkoxy-1,4-diheteroepanes. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Gallo-Mezo MA, Espinosa A, Campos J, Entrena A, Pineda de las Infantas MJ, Gómez JA. Anticancer pyrimidine acyclonucleosides. Farmaco 1995; 50:395-400. [PMID: 7669177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several acyclonucleosides have been synthesized. Series 8 could liberate 5-FU and acrolein selectively in the tumour tissue whilst 9 only discharge 5-FU. The conformational analysis of 8 and 9 has been carried out by means of Molecular Mechanics, using the MM2 force field. It was observed that the open chain linked to the N-1 of the 5-FU moiety mimics the conformational structure of the sugar of desoxyuridine. Biological assays have been carried out in vitro on tumour growth in Ehrlich ascitic cells with the consequent decrease of 35% in the cellular mitosis. IC50 showed values between 3-45 microM for series 8 whilst series 9 were less active than 5-FU. Compared with that of 5-FU the acute and chronic toxicity is considerably decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gallo-Mezo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Espinosa A, Gallo M, Entrena A, Campos J, Domínguez J, Camacho E, Sánchez I. (MM2) theoretical conformational analysis of seven-membered rings (IV)1: thiepane and 1,4-oxathiepane. J Mol Struct 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(93)80127-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Campos J, Entrena A, Domínguez JF, Camacho E, Pineda MJ, Gómez JA. A Facile Synthetic Method for Pyrimidine Acylclonucleoside Analogues from Alkoxy-1,4-Diheterocycloheptanes. Synlett 1993. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1993-22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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