[The interdisciplinary approach as tool of pharmaceutical education of children: from theory to practice]

The pharmaceutical literacy is a necessary element of ensuring quality of human life that is to be formed at early age. The article demonstrates that key direction of development of health literacy is pharmaceutical education involving pharmaceutical workers. The necessity of development of pharmaceutical literacy in children through involvement into process of pharmaceutical education pedagogues and parents/legal representatives of child. The article presents analysis of normative legal documents regulating strategic directions of state and international policy in the field of protection of health and rights of minor citizen/children that regulate organization of pharmaceutical and educational activities and requirements to pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers within the framework of their professional role. The problematic zones in organization of pharmaceutical counseling of minors citizen were discovered. The necessity to improve professional competence of pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers in organization of pharmaceutical education of children of preschool and school age is established. The results of sociological survey of minor citizen and their parents demonstrated inadequate level of pharmaceutical literacy of respondents. On the basis of research results structural model of interaction of participants of pharmaceutical education of children (pharmaceutical workers - parents - pedagogues). The communication relations at the stage of transferring pharmaceutical knowledge to minor personality were revealed. The main result of the study is original structural functional model of organization of pharmaceutical education of children implementing interdisciplinary approach in forming pharmaceutical knowledge in children of preschool and school age. The stages of interaction of participants and professional tasks of pharmaceutical and pedagogical specialists in process of teaching children skills of pharmaceutical safety are determined.

[NORMATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE BASIC PREREQUISITES OF PUBLIC HEALTH (PUBLICATIONS REVIEW)]

Preservation of public health is the main goal of social progress and development of the society. The search for potential opportunities to improve individual and public health indicators is a positive predictor of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the society and increasing the healthy life expectancy of citizens. The scientific review provides arguments in favor of the need for professional collaboration of specialists from various industries in order to universally realize the most important right of citizens to protect their own and public health. Regulatory legal documents defining national and international policy in the field of health protection and forming the general vector of development of health care activities were used as the sources of information for the formation of the basis of the study. As a result of a logical generalization of global and national priorities and trends in the development of the healthcare sector, the main prerequisites (determinants) of health saving of citizens, adopted by the world community and reflected in domestic documents, are formulated. The main prerequisites (determinants) of health are defined as: promotion of activities that advantage health protection; creation of a single preventive space; specification of the concept of "responsible attitude to health"; coverage of the entire life cycle of a person and all spheres of his activity in the formation of a responsible attitude to health and motivation for its preservation; development of information technologies in the field of health protection; expansion of intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation in order to maintain and strengthen health; improvement of public health literacy; transformation of health services from the standpoint of health protection; development of human resources to ensure health-saving activities. The identified determinants of the preservation of individual and public health can act as a theoretical basis for the development of a scientific and practical methodology aimed at solving problems of improving health through the potential of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists in various fields of activity.

[The methodology of controllable medical pharmaceutical monitoring of patients: from theory to practice (publications review)]

The preservation and promotion of health of citizens is largely determined by professional activity of both medical and pharmaceutical workers, as well as their coordinated interaction with active involvement of patient that confirms the relevance of research on improving organizational technologies for medical and pharmaceutical care of patients. The article presents an overview of international experience of controllable medical and pharmaceutical care of patient. The main interdisciplinary collaboration concepts of medical and pharmaceutical specialists from the point of view of patient health preservation is described. The main trends of professional implementation of interdisciplinary interaction in the practice of national health care are presented. The need to develop integrated medical and pharmaceutical component of pharmaceutical care of patients is justified. The definition "pharmaceutical patronage of patients" is proposed. The original methodological foundations to implement pharmaceutical patronage, including purpose, tasks and significance of the proposed service for optimizing medical and pharmaceutical care of elderly patients are discussed. It is noted that the implementation of the proposed methodology is combinatorial and variable and it may alter depending on capabilities of the pharmaceutic organization and the needs of patients. The systematized list of the main factors determining the structure and variability of functional and applied implementation of the proposed methodology in a specific territory (city, district) and / or in a specific organization is presented. It is emphasized that the key factor in implementing the methodology is the qualification of pharmaceutical specialists that justifies the need in training personnel meeting the tasks of new component of pharmaceutical care. To resolve professional tasks related to medical and pharmaceutical observation of patients, the need to introduce an additional job position with operable title «Clinical Pharmacist» into the nomenclature of positions of specialists with higher pharmaceutical education.

