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Calgaro M, Pandolfo M, Salvetti E, Marotta A, Larini I, Pane M, Amoruso A, Del Casale A, Vitulo N, Fiorio M, Felis GE. Metabarcoding analysis of gut microbiota of healthy individuals reveals impact of probiotic and maltodextrin consumption. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:121-136. [PMID: 33789555 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In a previously published double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we showed that probiotics intake exerted a positive effect on sleep quality and a general improvement across time in different aspects of the profile of mood state, like sadness, anger, and fatigue in 33 healthy individuals. The present work investigates the impact of the probiotic product, constituted of Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01 (all former members of Lactobacillus genus), and Bifidobacterium longum 04, on the gut microbiota composition of the same cohort through a metabarcoding analysis. Both the placebo and probiotic treatments had a significant impact on the microbiota composition. Statistical analysis showed that the microbiota of the individuals could be clustered into three groups, or bacteriotypes, at the baseline, and, inherently, bacterial compositions were linked to different responses to probiotic and placebo intakes. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus and L. fermentum were retrieved in the probiotic-treated cohort, while a bifidogenic effect of maltodextrin, used as placebo, was observed. The present study shed light on the importance of defining bacteriotypes to assess the impact of interventions on the gut microbiota and allowed to reveal microbial components which could be related to positive effects (i.e. sleep quality improvement) to be verified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Calgaro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - M Pandolfo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - E Salvetti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Open Innovation Department, Microbion SRL, via Monte Carega, 22, 37057 San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, Italy
| | - A Marotta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - I Larini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - M Pane
- Probiotical Research SRL, Via Enrico Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - A Amoruso
- Probiotical Research SRL, Via Enrico Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - A Del Casale
- Open Innovation Department, Microbion SRL, via Monte Carega, 22, 37057 San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, Italy
| | - N Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - M Fiorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G E Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Gianfagna F, Marotta A, Noro F, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, Costanzo S, Castelnuovo AD, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Variants in Neuromedin U pathway genes and risk of cardiovascular disease in an Italian population. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide with several functions, considered to be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between genetic variants in NMU pathway genes and cardiovascular risk, in Italian adults from the general population recruited for the Moli-sani study.
Methods
A total of 4,039 participants (mean age 55.8±12.1 SD; men 46.1%) were randomly selected from the whole study population (N = 24,325; recruitment years 2005-2010). DNA from blood samples stored in the Moli-sani biobank were genotyped for 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding for NMU, Neuromedin S (NMS) and their receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2. Cox regression analysis (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels as covariates) was performed to estimate the associations between SNPs and fatal or non-fatal CVD events (validated myocardial infarction or stroke), identified from death certificates and electronic records during a median follow-up of 4.5 years. A genetic score was then computed.
Results
CVD events (N = 93) were associated with mutant alleles in the NMU SNP rs55796004 (HR = 1.94; 95%CI:1.08-3.48) and rs4856020 (HR = 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29-0.94) and in the NMS SNP rs12474526 (HR = 0.48, 95%CI:0.28-0.81), independently from CVD risk factors. A SNP in NMUR1 showed a borderline association (rs6754952, HR = 0.74; 95%CI:0.54-1.00). The derived genetic score was associated with CVD incidence with a HR of 1.57 (95%CI:1.25-1.96, per 1 score SD). A HR of 7.33 (95%CI:1.68-32.01) was found comparing the last vs the 1st decile of the genetic score.
Conclusions
Italian adults carrying variants in NMU pathway genes are at increased CVD risk. Intermediate phenotypes, mediating this association independent of classical risk factors, are unknown and should be investigated. Once confirmed, these results could be useful to improve CVD risk assessment and to plan cost-effective interventions.
