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Pinhanelli VC, Costa PNM, Silva G, Aguiar DM, Silva CML, Fachin AL, Marins M. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Ehrlichia canis DNA in naturally infected dogs using the p30 gene. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17885-92. [PMID: 26782434 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.22.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a common tick-borne disease caused by the rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae). In view of the different stages and variable clinical signs of CME, which can overlap with those of other infections, a conclusive diagnosis can more readily be obtained by combining clinical and hematological evaluations with molecular diagnostic methods. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the p30 gene of E. canis was developed. The assay was developed using DNA extracted from E. canis-infected cultures of the macrophage cell line DH82 and samples from dogs testing positive for E. canis DNA by PCR. The LAMP assay was compared to a p30-based PCR assay, using DNA extracted from EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples of 137 dogs from an endemic region in Brazil. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect a single copy of the target gene, and identified 74 (54.0%) E. canis DNA-positive samples, while the p30 PCR assay detected 50 positive samples (36.5%) among the field samples. Agreement between the two assays was observed in 42 positive and 55 negative samples. However, 32 positive samples that were not detected by the PCR assay were identified by the LAMP assay, while eight samples identified as E. canis-positive by PCR showed negative results in LAMP. The developed E. canis LAMP assay showed the potential to maximize the use of nucleic acid tests in a veterinary clinical laboratory, and to improve the diagnosis of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Pinhanelli
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P N M Costa
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G Silva
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - D M Aguiar
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - C M L Silva
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A L Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M Marins
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Melo JO, Fachin AL, Rizo WF, Jesus HCR, Arrigoni-Blank MF, Alves PB, Marins MA, França SC, Blank AF. Cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes on HeLa, B16, and MCF-7 cells and normal human fibroblasts. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:2691-7. [PMID: 24782082 DOI: 10.4238/2014.april.8.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oils from three genotypes of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae) and investigate the cytotoxic activities of these oils. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and chemical analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector. 3T3, MRC5, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines were used to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oils, and the level of cell death was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test with three replicates. The cytotoxic activity was expressed as the concentration that inhibited 50% of cell growth. The main compound in the essential oil of LGRA-106 was thymol (40.52%), while LGRA-109 and LGRA-201 contained 45.84 and 32.60% carvacrol, respectively, as their major compound. The essential oils of L. gracilis showed cytotoxic activity against both normal and tumor cells at concentrations below 100 μg/mL; this demonstrated the antitumor potential of these essential oils, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - A L Fachin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - W F Rizo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - H C R Jesus
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - M F Arrigoni-Blank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - P B Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - M A Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - S C França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A F Blank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
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Alves TB, Faggion SA, Santos EV, Roberto PG, França SC, Fachin AL, Marins M. Real-time PCR-based study of haemotrophic mycoplasmas in dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2014000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Santos EV, Silva G, Cardozo GP, Bitencourt TA, França SC, Fachin AL, Marins M. In silico characterization of three two-component systems of Ehrlichia canis and evaluation of a natural plant-derived inhibitor. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:3576-84. [PMID: 23096683 DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) are important elements in the interaction of endobacteria with host cells. They are basically composed of two proteins, an environmental signal sensor and a response regulator, which activate genes involved in a wide range of bacterial responses to their environment. We analyzed three sets of genes corresponding to TCS of Ehrlichia canis, a common tick-borne canine pathogen and the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in order to identify the characteristic domains of the sensor and response regulator components. Analysis of sequence alignments of the corresponding proteins indicated a high degree of similarity to other members of the Anaplasmataceae TCS proteins, demonstrating that they could be useful as universal targets for development of new drugs against these bacteria. We also evaluated by quantitative PCR inhibition of E. canis by (2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (BOA), the core compound of the plant phenolic compound DIMBOA, which shows inhibitory action against TCS of the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefasciens. This bacterium exerts its pathogenicity by transferring oncogenic DNA (T-DNA) into plant cells; this transfer is mediated through a type-IV secretion system, which is regulated by the VirA/VirG TCS. The process of infection and pathogenesis of E. canis is associated with the secretion of effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm through a T4SS system, which blocks the cell defense response. We suggest that BOA, and possibly other plant phenolic compounds that are TCS inhibitors, can be exploited in the search for new antiehrlichial drugs to be used alone or as complements in the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Santos
