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Naber D, Hansen K, Forray C, Baker R, Sapin C, Beillat M, Peters-Strickland T, Nylander A, Hertel P, Andersen HS, Eramo A, Loze J, Potkin S. Aripiprazole Once-monthly is Superior to Paliperidone Palmitate in a Randomized, Head-to-head Clinical Study. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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2
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Ciuffreda L, Falcone I, Benfante A, Matteoni S, Eramo A, Sette G, De Luca T, Sacconi A, Malusa F, Cesta Incani U, Del Curatolo A, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Del Bufalo D, Cognetti F, De Maria R, Todaro M, Stassi G, Milella M. Synergistic Growth Inhibitory Activity of Combined Mek/Mtor Pathway Blockade in Pten-Null Cancers. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Cesta Incani U, Del Curatolo A, Falcone I, Eramo A, Sette G, Sperduti I, Matteoni S, Shirasawa S, Broggini M, De Maria R, Cognetti F, Ciuffreda L, Milella M. Therapeutic Targeting of Raf-Induced Paradoxical Erk Activation with a Vertical Combination Hitting Multiple Steps Along the Mapk Cascade. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zeuner A, Francescangeli F, Contavalli P, Zapparelli G, Apuzzo T, Eramo A, Baiocchi M, De Angelis ML, Biffoni M, Sette G, Todaro M, Stassi G, De Maria R. Elimination of quiescent/slow-proliferating cancer stem cells by Bcl-XL inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1877-88. [PMID: 25034785 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, urging the discovery of novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. Stem cells have been recently isolated from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), thus allowing the investigation of molecular pathways specifically active in the tumorigenic population. We have found that Bcl-XL is constantly expressed by lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and has a prominent role in regulating LCSC survival. Whereas chemotherapeutic agents were scarcely effective against LCSC, the small molecule Bcl-2/Bcl-XL inhibitor ABT-737, but not the selective Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199, induced LCSC death at nanomolar concentrations. Differently from gemcitabine, which preferentially eliminated proliferating LCSC, ABT-737 had an increased cytotoxic activity in vitro towards quiescent/slow-proliferating LCSC, which expressed high levels of Bcl-XL. In vivo, ABT-737 as a single agent was able to inhibit the growth of LCSC-derived xenografts and to reduce cancer stem cell content in treated tumors. Altogether, these results indicate that quiescent/slow-proliferating LCSC strongly depend on Bcl-XL for their survival and indicate Bcl-XL inhibition as a potential therapeutic avenue in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeuner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - F Francescangeli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - P Contavalli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - G Zapparelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - T Apuzzo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - A Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - M Baiocchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - M L De Angelis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - M Biffoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - G Sette
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - G Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Di Martile M, Desideri M, Gabellini C, Eramo A, Carradori S, Secci D, Milella M, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. 822: The histone acetyltransferases inhibitor CPTH6 preferentially inhibits proliferation of patient-derived lung cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Baker R, Fleischhacker W, Sanchez R, Tsai L, Peters-Strickland T, Eramo A, Kostic D, Kane J. EPA-0790 – All-cause discontinuation and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly for the treatment of schizophrenia: A pooled analysis of two double-blind, randomized, controlled trials. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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7
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De Hert M, Eramo A, Landsberg W, Tsai L, Kostic D, Baker R. EPA-0809 - Aripiprazole once-monthly for the treatment of schizophrenia in obese and non-obese patients; a post-hoc analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Avvisati L, Rossi R, Latte G, Buonaguro E, Eramo A, Marmo F, Tomasetti C, Sarappa C, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. 2251 – Cortical and subcortical gene-expression imaging by different n-methyl-daspartate receptor (nmda-r) antagonists at glutammatergic synapses: implications for dopamine-glutamate interplay in psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Bartucci M, Svensson S, Romania P, Dattilo R, Patrizii M, Signore M, Navarra S, Lotti F, Biffoni M, Pilozzi E, Duranti E, Martinelli S, Rinaldo C, Zeuner A, Maugeri-Saccà M, Eramo A, De Maria R. Therapeutic targeting of Chk1 in NSCLC stem cells during chemotherapy. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:768-78. [PMID: 22117197 PMCID: PMC3321626 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (SC) chemoresistance may be responsible for the poor clinical outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In order to identify the molecular events that contribute to NSCLC chemoresistance, we investigated the DNA damage response in SCs derived from NSCLC patients. We found that after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs NSCLC-SCs undergo cell cycle arrest, thus allowing DNA damage repair and subsequent cell survival. Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint protein kinase (Chk) 1 was the earliest and most significant event detected in NSCLC-SCs treated with chemotherapy, independently of their p53 status. In contrast, a weak Chk1 activation was found in differentiated NSCLC cells, corresponding to an increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs as compared with their undifferentiated counterparts. The use of Chk1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy dramatically reduced NSCLC-SC survival in vitro by inducing premature cell cycle progression and mitotic catastrophe. Consistently, the co-administration of the Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 and chemotherapy abrogated tumor growth in vivo, whereas chemotherapy alone was scarcely effective. Such increased efficacy in the combined use of Chk1 inhibitors and chemotherapy was associated with a significant reduction of NSCLC-SCs in mouse xenografts. Taken together, these observations support the clinical evaluation of Chk1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy for a more effective treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartucci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
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Desai N, Schillinger J, Bratu S, Eramo A, Bowers C, Agrawal A. P1-S1.18 Investigating a cluster of neonatal herpes at a single institution. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Di Virgilio A, Conticello C, Ruco L, Peschle C, De Maria R. Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:504-14. [PMID: 18049477 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1212] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is often incurable and remains the leading cancer killer in both men and women. Recent evidence indicates that tumors contain a small population of cancer stem cells that are responsible for tumor maintenance and spreading. The identification of the tumorigenic population that sustains lung cancer may contribute significantly to the development of effective therapies. Here, we found that the tumorigenic cells in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are a rare population of undifferentiated cells expressing CD133, an antigen present in the cell membrane of normal and cancer-primitive cells of the hematopoietic, neural, endothelial and epithelial lineages. Lung cancer CD133(+) cells were able to grow indefinitely as tumor spheres in serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. The injection of 10(4) lung cancer CD133(+) cells in immunocompromised mice readily generated tumor xenografts phenotypically identical to the original tumor. Upon differentiation, lung cancer CD133(+) cells acquired the specific lineage markers, while loosing the tumorigenic potential together with CD133 expression. Thus, lung cancer contains a rare population of CD133(+) cancer stem-like cells able to self-renew and generates an unlimited progeny of non-tumorigenic cells. Molecular and functional characterization of such a tumorigenic population may provide valuable information to be exploited in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Hassan C, Zullo A, Winn S, Eramo A, Tomao S, Rossini FP, Morini S. The colorectal malignant polyp: scoping a dilemma. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39:92-100. [PMID: 17113842 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal adenomas containing invasive carcinoma represent the majority of early colorectal cancers. The malignant polyp carries a significant risk of lympho-haematic metastasis and mortality due to the penetration of cancerous cells into the submucosal layer. The therapeutic dilemma is whether to perform endoscopic or surgical resection. A thorough assessment of the endoscopic, histological and clinical variables is needed to unravel the best treatment for each patient. In particular, a unique staging of such lesions, based on certain histopathological features, has been deeply implicated in the therapeutic choice. Aim of this article is to review the main endoscopic, histological and clinical features of the malignant polyp in order to propose a systematic management of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hassan
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
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14
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Vicari L, Eramo A, Manzella L, Malaguarnera L, Iannolo G, Gulisano M, De Maria R, Messina A, Vigneri P. The PU.1 transcription factor induces cyclin D2 expression in U937 cells. Leukemia 2006; 20:2208-10. [PMID: 17051239 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zullo A, Hassan C, Eramo A, Morini S. Gastric cancer following Helicobacter pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer patients. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38:528-9. [PMID: 16522383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2006.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Eramo A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Zeuner A, Pallini R, Lotti F, Sette G, Pilozzi E, Larocca LM, Peschle C, De Maria R. Chemotherapy resistance of glioblastoma stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1238-41. [PMID: 16456578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Lubrano C, Cornoldi A, Pili M, Falcone S, Brandetti F, Fabbrini E, Ginanni-Corradini S, Eramo A, Marini M, Migliaccio S, Giancotti V, Badiali M, Falsetto N, Prossomariti G, Spera G. Reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in morbid-obese patients following biliary-intestinal bypass: 3 years' follow-up. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:1600-6. [PMID: 15543161 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients are often affected by hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD), related to the characteristic metabolic alterations. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate reduction of risk factors for CVDs in morbid-obese patients (body mass index (BMI)>40 kg/m2) after weight loss upon bariatric surgery intervention of biliary-intestinal bypass. SUBJECTS 45 (17 men, 28 women) morbid-obese patients (age: 19-49 y, BMI>40 kg/m2). All patients were selected on the basis of medical history, physical and biochemical evaluation and of psychiatric tests, which were performed on all individuals admitted to our Day Hospital to verify the safety of surgical intervention. MEASUREMENTS Body weight, body composition (by dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), blood pressure, lipid profile, fibrinogen and glucose metabolism were monitored at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. RESULTS A significant and persistent weight loss was present in all patients at the end of the 3 y follow-up period (P<0.001), with a progressive reduction of total and trunk fat mass as evaluated by means of DXA. Additionally, a parallel significant reduction in systolic (P<0.001) and diastolic (P<0.001) blood pressure was observed. Total and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced (P<0.001), while HDL showed no modifications; triglycerides declined progressively during the 3 y follow-up (P<0.001). Fibrinogen decreased from 364.5+/-82.4 to 266.4+/-45.7 mg/dl at the end of the period (P<0.001). Fasting glucose levels and glucose levels 120 min after an oral glucose tolerance test were reduced from 95.1+/-20.3 to 78.6+/-9.1 mg/dl (P<0.001) and from 116.9+/-34.7 to 77.6+/-15.5 mg/dl (P<0.001), respectively, at baseline and at the end of the study. Moreover, fasting insulin decreased from 30.0+/-20.4 to 8.6+/-2.9 microUI/ml (P<0.001) after 3 y, while insulin levels after (120 min) oral glucose load decreased from 105.5+/-61.5 to 12.0+/-6.0 microUI/ml (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results show that biliary-intestinal bypass may represent a valid and alternative therapeutic approach in patients with morbid obesity since it induces a significant and stable reduction of body weight and obesity-related risk factors for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lubrano
- Dipartimenti di Fisiopatologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italia
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18
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Zeuner A, Eramo A, Testa U, Felli N, Pelosi E, Mariani G, Srinivasula SM, Alnemri ES, Condorelli G, Peschle C, De Maria R. Control of erythroid cell production via caspase-mediated cleavage of transcription factor SCL/Tal-1. Cell Death Differ 2003; 10:905-13. [PMID: 12867998 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SCL/Tal-1 is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor required for blood cell development, whose abnormal expression is responsible for induction of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We show here that SCL/Tal-1 is a key target of caspases in developing erythroblasts. SCL/Tal-1 degradation occurred rapidly after caspase activation and preceded the cleavage of the major erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Expression of a caspase-resistant SCL/Tal-1 in erythroid progenitors was able to prevent amplification of caspase activation, GATA-1 degradation and impaired erythropoiesis induced by growth factor deprivation or death receptor triggering. The potent proerythropoietic activity of uncleavable SCL/Tal-1 was clearly evident in the absence of erythropoietin, a condition that did not allow survival of normal erythroid cells or expansion of erythroblasts expressing caspase-resistant GATA-1. In the absence of erythropoietin, cells expressing caspase-resistant SCL/Tal-1 maintain high levels of Bcl-X(L), which inhibits amplification of the caspase cascade and mediates protection from apoptosis. Thus, SCL/TAL-1 is a survival factor for erythroid cells, whereas caspase-mediated cleavage of SCL/Tal-1 results in amplification of caspase activation, GATA-1 degradation and impaired erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeuner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