Key messages
Polymorphisms in NMU pathway genes are associated with CVD risk independently of classical CVD risk factors, suggesting a potential clinical utility in CVD prediction when added to CVD risk algorithms. The unknown phenotype mediating the association between NMU genes polymorphisms and CVD development could be the neglected CVD risk factor potentially explaining the unpredicted CVD fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gianfagna
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - A Marotta
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Noro
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - B Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Shovman O, Gilburd B, Watad A, Amital H, Langevitz P, Bragazzi N, Adawi M, Perez D, Bornstein G, Grossman C, Lidar M, Blank M, Azuri J, Biln N, Marotta A, Shoenfeld Y. The diagnostic value of 14-3-3η protein levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 32:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dasgupta B, Cherkas Y, Lamberth S, Hayden K, Brodmerkel C, Marotta A, Curran M. FRI0009 Serum 14-3-3 ETA Is An RA Specific Mechanistic Marker. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hirata S, Hanami K, Marotta A, Tanaka Y. FRI0097 Baseline Serum 14-3-3 ETA Independently Predicts Clinically Important Improvements in HAQ-DI in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Tocilizumab. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carrier N, Marotta A, Maksymowych W, Boire G. AB0090 Reactivity To Citrullinated Peptide of 14-3-3eta Protein Is Associated with Worse Radiographic Outcomes in Patients with Recent-Onset Inflammatory Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Boire G, Carrier N, de Brum Fernandes A, Liang P, Masetto A, Gui Y, Savill J, Michienzi S, Menard H, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. THU0048 Testing of 14-3-3eta in Early Undifferentiated Polyarthritis Can Assist with Prioritizing Referrals of High Joint Damage Risk Patients To Rheumatologists:. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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van Schaardenburg D, Turk S, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. THU0045 14-3-3eta Positivity Is Associated with Radiographic Progression despite Patients Achieving Clinical Remission. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hughes N, Boss S, Longe R, Sohal P, Jimenez C, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. AB0079 Independent Validation of 14-3-3ETA Assay Reproducibility, Consistent with Omeract Soluble Biomarker Criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gui Y, Murphy M, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. AB0113 The Citrullinome: Enabling Clinical Insights Through the Development of a Pan Reactive Cit-Specific AB:. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abulrob A, Mercier M, Corluka S, MacKenzie R, Raphael S, Michienzi S, Savill J, Gui Y, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. THU0073 14-3-3ETA as a Novel RA Drug Target: Anti-14-3-3ETA Monoclonal Antibody Delays the Onset and Mitigates the Severity of Arthritis in CIA MICE. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rosenberg A, Maksymowych W, Gui Y, Marotta A. AB1029 Serum 14-3-3ETA is Present in JIA and is not Associated with RF+ Polyarthritis: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hanami K, Hirata S, Marotta A, Tanaka Y. THU0187 Serum 14-3-3ETA is a Modifiable, Mechanistic Biomarker that Predicts Tocilizumab Response. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Maksymowych WP, Marotta A. 14-3-3η: a novel biomarker platform for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014; 32:S-35-9. [PMID: 25365087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a conserved family of 7 isoforms with diverse cellular functions found predominantly intracellularly. The 14-3-3η isoform is expressed extracellularly in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and expression in both serum and joint fluid correlates strongly with expression of metalloproteinases. 14-3-3η activates proinflammatory signalling cascades and inflammatory mediators relevant to the pathogenesis of RA. A new ELISA based assay has diagnostic utility for RA with sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 92.6% using the optimal cut-off from ROC analysis of 0.19ng/ml. Adding 14-3-3η to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) resulted in an identification rate of 72% compared to 59% for ACPA alone. Adding rheumatoid factor (RF) to ACPA increased diagnostic capture from 59% to 72% and this increased further to 78% when 14-3-3η was added. Positive 14-3-3η status is also significantly associated with radiographic progression in early RA at years 1, 3 and 5 indicating prognostic utility. Extracellular 14-3-3η elicits the production of autoantibodies to the native protein, which also possess diagnostic utility. These do not correlate with expression of the protein and have complementary diagnostic utility. The presence of either the protein or its autoantibodies is observed in 90% of patients with early RA. Together with RF and/or ACPA this may result in identification of 95% of patients with early RA.