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Cardozo GP, Santos EV, Fachin AL, França SC, Marins M. A glass bead protocol for recovery of host cell free Ehrlichia canis and quantification by Sybr-green real-time PCR. BIOCELL 2011; 35:35-36. [PMID: 21667670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
E. canis infection of the canine cell line DH82 is a routine in studies with this bacteria. A protocol for isolation of host cell free bacteria was developed based on the use of glass beads. Improvement of infection with E. canis isolated by this method was detected by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Cardozo
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Bassi C, Mello SS, Cardoso RS, Godoy PDV, Fachin AL, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Carlotti CG, Falcão RP, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Transcriptional changes in U343 MG-a glioblastoma cell line exposed to ionizing radiation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 27:919-29. [PMID: 19273547 DOI: 10.1177/0960327108102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive and radioresistant brain tumor. Aiming to study how glioma cells respond to gamma-rays in terms of biological processes involved in cellular responses, we performed experiments at cellular context and gene expression analysis in U343-MG-a GBM cells irradiated with 1 Gy and collected at 6 h post-irradiation. The survival rate was approximately 61% for 1 Gy and was completely reduced at 16 Gy. By performing the microarray technique, 859 cDNA clones were analyzed. The Significance Analysis of Microarray algorithm indicated 196 significant expressed genes (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.42%): 67 down-regulated and 97 up-regulated genes, which belong to several classes: metabolism, adhesion/cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle/apoptosis, membrane transport, DNA repair/DNA damage signaling, transcription factor, intracellular signaling, and RNA processing. Differential expression patterns of five selected genes (HSPA9B, INPP5A, PIP5K1A, FANCG, and TPP2) observed by the microarray analysis were further confirmed by the quantitative real time RT-PCR method, which demonstrated an up-regulation status of those genes. These results indicate a broad spectrum of biological processes (which may reflect the radio-resistance of U343 cells) that were altered in irradiated glioma cells, so as to guarantee cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cl Bassi
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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D'Arce LPG, Bassi CL, Fachin AL, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Occurrence of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene in SV40-transformed fibroblast cell lines. Genetica 2009; 136:471-8. [PMID: 19142737 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Illegitimate V(D)J-recombination in lymphoid malignancies involves rearrangements in immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor genes, and these rearrangements may play a role in oncogenic events. High frequencies of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene (rearrangement between the TRB and TRG loci at 7q35 and 7p14-15, respectively) have been detected in lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), and also in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Although the TRGV-BJ gene has been described only in T-lymphocytes, we previously detected the presence of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene in the genomic DNA extracted from SV40-transformed AT5BIVA fibroblasts from an AT patient. Aiming to determine whether the AT phenotype or the SV40 transformation could be responsible for the production of the hybrid gene by illegitimate V(D)J-recombination, DNA samples were extracted from primary and SV40-transformed (normal and AT) cell lines, following Nested-PCR with TRGV- and TRBJ-specific primers. The hybrid gene was only detected in SV40-transformed fibroblasts (AT-5BIVA and MRC-5). Sequence alignment of the cloned PCR products using the BLAST program confirmed that the fragments corresponded to the TRGV-BJ hybrid gene. The present results indicate that the rearrangement can be produced in nonlymphoid cells, probably as a consequence of the genomic instability caused by the SV40-transformation, and independently of ATM gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P G D'Arce
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Fuzii HT, Yoshikawa GT, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Fachin AL, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Andrade LEC. Affected and non-affected skin fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients share a gene expression profile deviated from the one observed in healthy individuals. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:866-874. [PMID: 19032821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the gene expression profile of fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and from controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Labeled cDNA from fibroblast cultures from forearm (affected) and axillary (non-affected) skin from six diffuse SSc patients, from three normal controls, and from MOLT-4/HEp-2/normal fibroblasts (reference pool) was probed in microarrays generated with 4193 human cDNAs from the IMAGE Consortium. Microarray images were converted into numerical data and gene expression was calculated as the ratio between fibroblast cDNA (Cy5) and reference pool cDNA (Cy3) data and analyzed by R environment/Aroma, Cluster, Tree View, and SAM softwares. Differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for a set of selected genes. RESULTS Eighty-eight genes were up- and 241 genes down-regulated in SSc fibroblasts. Gene expression correlation was strong between affected and non-affected fibroblast samples from the same patient (r>0.8), moderate among fibroblasts from all patients (r=0.72) and among fibroblasts from all controls (r=0.70), and modest among fibroblasts from patients and controls (r=0.55). The differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for all selected genes. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of SSc patients shared a similar abnormal gene expression profile, suggesting that the widespread molecular disturbance in SSc fibroblasts is more sensitive than histological and clinical alterations. Novel molecular elements potentially involved in SSc pathogenesis were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Fuzii