[THE AWARENESS OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS OF ISSUES OF STORAGE AND DESTRUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS]

The article presents results of analysis of awareness of medical personnel of issues of storage, maintenance of quality of pharmaceuticals, collection and transfer for destruction pharmaceuticals unsuitable for medical application. The results of analysis demonstrated inadequate level of knowledge of normative documents, violation of rules of storage of pharmaceuticals, violation of collection of medical waste products. It is established that inadequate attention is paid to these issues in programs of additional professional education. The suggestions are presented concerning organization of continuous professional education of medical professionals related to maintenance of quality of pharmaceuticals.

[PROSPECTS OF INFORMATION INTERACTION OF MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SPECIALISTS IN ASSISTING GERIATRIC PATIENTS]

The authors substantiate the necessity for information exchange among medical and pharmaceutical specialists in providing health services to elderly people. Mandatory conditions for the implementation of the exchange of information are defined and the conceptual model is proposed for information interaction between the medical and pharmacy organizations. This model reflects the recommended sections, types of information, the sender information (doctor or pharmacist), consumer of information, and the purpose of using the information included in a separate section. Ability to implement the concept is considered by the example of the Perm region.

[RATIONAL COMBINATION OF MEDICATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN GERIATRICS]

We undertook retrospective analysis of combination of medications recommended for the long-term treatment of co-morbid vascular pathology (arterial hypertension + coronary heart disease + vascular atherosclerosis) in elderly patients (women, mean age 73 ± 4 yr) hospitalized in a multidisciplinary clinic of the Perm krai from January 2010 to December 2014. Data on the interaction (type A reactions) of concurrently prescribed drugs were compared with those of the National Register of Medicinal Remedies and WHO Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions. Polypragmasia was found to be a characteristic feature of all recommended combinations (4-5 medications were simultaneously prescribed to 56.7% of the patients and 6 or more drugs to 43.3% of them). Nine combinations of drugs were distinguished among those prescribed to elderly patients with vascular co-morbidity. Probability and peculiarities of their interaction (type A reactions) were analyzed and optimal combinations in terms of safety for the treatment of vascular co-morbidity identified.

[Analysis of effects of pharmacotherapy on certain parameters of clinical laboratory diagnostics]

AIM

To study effects of pharmaceutical products on the results of clinical and laboratory diagnostics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The list of vitally important pharmaceuticals, clinico-pharmacological articles of the National registry of medicinal products, formulary articles from the Federal guidelines on the use of pharmaceutical products. Formulary system, instructions for use of individual pharmaceutical products. Systemic and information-based approaches, logical and comparative analysis were used throughout the study.

RESULTS

Results of analysis enabled the authors to draw up separate lists of pharmaceuticals based on their influence on parameters of clinical laboratory diagnostics, such as the list of pharmaceuticals exerting marked effect on diagnostic characteristics (blood properties, primary and coagulative hemostasis, serum enzymes), the list of pharmaceuticals exerting marked effect on systematized laboratory characteristics; the list of pharmaceuticals exerting no effect on clinical and laboratory diagnostics; the list of pharmaceuticals whose effect on diagnostic characteristics awaits clarification.

CONCLUSION

The results of the study can be used for the development of recommendations on pharmaceutical counseling and rational choice of pharmaceutical products being prescribed to concrete patients.

[Organization of drug assistance for the elderly]

The basic directions of optimization of drug help to senior citizens from the standpoint of rational use of medicines, taking into account the features of pharmacotherapy in these patients due to age-physiological processes in the body, polymorbidity, reduction of adaptation to the toxic effects of drugs, and the growing incidence of adverse side effects of drugs. The necessity to take into account these characteristics in the clinical trials of drugs, development of guidelines for their use, development standards or medical care, prescription drugs and establish a regime of receiving from therapists and professional counseling pharmacists by elderly patients when they contact the pharmacy organization is shown. The basic directions of organizational and pharmaceutical approaches for the rational use of drugs are discussed, the results of the analysis of information in the instructions for use are shown.