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van Schaardenburg D, Murphy M, Turk S, Bykerk V, Keystone E, Siminovitch K, Marotta A, Maksymowych W. FRI0226 93% of Early RA Patients Are Positive for 14-3-3Eta Markers and 14-3-3Eta Auto-Antibodies Inform A Favourable Prognosis, Irrespective of RF or ACPA Status. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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van Schaardenburg D, Maksymowych W, Boers M, Turk S, Marotta A. THU0244 14-3-3Eta is an Independent Predictor of Radiographic Changes in Early RA and Higher Titres Inform A Higher Likelihood of Joint Damage Progression. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Marotta A, Maksymowych W. SAT0070 Levels of 14-3-3Eta Predict Good Eular Response to Anti-TNF Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Maksymowych W, Wichuk S, Murphy M, Marotta A. THU0105 Auto-Antibodies to A Specific 14-3-3Eta Epitope is A Marker of Ankylosing Spondylitis, is Associated with SIJ Inflammation and Predicts Radiographic Progression. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boire G, Carrier N, de Brum-Fernandes A, Liang P, Masetto A, Gui Y, Murphy M, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. SAT0041 14-3-3Eta Predicts Radiographic Progression in Recent-Onset Polyarthritis Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sagawa A, Kaneda M, Gui Y, Marotta A, Arai J. THU0226 Evaluation of Serum 14-3-3Eta Levels in A Japanese RA Cohort Treated with Tocilizumab. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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van Schaardenburg D, Maksymowych W, Boers M, van Beers-Tas M, Marotta A. SAT0037 Serum 14-3-3Eta Predicts the Risk of RA Development and Its Higher Titres Are Associated with Higher Risk. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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van Schaardenburg D, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. FRI0002 Lower Levels of 14-3-3Eta PREDICT DMARD Associated DAS Remission at 1 Year Follow Up. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Naides S, Zhukov O, Popov J, Abolhosn R, Lam K, Gui Y, Maksymowych W, Marotta A. AB0941 14-3-3ETA Clinical Assays Are Equivalent and RF Does not Interfere with Its Quantitation. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Marotta A, Kuijk A, Maksymowych W, Tak P. AB0944 Baseline serum 14-3-3 ETA levels predict ACR50 response to adalimumab therapy in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Britsemmer K, Maksymowych WP, van Schaardenburg D, Marotta A. FRI0059 14-3-3 eta is an early ra biomarker that is modifiable with standard dmards and corresponds with improvement in clinical variables. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Marotta A, Kuijk A, Maksymowych W, Tak P. SAT0309 Serum 14-3-3 ETA: An independent biomarker associated with joint damage in psoriatic arthritis:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Britsemmer K, Marotta A, Maksymowych WP, van Schaardenburg D. FRI0058 14-3-3 eta marks radiographic progression in an early arthritis cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Allaart C, Tak P, Marotta A, Maksymowych W. AB0275 14-3-3 eta is an independent marker of joint damage that complements CRP and anti-CCP:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Marotta A, Kilani R, Ghahary A, Maksymowych W. AB0111 Extracellular 14-3-3 ETA represents a novel rheumatology biomarker and drug target for personalized medicine:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Maksymowych W, Bykerk V, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Murphy M, Marotta A. SAT0036 Auto-Antibodies to Pan and Citrullinated 14-3-3 ETA are Expressed in Anti-Ccp Negative RA. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Maksymowych W, Bykerk V, Siminovitch K, Boers M, Landewé R, van der Heijde D, Tak PP, Genovese M, Weinblatt M, Keystone E, Young K, Marotta A. SAT0037 14-3-3 ETA Sero-Positivity Marks More Severe Disease and Titres Inform Response to Therapy, also in Patients with Lower Crp. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abbasi R, Abdou Y, Abu-Zayyad T, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Andeen K, Auffenberg J, Bai X, Baker M, Barwick SW, Bay R, Bazo Alba JL, Beattie K, Beatty JJ, Bechet S, Becker JK, Becker KH, Benabderrahmane ML, BenZvi S, Berdermann J, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bertrand D, Besson DZ, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blumenthal J, Boersma DJ, Bohm C, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brown AM, Buitink S, Carson M, Chirkin D, Christy B, Clem J, Clevermann F, Cohen S, Colnard C, Cowen DF, D'Agostino MV, Danninger M, Daughhetee J, Davis JC, De Clercq C, Demirörs L, Depaepe O, Descamps F, Desiati P, de Vries-Uiterweerd G, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dierckxsens M, Dreyer J, Dumm JP, Ehrlich R, Eisch J, Ellsworth RW, Engdegård O, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fadiran O, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feusels T, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer-Wasels T, Foerster MM, Fox BD, Franckowiak A, Franke R, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Geisler M, Gerhardt L, Gladstone L, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Goodman JA, Grant D, Griesel T, Gross A, Grullon S, Gurtner M, Ha C, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Han K, Hanson K, Heinen D, Helbing K, Herquet P, Hickford S, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Homeier A, Hoshina K, Hubert D, Huelsnitz W, Hülss JP, Hulth PO, Hultqvist K, Hussain S, Ishihara A, Jacobsen J, Japaridze GS, Johansson H, Joseph JM, Kampert KH, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Kelley JL, Kemming N, Kenny P, Kiryluk J, Kislat F, Klein SR, Köhne JH, Kohnen G, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Kowarik T, Krasberg M, Krings T, Kroll G, Kuehn K, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lafebre S, Laihem K, Landsman H, Larson MJ, Lauer R, Lehmann R, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Majumdar P, Marotta A, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, Meagher K, Merck M, Mészáros P, Meures T, Middell E, Milke N, Miller J, Montaruli T, Morse R, Movit SM, Nahnhauer R, Nam JW, Naumann U, Niessen P, Nygren DR, Odrowski S, Olivas A, Olivo M, O'Murchadha A, Ono M, Panknin S, Paul L, Pérez de los Heros C, Petrovic J, Piegsa A, Pieloth D, Porrata R, Posselt J, Price PB, Prikockis M, Przybylski GT, Rawlins K, Redl P, Resconi E, Rhode W, Ribordy M, Rizzo A, Rodrigues JP, Roth P, Rothmaier F, Rott C, Ruhe T, Rutledge D, Ruzybayev B, Ryckbosch D, Sander HG, Santander M, Sarkar S, Schatto K, Schmidt T, Schoenwald A, Schukraft A, Schultes A, Schulz O, Schunck M, Seckel D, Semburg B, Seo SH, Sestayo Y, Seunarine S, Silvestri A, Slipak A, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stephens G, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stoyanov S, Strahler EA, Straszheim T, Sullivan GW, Swillens Q, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tamburro A, Tarasova O, Tepe A, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Toale PA, Toscano S, Tosi D, Turčan D, van Eijndhoven N, Vandenbroucke J, Van Overloop A, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Voigt B, Walck C, Waldenmaier T, Wallraff M, Walter M, Weaver C, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wischnewski R, Wissing H, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Xu C, Xu XW, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zarzhitsky P. Limits on neutrino emission from gamma-ray bursts with the 40 string IceCube detector. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:141101. [PMID: 21561178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