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rheumatology Division-São Paulo, Brazil
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Cervelatti EP, Fachin AL, Ferreira-Nozawa MS, Martinez-Rossi NM. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel ABC transporter gene in the human pathogenTrichophyton rubrum. Med Mycol 2006; 44:141-7. [PMID: 16519017 DOI: 10.1080/13693780500220449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding an ABC transporter in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, TruMDR1, was cloned by PCR using degenerate primers. The open reading frame of TruMDR1 is 4838 bp long and the deduced amino acid sequence shows high homology with ABC transporters involved in drug efflux of other fungi. The effect of chemicals on the expression level of mRNAs of this gene was analysed by Northern blot. An increase in expression level was observed when the fungus was exposed to ethidium bromide, ketoconazole, cycloheximide, fluconazole, griseofulvin, imazalil and itraconazole, suggesting the participation of this gene in drug efflux in this dermatophyte. The identification of a gene potentially involved in cellular detoxification in a pathogenic fungus is the first step towards knowing molecular events related to antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane P Cervelatti
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeiräo Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fachin AL, Contel EPB, Martinez-Rossi NM. Effect of sub-MICs of antimycotics on expression of intracellular esterase of Trichophyton rubrum. Med Mycol 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/714030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
The electrophoretic pattern of the intracellular esterase of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum was altered when this fungus was grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of the antimycotics tioconazole or griseofulvin. All strains (original isolate and antimycotic resistant mutants) presented five clearly visible bands when cultivated on medium containing below-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of tioconazole or griseofulvin, and only two clearly visible bands when cultivated in medium without antimycotics. No extra bands were detected in the electrophoretic patterns of the extracellular esterase of these fungi (mutants or the original isolate) when cultivated with or without tioconazole or griseofulvin (sub-MIC values). These results suggest that additional forms of esterase are produced inside the cell and may be a nonspecific response to cellular stress, or may participate in cellular detoxification processes in the presence of these antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fachin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Pereira M, Fachin AL, Martinez-Rossi NM. The gene that determines resistance to tioconazole and to acridine derivatives in Aspergillus nidulans may have a corresponding gene in Trichophyton rubrum. Mycopathologia 1999; 143:71-5. [PMID: 10205888 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006919009621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in resistance to antifungal agents is important in the fight against pathogenic fungi. In the present investigation we studied a strain of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans which presents resistance to tioconazole and behaves as the wild strain in the presence of other azole derivatives. Genetic analysis revealed that this resistance is due to a mutation in a single gene located on chromosome II, closely linked to the allele responsible for resistance to acriflavine and other acridine derivatives, i.e., acrA1. This result suggests that a multidrug resistance (MDR)-type mechanisms may be involved. Two tioconazole-resistant strains of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum obtained after mutagenic treatment also became simultaneously resistant to acriflavine and ethidium bromide, suggesting the existence of a resistance mechanism similar to that observed with the acrA1 mutation in A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pereira
- Departamento de Genetica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Fachin AL, Maffei CM, Martinez-Rossi NM. In vitro susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum isolates to griseofulvin and tioconazole. Induction and isolation of a resistant mutant to both antimycotic drugs. Mutant of Trichophyton rubrum resistant to griseofulvin and tioconazole. Mycopathologia 1996; 135:141-3. [PMID: 9066154 DOI: 10.1007/bf00632334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility of three clinical Trichophyton rubrum isolates to griseofulvin and tioconazole, determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), was 2 and 0.5 to 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. One mutant (gril) obtained after mutagenic treatment of one of these isolates was selected and showed simultaneous resistance to griseofulvin (MIC > 2000 micrograms/ml) and tioconazole (MIC = 1.0 microgram/ml). The clinical importance and the possibility of a multidrug resistance (MDR)-type mechanism being involved in this event is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fachin
- Departamento de Genetica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil
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