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Badiali M, D'Agostini A, Filippis AM, Corradini SG, Grossi A, Eramo A, Spera G, Lubrano C, Massa R, Scopinaro F. Patency of anastomoses after bilio-intestinal bypass: radioisotope demonstration. Obes Surg 2001; 11:615-8. [PMID: 11594105 DOI: 10.1381/09608920160557110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilio-intestinal bypass (BIB) is effective for the treatment of refractory obesity. BIB permits bile flow into the non-functional jejunum, whereas food transit occurs via the remaining intestine. We used the radioisotope method of 99mTc-Hida cholescintigraphy (HC) in the follow-up of patients. METHODS 21 patients were studied 3 months to 3 years after BIB with HC. After 3 hours acquisition, images were reviewed by two independent observers. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on images: liver parenchyma, cholecysto-jejunal anastomosis (CC), choledochus (COL). Radioactivity taken up by liver was compared with radioactivity of CC and COL. % radioactivity passing through CC (%CC) and through COL (%COL) were determined. The final parameter, -COL, indicates the radioactive bile which does not pass through the choledochus. RESULTS Anastomoses were found patent a few months to 3 years after operation. -COL showed linear correlation with the decrease in cholesterolemia and in body weight in the 1st year after BIB. CONCLUSIONS HC shows passage of radioactive bile through anastomoses and provides semiquantitative evaluation of bile flux diversion. Bile flux towards the gallbladder and non-functional jejunal limb far exceeds flux directed towards the duodenum via the choledochus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Badiali
- Istituto di III Clinica Chirurgica, Università La Sapienza Roma, Italy
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20
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Botta R, Valtieri M, Muller R, Brambilla D, Masella B, Marziali G, Eramo A, Luchetti L, Ziegler B, Peschle. C. Dedifferentiation of CD34+kdr- progenitors by FLK1 gene transfer. Exp Hematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Papoff G, Hausler P, Eramo A, Pagano MG, Di Leve G, Signore A, Ruberti G. Identification and characterization of a ligand-independent oligomerization domain in the extracellular region of the CD95 death receptor. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:38241-50. [PMID: 10608899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.38241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD95 death receptor plays an important role in several physiological and pathological apoptotic processes involving in particular the immune system. CD95 ligation leads to clustering of the receptor cytoplasmic "death domains" and recruitment of the zymogen form of caspase-8 to the cell surface. Activation of this protease through self-cleavage, followed by activation of downstream effector caspases, culminates in cleavage of a set of cellular proteins resulting in apoptosis with disassembly of the cell. It is very well known that the extracellular region of the CD95 receptor is required for CD95L interaction and that the death domain is necessary for the induction of the apoptotic signaling. Here, we identified and characterized a novel CD95 ligand- and death domain-independent oligomerization domain mapping to the NH(2)-terminal extracellular region of the CD95 receptor. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that this domain, conserved among all soluble CD95 variants, mediates homo-oligomerization of the CD95 receptor and of the soluble CD95 proteins, as well as hetero-oligomerization of the receptor with the soluble variants. These results offer new insight into the mechanism of apoptosis inhibition mediated by the soluble CD95 proteins and suggest a role of the extracellular oligomerization domain in the regulation of the non-signaling state of the CD95 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papoff
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Campus "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Via E. Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Since molecular cloning of the C. elegans ced-3 gene revealed its homology with mammalian IL-1beta-converting enzyme,1 14 members of the caspase family have been identified, which have often been involved as mediators of one or more phases of the apoptotic process. 2,3 However, an over-simplified role of these proteases may be insufficient to explain the usually constitutive expression of such a large and complex family of enzymes, many of which display overlapping specificity. In addition to the well-established role of caspase-1 in the production of active IL-1beta and IL-18 in inflammation,4 an increasing number of reports has recently suggested that caspases may have a function outside of apoptosis. In this review, the situations in which cells survive despite the presence of activated caspases in their cytoplasm will be examined and discussed, with the intent to gather all recent advances in this new field that promises to be a focus for caspase research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeuner
- Institute of General Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Della Guardia P, Grossi A, Elisei W, Eramo A, de Santis AD, Attili AF, Genco A, Basso N, Ginanni Corradini SG. Plasma lipoproteins affect rate of cholesterol absorbed from bile by gallbladder: preliminary data. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 31:587-92. [PMID: 10604098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive accumulation of cholesterol absorbed from bile by the gallbladder impairs its contractility and favours gallstone formation. The total low plasma and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations are associated with gallstone disease. AIMS To investigate the effect of plasma lipoproteins on gallbladder cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine absorption from bile and to establish whether cholesterol absorption is Brefeldin A-sensitive. METHODS Gallbladder mucosa lipid absorption rates were measured using: 1) in vitro isolated intra-arterially perfused pig gallbladder model with and without plasma lipoproteins perfusing the vascular tree; 2) human gallbladder fragments mounted in Ussing chambers with plasma lipoproteins at different concentrations in the serosal side; 3) pig gallbladder fragments mounted in Ussing chambers in the presence and absence of Brefeldin A. RESULTS Total lipoproteins and high density lipoprotein significantly increased the release of biliary cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine in plasma and significantly decreased the tissue accumulation of cholesterol absorbed from bile. The scavenger effect of plasma lipoproteins on cholesterol absorbed from bile was concentration dependent. Brefeldin A did not influence gallbladder absorption of biliary cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Biliary cholesterol is absorbed by gallbladder mucosa via a Brefeldin-insensitive pathway and is removed by plasma lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Della Guardia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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De Maria R, Zeuner A, Eramo A, Domenichelli C, Bonci D, Grignani F, Srinivasula SM, Alnemri ES, Testa U, Peschle C. Negative regulation of erythropoiesis by caspase-mediated cleavage of GATA-1. Nature 1999; 401:489-93. [PMID: 10519553 DOI: 10.1038/46809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of red blood cells follows the sequential formation of proerythroblasts and basophilic, polychromatophilic and orthochromatic erythroblasts, and is promoted by the hormone erythropoietin (Epo) in response to tissue hypoxia. However, little is known about the negative regulation of this process. Death receptors are a family of surface molecules that trigger caspase activation and apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Here we show that immature erythroid cells express several death receptors whose ligands are produced by mature erythroblasts. Exposure of erythroid progenitors to mature erythroblasts or death-receptor ligands resulted in caspase-mediated degradation of the transcription factor GATA-1, which is associated with impaired erythroblast development. Expression of a caspase-resistant GATA-1 mutant, but not of the wild-type gene, completely restored erythroid expansion and differentiation following the triggering of death receptors, indicating that there is regulatory feedback between mature and immature erythroblasts through caspase-mediated cleavage of GATA-1. Similarly, erythropoiesis blockade following Epo deprivation was largely prevented by the expression of caspase-inhibitory proteins or caspase-resistant GATA-1 in erythroid progenitors. Caspase-mediated cleavage of GATA-1 may therefore represent an important negative control mechanism in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Maria
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5541, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The transfer of genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins to islets can be used to improve islet function, block apoptosis, and inhibit rejection following transplantation. Adenoviral vectors have been shown to infect intact human islets, but the immunogenicity and transient gene expression of the current adenoviral vectors may hinder their use clinically for islet transplantation. In this report, we compared an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector with the E1-deleted adenoviral vehicle of the Ad5 type for gene transfer to human islets in vitro. We demonstrate that at similar viral particle concentrations per islet that an HIV-based lentiviral vector is able to infect beta-cells within an intact human islet at an efficiency similar to an adenoviral vector. In addition, both the adenoviral and lentiviral vectors were able to express significant levels of soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) protein following infection of intact islets. More importantly, there was no impairment of islet beta-cell function following adenoviral and lentiviral infection in responding to glucose stimulation. These results support the utility of replication-defective lentiviral vectors as efficient gene delivery vehicles to islets to faciliate transplantation of islets for therapy of type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giannoukakis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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26
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Abstract
Apoptosis may be triggered, in a variety of tissues, by interaction of the cell surface molecule CD95 with its specific ligand, CD95L. CD95 plays a physiological role in the regulation of the immune response; furthermore, alterations in CD95/CD95L function may contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Many cells that express CD95, however, are not susceptible to CD95-mediated apoptosis. It is therefore important to identify the mechanisms that counteract the CD95 apoptotic process that are still poorly understood. Growth factors and lymphokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 that counteract CD95-mediated apoptosis may activate phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). We therefore used two different approaches to investigate the role of PI 3-kinase on CD95-mediated apoptosis. First we tested the effect of two pharmacological PI 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, on CD95 agonistic antibody-induced apoptosis in three different cell lines. Second, we co-expressed in COS7 cells CD95 with constitutively active PI 3-kinase. Results of both approaches indicate that active PI 3-kinase effectively protects against CD95-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore we extended our studies on the CD95 downstream mediator, FADD, and on the PI 3-kinase downstream mediator, the serine/threonine protein kinase PKB, using the co-expression approach in COS7 cells. We provide evidence that apoptosis induced by triggering the CD95 cell death receptor is counteracted by PI 3-kinase activation; moreover, PKB but not p70S6K represents the relevant downstream target of PI 3-kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Häusler