IceCube has become the first neutrino telescope with a sensitivity below the TeV neutrino flux predicted from gamma-ray bursts if gamma-ray bursts are responsible for the observed cosmic-ray flux above 10(18) eV. Two separate analyses using the half-complete IceCube detector, one a dedicated search for neutrinos from pγ interactions in the prompt phase of the gamma-ray burst fireball and the other a generic search for any neutrino emission from these sources over a wide range of energies and emission times, produced no evidence for neutrino emission, excluding prevailing models at 90% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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De Gaetano F, Ambrosio L, Raucci MG, Marotta A, Catauro M. Sol-gel processing of drug delivery materials and release kinetics. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:261-265. [PMID: 15744618 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-6688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silica, calcium (5 mol%) silicate and silica/polycaprolactone hybrid inorganic/organic amorphous materials, all mixed with sodium ampicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The amorphous nature of the gels was ascertained by X-ray diffraction analysis. Release kinetics in a simulate body fluid (SBF) have been subsequently investigated. The amount of sodium ampicillin released has been detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM. The release kinetics seems to occur in more than one stage. Finally FTIR measurements and SEM micrograph showed the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the samples soaked in SBF. All data showed that these materials could be used as drug delivery bioactive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Gaetano
- Department of Materials and Productions Engineering, University of Naples, Federico II Piazzale Tecchio, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Catauro M, Raucci MG, De Gaetano F, Buri A, Marotta A, Ambrosio L. Sol-gel synthesis, structure and bioactivity of polycaprolactone/CaO . SiO2 hybrid material. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2004; 15:991-995. [PMID: 15448406 DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsm.0000042684.13247.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method has been developed to cast novel organic/inorganic polymer hybrids from multicomponent solutions containing tetramethyl orthosilicate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, polycaprolactone, water, and methylethyketone via sol-gel process. The existence of the hydrogen bonds between organic and inorganic components of the hybrid and hydroxyapatite formation on the surface was proved by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The morphology of the hybrid material was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The structure of a molecular level dispersion was disclosed by atomic force microscopy, pore size distribution, and surface measurements. The infrared spectra of the hybrid relative to sample soaked in a fluid simulating the composition of human blood plasma suggests that polycaprolactone/CaO * SiO(2) hybrid material synthesised via sol-gel process is bioactive as well as the CaO * SiO(2) gel glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catauro
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Catauro M, Raucci MG, De Gaetano F, Marotta A. Antibacterial and bioactive silver-containing Na2O x CaO x 2SiO2 glass prepared by sol-gel method. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2004; 15:831-837. [PMID: 15387420 DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsm.0000032825.51052.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial effect of addition of silver oxide to Na2O x CaO x 2SiO2 glass have been studied. Silver containing and silver free Na2O x CaO x 2SiO2 glasses have been prepared by sol-gel synthesis using tetramethil orthosilicate, sodium ethoxide, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and silver nitrate as starting materials and methyl ethyl ketone as solvent. The gel was examined by differential thermal analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Antibacterial and bioactive tests on gel glass powders, obtained after a heat treatment of 2 h at 600 degrees C of the dried gel, were carried out. High antimicrobial effects of samples against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans were found. FTIR measurements and SEM micrographs have ascertained the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of samples soaked in a simulated body fluid for different times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catauro
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
