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Saqlain M, Munir MM, Rehman SU, Gulzar A, Naz S, Ahmed Z, Tahir AH, Mashhood M. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:419-423. [PMID: 32437822 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A self-administered validated (Cronbach's alpha=0.077) questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pakistan regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Findings showed that HCWs have good knowledge (93.2%, N=386), a positive attitude [mean 8.43 (standard deviation 1.78)] and good practice (88.7%, N=367) regarding COVID-19. HCWs perceived that limited infection control material (50.7%, N=210) and poor knowledge regarding transmission (40.6%, N=168) were the major barriers to infection control. Regression analysis indicated that pharmacists were more likely to demonstrate good practice than other HCWs (odds ratio 2.247, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.55, P=0.025). This study found that HCWs in Pakistan have good knowledge, but there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge and practice that warrant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Munir
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S U Rehman
- College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Gulzar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A H Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mashhood
- Department of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Saqlain M, Munir MM, Rehman SU, Gulzar A, Naz S, Ahmed Z, Tahir AH, Mashhood M. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:419-423. [PMID: 32437822 PMCID: PMC7211584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A self-administered validated (Cronbach's alpha=0.077) questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pakistan regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Findings showed that HCWs have good knowledge (93.2%, N=386), a positive attitude [mean 8.43 (standard deviation 1.78)] and good practice (88.7%, N=367) regarding COVID-19. HCWs perceived that limited infection control material (50.7%, N=210) and poor knowledge regarding transmission (40.6%, N=168) were the major barriers to infection control. Regression analysis indicated that pharmacists were more likely to demonstrate good practice than other HCWs (odds ratio 2.247, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.55, P=0.025). This study found that HCWs in Pakistan have good knowledge, but there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge and practice that warrant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Munir
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S U Rehman
- College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Gulzar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Naz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A H Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mashhood
- Department of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Tahir AH, Sheeler LR. Recurrent Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:977-81. [PMID: 1580725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four patients with proven Cushing's disease underwent transsphenoidal surgery between January 1976 and August 1988. Postoperatively, all the patients had biochemically proven remission. Seven patients who had recurrence of their disease (incidence, 20.6%) were evaluated clinically and biochemically and the results are presented. All of seven patients had surgically and pathologically proven pituitary adenomas. All of seven patients had postoperative adrenal insufficiency necessitating steroid replacement for a mean of 8 months. The time of recurrence varied widely and ranged from 29 to 62 months, with a mean of 40 months. We conclude that (1) the longer the period of follow-up, the higher the incidence of recurrence; (2) although the recurrence rate is low (20.6%), it is certainly appreciable; and (3) the time of recurrence can be delayed (62 months) and thus we recommend yearly follow-up with urinary free cortisol determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Tahir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195
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Barrett J, Tahir AH, Litwin MS. Increased pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in humans following blood transfusion. Relation to screen filtration pressure of transfused blood and prevention by Dacron wool (Swank) filtration. Arch Surg 1978; 113:947-50. [PMID: 150833 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1978.01370200041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion through standard filters to dogs of stored blood containing microaggregates results in an increase in pulmonary arteriovenous shunting (Qs/Qt) and a decreased diffusion capacity of the lung for O2. These effects are due to microemboli that pass the filters and are prevented by use of Dacron wool (Swank) micropore transfusion filters. It was the purpose of this study to determine whether alterations in pulmonary shunting occur in humans following transfusions of stored blood through standard transfusion filters. In eight patients transfused over 20% of blood volumes through standard filters, Qs/Qt and alveolar-arterial O2 tension differences increased significantly. These changes did not occur in patients transfused comparable amounts of blood through Dacron wool (Swank) filters or in patients transfused less than 20% of blood volumes. A direct correlation was found between the absolute percent change in Qs/Qt and the quantity of microaggregates passing the filter and present in the transfused blood. It is concluded that removal from stored blood of microaggregates by administration of the blood through effective micropore transfusion filters prevents an increase in Qs/Qt caused by administration of such material.
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Abstract
Convulsions occurred within 30 seconds after the injection of bupivacaine through the epidural catheter in four obstetric patients in labor, and mild excitation without convulsions occurred in three others. Since the time between injection and the reaction was so short and since the dose was so small, the response probably was due to intravenous injection resulting from lodgement of the catheter in a vein, rather than to absorption from the epidural space itself. It is not generally known that the epidural veins become thin-walled and engorged during labor; thus, inadvertent placement of a cathether in a vein can occur readily. Convulsions, therefore, may follow even injection of a test dose of a drug. Other colleagues have had similar though unreported experiences. Physicians performing epidural blocks should be aware that such an occurrence is possible and that the catheter may be within a vein without blood returning on aspiration.
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Tahir AH, Adriani J. Usefulness of the ultrasonic technic of blood-pressure determination. Anesth Analg 1973; 52:699-702. [PMID: 4738188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tahir AH. A technic for quantitative assessment of myoneural block. Anesth Analg 1973; 52:515-7. [PMID: 4736846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tahir AH, George RB, Weill H, Adriani J. Effects of abdominal surgery upon diaphragmatic function and regional ventilation. Int Surg 1973; 58:337-40. [PMID: 4702865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Tahir AH. Prevention of air embolism during subclavian venipuncture. JAMA 1973; 223:79-80. [PMID: 4739099 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1973.03220010065027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Parmley JB, Tahir AH, Dascomb HE, Adriani J. Disposable versus reusable rebreathing circuits: advantages, disadvantages, hazards and bacteriologic studies. Anesth Analg 1972; 51:888-94. [PMID: 4564635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tahir AH. General anesthesia for bronchofiberscopy. Anesthesiology 1972; 37:564-6. [PMID: 5079310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tahir AH. Bronchoscopy in respiratory failure. JAMA 1972; 220:725. [PMID: 5067152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Parmley JB, Tahir AH, Adriani J. Disposable plastic breathing bags and tubes. Hazards for inhalation therapy and anesthesia. JAMA 1971; 217:1842-4. [PMID: 5109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tahir AH. A simple aid to monitoring muscular relaxation. Anesth Analg 1971; 50:842-3. [PMID: 4255897 DOI: 10.1213/00000539-197150050-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tahir AH, Adriani J. Failure to effect satisfactory seal after hyperinflation of endotracheal cuff. Anesth Analg 1971; 50:540-3. [PMID: 5105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tahir AH, Adriani J. A method for anchoring oral endotracheal tubes during pediatric anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1971; 50:314-5. [PMID: 5103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tahir AH, Adriani J. A method of inserting a nasogastric tube in the anesthetized or comatose patient. Anesth Analg 1971; 50:179-80. [PMID: 5102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tahir AH. A "stereostethoscope" for continuous simultaneous auscultation of both lungs during anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1970; 49:922-3. [PMID: 5534692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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