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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27
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Papoff G, Cascino I, Eramo A, Starace G, Lynch DH, Ruberti G. An N-terminal domain shared by Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) soluble variants prevents cell death in vitro. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.12.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fas/Apo-1 molecule, also designated as CD95, is a member of the TNF receptor family. Fas cross-linking by its natural ligand or by agonistic mAbs results in rapid induction of apoptosis in susceptible cells. in addition to the Fas full-length mRNA, human activated PBMC and tumor cell lines express several mRNA Fas variants that derive from alternative splicing of the primary transcript. All five variants identified, two of which are newly described here, code for soluble proteins that, with the exception of FasTMDel, are truncated in the extracytoplasmic region and possess short C-terminal amino acid sequences corresponding to a different reading frame. We have identified Abs that recognize all splicing variants and established a sandwich ELISA by which the soluble Fas molecules could be detected in culture supernatants of transfected cell lines and in PBMC following T cell activation. Next, we have studied in detail the functional role of these variants by apoptosis inhibition studies. We found that all soluble proteins block the apoptosis induced by either an agonistic Ab or, more importantly, by the natural Fas ligand in Fas-positive sensitive cell lines. interestingly, this functional property can be assigned to the first 49 amino acids of the mature protein that is the only region shared by the five soluble Fas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papoff
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - I Cascino
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - A Eramo
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - G Starace
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - D H Lynch
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ruberti
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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28
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Papoff G, Cascino I, Eramo A, Starace G, Lynch DH, Ruberti G. An N-terminal domain shared by Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) soluble variants prevents cell death in vitro. J Immunol 1996; 156:4622-30. [PMID: 8648105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fas/Apo-1 molecule, also designated as CD95, is a member of the TNF receptor family. Fas cross-linking by its natural ligand or by agonistic mAbs results in rapid induction of apoptosis in susceptible cells. in addition to the Fas full-length mRNA, human activated PBMC and tumor cell lines express several mRNA Fas variants that derive from alternative splicing of the primary transcript. All five variants identified, two of which are newly described here, code for soluble proteins that, with the exception of FasTMDel, are truncated in the extracytoplasmic region and possess short C-terminal amino acid sequences corresponding to a different reading frame. We have identified Abs that recognize all splicing variants and established a sandwich ELISA by which the soluble Fas molecules could be detected in culture supernatants of transfected cell lines and in PBMC following T cell activation. Next, we have studied in detail the functional role of these variants by apoptosis inhibition studies. We found that all soluble proteins block the apoptosis induced by either an agonistic Ab or, more importantly, by the natural Fas ligand in Fas-positive sensitive cell lines. interestingly, this functional property can be assigned to the first 49 amino acids of the mature protein that is the only region shared by the five soluble Fas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Papoff
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruberti
- Department of Immunobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
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30
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Abstract
In addition to the full length mRNA activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cell tumor lines express several alternatively spliced Fas variants. At least five of these code for soluble Fas (CD95) molecules. In vitro studies suggest that these soluble Fas isoforms inhibit apoptosis induced by agonistic antibodies and, more importantly, by the natural Fas ligand in Fas-bearing sensitive cells. Interestingly, this functional property can be assigned to the first 49 aminoacids of the mature protein, the only region shared by the soluble Fas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cascino
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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