The putative oncogene, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a protein serine/threonine kinase that has been reported to regulate a number of biological properties including anchorage-independent cell cycle progression, tumour cell invasion and apoptosis. Overexpression of ILK has been documented in a wide variety of human malignancies including Ewing's sarcoma (ES), primitive neural ectodermal tumours (PNETs) and prostate tumours (PT). We recently reported that ILK signalling was also dysregulated in patients with the genetic condition familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a precursor to colon cancer. In this study, we extended our previous work by investigating the ILK-signalling pathway in sporadic human colon cancer and representative lymph node metastases. The data indicate that the ILK protein is significantly hyperexpressed in malignant acini in relation to normal crypts. Moreover, overexpression of ILK not only coincided with increased MBP phosphotransferase activity but as well with effects on downstream targets like GSK3beta. Based upon the presented data, we propose that ILK signalling is dysregulated early during the development of human colon cancer, and that selective inhibition of this molecule alone or in combination with the standard therapeutic modality might be a more effective means of treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marotta
- Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - K Parhar
- Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - D Owen
- Vancouver General Hospital, 855 W12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9
| | - S Dedhar
- Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
- BC Cancer Agency, 600 W10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4E6
| | - B Salh
- Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
- Department of Medicine, Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6. E-mail:
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Marotta A, Schiltz A, Roy S, Liu A. Urban house dust DNA suppresses TNF-α production in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)81126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miraglia DGE, Santoro N, Marotta A, Nobili B, Di TR, Perrone L. Inadequate leptin level negatively affects body fat loss during a weight reduction programme for childhood obesity. Acta Paediatr 2002; 91:132-5. [PMID: 11951997 DOI: 10.1080/080352502317285090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a typical example of a complex multifactorial disease arising from behavioural, environmental and genetic factors that may affect individual responses to dietary intake and physical activity. Observational, longitudinal dietary interventional studies in obese patients present contrasting reports on the predictive value of baseline leptin levels. We report on the effect of a weight reduction programme in three different groups of obese children (82 patients in all) assembled on the basis of their baseline leptin levels adjusted for body mass index (BMI), gender and pubertal development. The effectiveness of this programme was decreased in patients with relative hyperleptinaemia or hypoleptinaemia compared to children with baseline leptin levels appropriate to BMI gender and pubertal development. CONCLUSION Information gained from leptin assays could provide predictive insight into an individual's ability to lose body fat and may therefore have important implications for our approach to the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity.
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Sayed M, Pelech S, Wong C, Marotta A, Salh B. Protein kinase CK2 is involved in G2 arrest and apoptosis following spindle damage in epithelial cells. Oncogene 2001; 20:6994-7005. [PMID: 11704824 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2001] [Revised: 07/17/2001] [Accepted: 08/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
p53 undergoes phosphorylation on several residues in response to cellular stresses that include UV and ionizing radiation, however the influence of spindle damage on this parameter is relatively unclear. Consequently, the effect of nocodazole on serine 392 phosphorylation was examined in two epithelial cell lines. We show that this process is dependent upon the stepwise activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2). Furthermore, this activation correlated with the biochemical regulation of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF, cdc2/cyclin B), as both DRB and antisense depletion of CK2, as well as SB203580 were associated with an inhibition of its activation in response to nocodazole. Strikingly, when the cell cycle characteristics of nocodazole treated cells were examined, we observed that depletion or inhibition of the catalytic subunit of CK2, in the presence of microtubule inhibitors, resulted in a compromise of the G2 arrest (spindle checkpoint). Furthermore, CK2-depleted, nocodazole treated cells demonstrated a dramatic reduction in the apoptotic cell fraction, confirming that these cells had been endowed with oncogenic properties. These changes were observed in both HeLa cells and HCT116 cells. We also show that this effect is dependent on the presence of functional wild-type p53, as this phenomenon is not apparent in HCT116 p53(-/-) cells. Collectively, our results indicate two novel roles for CK2 in the spindle checkpoint arrest, in concert with p53. Firstly, to maintain increased cyclinB/cdc2 kinase activity, as a component of G2 arrest, and secondly, a role in p53-mediated apoptosis. These findings may have implications for an improved understanding of abnormalities of the spindle checkpoint in human cancers, which is a prerequisite for defining future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sayed
- The Department of Experimental Medicine, Jack Bell Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
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Marotta A, Tan C, Gray V, Malik S, Gallinger S, Sanghera J, Dupuis B, Owen D, Dedhar S, Salh B. Dysregulation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling in colonic polyposis. Oncogene 2001; 20:6250-7. [PMID: 11593435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2001] [Revised: 06/26/2001] [Accepted: 07/05/2001] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and the subsequent dysregulation of beta-catenin are well-documented abnormalities in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), as well as sporadic polyposis. Intriguingly, overexpression of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been shown to modulate beta-catenin subcellular localization and function. However, the significance of this finding for human carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report the increased biochemical activity and expression of ILK protein in polyps from FAP patients. Furthermore, dramatic increases in ILK immunoreactivity were observed in all abnormal crypts from sporadic polyps, when compared with the normal appearing crypts within the same resected specimens. As sulindac and aspirin are the two most important therapeutic/chemopreventative agents demonstrated in colorectal carcinogenesis, in both humans and animals, further investigation revealed that these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target ILK and ILK-mediated events in vivo. These include inhibition of, both the biochemical activation of ILK, inhibition of serine 9 GSK3beta phosphorylation and the enhancement of TCF-4 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, ILK protein hyperexpression appears to be an early event in colonic polyposis. Additionally, ILK signaling is shown to undergo modulation by sulindac (and aspirin) for the first time, indicating that it is likely to be one of the targets affected by these agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marotta
- Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
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Perrone L, Ponticiello E, Miraglia del Giudice M, Marotta A, Di Toro R. Epidemiological study of blood lead levels of children and adolescents living in Campania, Italy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1999; 13:220-3. [PMID: 10707344 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(99)80039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate blood levels (PbB) in a group of 500 (245 M, 255 F) children and adolescents of Campania (Italy) aged from 0.197 to 16.915 years, 269 (136 M, 133 F) of whom lived in urban zones and 231 (109 M, 122 F) in rural zones. PbB was assayed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. The parents of the examined subjects children were interviewed about common risk factors for lead exposure using a standardized questionnaire. The PbB of children living in urban zones were significantly higher than the PbB of those living in rural zones (60.0 +/- 3.0 mg/L vs. 40.0 +/- 2.0 mg/L, p < 0.001). A PbB higher than 100 mg/L was found in 27 children (5.4%). We observed a significant correlation between age and PbB (p < 0.001, r = 0.529). Our data regarding children and adolescents demonstrate that the prevalence of PbB higher than 100 mg/L is greater in children living in urban areas (6.89%) than in subjects living in rural areas (3.89%). The findings can be explained by the higher presence of risk factors of Pb exposure in urban areas. Our data, if compared with those of previous studies concerning children of Campania, show a clear decrease of PbB. The correlation that we found between age and PbB indicates that long-term exposure at low doses more than a more intensive but short-term exposure seems to be important for the increase of blood lead levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Westphal RS, Coffee RL, Marotta A, Pelech SL, Wadzinski BE. Identification of kinase-phosphatase signaling modules composed of p70 S6 kinase-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and p21-activated kinase-PP2A. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:687-92. [PMID: 9873003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.2.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that regulation of protein-serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2A) involves its association with other cellular and viral proteins in multiprotein complexes. PP2A-containing protein complexes may exist that contribute to PP2A's important regulatory role in many cellular processes. To identify such protein complexes, PP2A was partially purified from rat brain soluble extracts following treatment with a reversible cross-linker to stabilize large molecular size forms of PP2A. Compared with native (uncross-linked) PP2A, cross-linked PP2A revealed an enrichment of p70 S6 kinase and two p21-activated kinases (PAK1 and PAK3) in the PP2A complex, indicating these kinases may associate with PP2A. The existence of protein kinase-PP2A complexes in rat brain soluble extracts was further substantiated by the following results: 1) independent immunoprecipitation of the kinases revealed that PP2A co-precipitated with p70 S6 kinase and the two PAK isoforms; 2) glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of p70 S6 kinase and PAK3 each isolated PP2A; and 3) PAK3 and p70 S6 kinase bound to microcystin-Sepharose (an affinity resin for PP2A-PP1). Cumulatively, these findings provide evidence for association of PP2A with p70 S6 kinase, PAK1, and PAK3 in the context of the cellular environment. Moreover, together with the recent reports describing associations of PP2A with Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Westphal, R. S., Anderson, K. A., Means, A. R., and Wadzinski, B. E. (1998) Science 280, 1258-1261) and casein kinase IIalpha (Heriche, J. K., Lebrin, F., Rabilloud, T., Leroy, D., Chambaz, E. M., and Goldberg, Y. (1997) Science 276, 952-955), the present data provide compelling evidence for the existence of protein kinase-PP2A signaling modules as a new paradigm for the control of various intracellular signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Westphal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, USA
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Salh B, Bergman D, Marotta A, Pelech SL. Differential cyclin-dependent kinase expression and activation in human colon cancer. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:741-8. [PMID: 10216486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) machinery have been linked to cancer development. Hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein results in release from inhibition of progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Hyperexpression of CDK1 and CDK2 may enable progression through late G1, S and the G2 phases of the cell cycle. METHODS/RESULTS To investigate tumor-associated protein kinase activities, control and tumor samples were fractionated by MonoS chromatography and tested for their ability to phosphorylate histone H1. Two major peaks of histone H1 phosphotransferase activity were resolved. The first appeared in the flow through fractions, and occasionally showed enhanced activity in the tumor samples, whilst the second was consistently increased and eluted at approximately 0.4 M NaCl. Western immunoblotting with CDK1 and PSTAIRE antibodies confirmed the co-elution of CDK1 and CDK2 with the second peak. Next, the phosphotransferase activities (following specific immunoprecipitation) and protein levels of CDK1, 2, 4, and 6 were determined in human colon cancer samples and their respective controls. CDK4 activity was elevated in only 3 of 7 tumor samples (range 40-160%) relative to control samples from the same patients, whereas a significant increase in CDK6 activity was observed in the same group (p < 0.05). This contrasted sharply with the universal activations of CDK1 (up to 18-fold, p < 0.01, n = 12) and CDK2 (up to 17-fold, p < 0.05) in the same groups. CONCLUSIONS CDK1 especially, and to a lesser extent CDK2 and CDK6 demonstrate the most consistent biochemical activation in human colon cancer and may represent targets for pharmacological intervention. Cellular proliferation as gauged by MIB1 was not directly correlated with the amplitude of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salh
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Salh B, Marotta A, Matthewson C, Ahluwalia M, Flint J, Owen D, Pelech S. Investigation of the Mek-MAP kinase-Rsk pathway in human breast cancer. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:731-40. [PMID: 10216485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogenic signaling through the principal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway, i.e. RTK-->Ras-->Raf-->Mek-->MAPK has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer. However, biochemical characterization of this has not been adequately assessed in human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using extracts from 23 human breast cancers and control tissue from the same resected specimens, the protein levels, phosphotransferase activities and subcellular locations of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms p42 Erk2 and p44 Erk1 were examined, together with their phosphotransferase activities towards myelin basic protein (MBP) and a peptide substrate patterned after the Thr-669 site in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR T669) that is phosphorylated by MAP kinase. RESULTS Overexpression of both Erk2 and Erk1 isoforms was evident using specific antibodies. A universal activation of MBP and EGFR T669 peptide phosphotransferase activities was also found (up to 3-fold). MonoQ fractionation resolved the bulk of the EGFR T669 peptide phosphorylation from elution of the MAP kinase protein. Erk1 and Erk2 activities determined by specific immunoprecipitation were increased by up to only 2.5-fold in only 50% of tumors overall. Immunohistochemical studies, using a monoclonal antibody specific for Erk2 demonstrated that the cellular distribution of this MAP kinase was similar in both control and tumor tissues, and Erk2 was largely confined to normal and malignant acini, whilst the intensity of staining was actually reduced in the tumor tissue. Mek1 and especially Mek2 protein expression, as well as MAP kinase kinase activity as determined by phosphorylation of kinase-inactive Erk [GST-K71A] were increased in cancer samples. CONCLUSIONS a) This confirms that MAP kinase activity is increased in human breast cancer. However, the frequency and magnitude of this change is dependent upon the chosen methodology (i.e. crude lysate assays versus specific immunoprecipitation). b) A MAP-kinase-independent source of increased EGFR T669 phosphotransferase activity in tumor extracts has been demonstrated for the first time in human breast cancer. c) By immunohistochemistry, Erk2 protein was actually found to exhibit lower intensity in tumor samples; the increased expression was most likely due to its increased distribution. d) Increased Mek protein expression and activation have been demonstrated for the first time in human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salh
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Salh B, Wagey R, Marotta A, Tao JS, Pelech S. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and p70 S6 kinases in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells: differential effects of rapamycin, Ly294002, and wortmannin on nitric oxide production. J Immunol 1998; 161:6947-54. [PMID: 9862729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and protein kinase B are critical players in cell proliferation and survival. Their downstream effector protein kinase, p70 S6 kinase, has an established role in protein translation. The mechanism by which bacterial LPS induces production of nitric oxide (NO) in murine macrophages is incompletely understood, and a role for PI 3-kinase/p70 S6 kinase pathway had not been previously investigated. In this study we demonstrate that LPS induced a fivefold activation of p70 S6 kinase and a twofold stimulation of PI 3-kinase. Pretreatment of Raw 264.7 cells with either rapamycin or Ly290042 completely blocked LPS-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase. Protein kinase B was also activated (twofold) by LPS and was only minimally affected by these inhibitors. PI 3-kinase activity was inhibited by both Ly294002 and wortmannin. The effects on NO production by these agents were strikingly different. While both rapamycin and Ly294002 resulted in almost complete inhibition of NO production, wortmannin was ineffective. Surprisingly, none of the inhibitors reduced the production of the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein (iNOS) as determined by immunoprecipitation. In vivo labeling studies revealed that the iNOS protein was phosphorylated in concordance with the production of NO. We conclude that LPS-mediated NO production occurs via a PI 3-kinase-independent, but FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein-dependent, pathway in RAW cells by a mechanism probably involving phosphorylation of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salh
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Salh B, Wagey R, Marotta A, Tao JS, Pelech S. Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase B, and p70 S6 Kinases in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells: Differential Effects of Rapamycin, Ly294002, and Wortmannin on Nitric Oxide Production. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and protein kinase B are critical players in cell proliferation and survival. Their downstream effector protein kinase, p70 S6 kinase, has an established role in protein translation. The mechanism by which bacterial LPS induces production of nitric oxide (NO) in murine macrophages is incompletely understood, and a role for PI 3-kinase/p70 S6 kinase pathway had not been previously investigated. In this study we demonstrate that LPS induced a fivefold activation of p70 S6 kinase and a twofold stimulation of PI 3-kinase. Pretreatment of Raw 264.7 cells with either rapamycin or Ly290042 completely blocked LPS-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase. Protein kinase B was also activated (twofold) by LPS and was only minimally affected by these inhibitors. PI 3-kinase activity was inhibited by both Ly294002 and wortmannin. The effects on NO production by these agents were strikingly different. While both rapamycin and Ly294002 resulted in almost complete inhibition of NO production, wortmannin was ineffective. Surprisingly, none of the inhibitors reduced the production of the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein (iNOS) as determined by immunoprecipitation. In vivo labeling studies revealed that the iNOS protein was phosphorylated in concordance with the production of NO. We conclude that LPS-mediated NO production occurs via a PI 3-kinase-independent, but FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein-dependent, pathway in RAW cells by a mechanism probably involving phosphorylation of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. S. Tao
- †Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Perrone L, Ponticiello E, Marotta A, Lorenzo E, Di Toro R. [Epidemiological study of blood lead levels in young subjects in the Campania region: preliminary data]. Ann Ist Super Sanita 1998; 34:113-6. [PMID: 9679348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood lead levels were assayed in 261 children (133 males and 128 females) living in Campania, 137 (63 females and 74 males) in urban areas and 124 (65 females and 59 males) in rural zones, aged between 0.197 and 16.863 years. Blood lead determination was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. All children were interviewed about common risk factors for lead exposure. PbB (median +/- SD) were significantly higher in the urban than in the rural population (6.0 +/- 0.31 vs 3.75 +/- 0.25 micrograms/100 ml; p < 0.001). The frequency of blood lead level above 10 micrograms/100 ml was 4.21% in our tested group, i.e., significantly lower than in previous studies. A significant direct correlation between blood lead levels and age was found (r = 0.47; p < 0.001). In agreement with the literature on this subject, our findings show a significant reduction with time, of blood lead levels of children and adolescents in our region. Time of exposure more than total dose seems to be important for the increase of blood lead level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perrone
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Seconda Università degli Studi, Napoli
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Marotta A. [Total quality: priority objective to improve the services of health facilities]. Prof Inferm 1998; 51:41-5. [PMID: 10455784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing attention turned to the "total quality" inside health services is pointed out in the article. The development of this theme started in the United States and subsequently reached Europe. In Italy only since a few years we are noticing initiatives aiming both to the improvement of health services quality and to the relationship with clients. The main elements of the total quality management are pointed out: they are addressed to the satisfaction of clients expectations in an environment involving the whole health personnel towards the continuous quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marotta
- A2. Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione Civico e Befratelli, G. di Cristina e M. Ascoli, Palermo
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Abstract
Four callus lines from immature embryos of a self-crossed maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid cultivar were selected for "high" (two lines) and "low" (two lines) polyamine (PA) levels. Each selected line was exposed to culture media containing no (control) or 1% (0.171 M) NaCl and the relative growth rates were compared after subculture. Low-PA lines appeared to be tolerant to salt stress, while high-PA lines were sensitive. Analysis of PA at the end of the subculture showed that treated calli of sensitive lines had increased their putrescine content in comparison with their control, while putrescine remained constant in tolerant lines. Callus lines were analysed by RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) markers. One polymorphism (550-bp band) was found, demonstrating a genetic difference between the lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zacchini
- Istituto di Biochimica ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali-CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy Fax no.: +39-6-9064492 E-mail: , , , , , , IT
| | - A Marotta
- Istituto di Biochimica ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali-CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy Fax no.: +39-6-9064492 E-mail: , , , , , , IT
| | - M de Agazio
- Istituto di Biochimica ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali-CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy Fax no.: +39-6-9064492 E-mail: , , , , , , IT
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