1
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wheatley
- McGill University Library, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Armstrong
- University of New Brunswick Libraries, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Owrangi A, Wang J, Wheatley A, McCormack D, Cunningham I, Parraga G. SU-F-BRA-08: Development of Novel 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods to Map Lung Structure and Function. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
3
|
Kirby M, Heydarian M, Wheatley A, Etemad-Rezai R, McCormack DG, Parraga G. MO-F-211-08: Development and Application of Novel Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging Segmentation to Measure Acute Treatment Effects in Pulmonary Disease. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
4
|
Mathew L, Gaede S, Wheatley A, Etemad-Rezai R, Rodrigues G, Parraga G. Sci-Thurs AM: YIS-09: Detection of Lung Remodeling Following Radiation Therapy Using Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3244169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
5
|
Kirby M, Mathew L, Wheatley A, McCormack DG, Parraga G. Sci-Thurs AM: YIS-06: Longitudinal Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3244166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Aslam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blakey J, Halapi E, Bjornsdottir US, Wheatley A, Kristinsson S, Upmanyu R, Stefansson K, Hakonarson H, Hall IP. Contribution of ADAM33 polymorphisms to the population risk of asthma. Thorax 2005; 60:274-6. [PMID: 15790980 PMCID: PMC1747383 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2004.027227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAM 33 is the first gene identified as a candidate for asthma by positional cloning techniques, with association studies reaching impressive statistical significance. It has a postulated role in myogenesis, airway modelling, and signalling via protein shedding. Concerns over the methodology of the initial study have led to several attempts at replication, with inconsistent results. METHOD To clarify the role of ADAM33 in determining the risk of asthma in the general population, new transmission disequilibrium and case-control studies were undertaken followed by a meta-analysis of all existing data. RESULTS Studies in Icelandic and UK populations revealed no association when taken in isolation. The meta-analysis, however, showed that the F+1 and ST+7 variants were significantly associated with asthma in both types of study. CONCLUSIONS The additional risk imparted by this variation would account for 50,000 excess asthma cases in the UK alone. This study also demonstrates the size of study required to investigate such hypotheses adequately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Blakey
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simpson AB, Calvert PM, Sludden JA, Boddy AV, Griffin MJ, Schätzlein A, Wilson P, Fishwick K, Wheatley A, Ross GA, Calvert AH, Twelves CJ. Topotecan in combination with carboplatin: phase I trial evaluation of two treatment schedules. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:399-402. [PMID: 11996470 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topotecan and cisplatin combinations have shown schedule-dependent toxicity, which may in part be due to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. As carboplatin is less nephrotoxic and increasingly replacing cisplatin in clinical practice, the aim of this study was to define the optimal sequence and dose for topotecan in combination with carboplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two parallel phase I trials, with pharmacokinetic studies, were conducted administering carboplatin on day 1 with topotecan on days 1-5 (schedule A) or days 8-12 (schedule B). repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were treated over two dose levels, carboplatin AUC 4 [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated from 51Cr-EDTA clearance] with topotecan 0.5 or 0.75 mg/m2. At the first dose level, six patients were evaluable for each schedule. With schedule A, from 34 cycles, there were two dose reductions and 10 treatment delays due to myelosuppression. With schedule B from 25 cycles, there was one reduction and 10 delays. At dose level 2, both patients in schedule A had dose-limiting neutropenia. In contrast, there was no dose-limiting toxicity with schedule B in six patients, although the majority of cycles were delayed. CONCLUSION The combination of topotecan and carboplatin using these 3-weekly schedules lead to significant myelotoxicity with attendant dose reductions and delays; the optimal scheduling of these agents remains to be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Simpson
- Cancer Research Campaign Department of Medical Oncology, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho SH, Hall IP, Wheatley A, Dewar J, Abraha D, Del Mundo J, Lee H, Oh CK. Possible role of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene in the development of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:212-4. [PMID: 11496236 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.117260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, the Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance 90509, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I/II study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of administering the topoisomerase inhibitor topotecan in combination with carboplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Topotecan was given as a 30-minute infusion daily for 5 days, with carboplatin given immediately after topotecan on day 5. Treatment was repeated every 21 days. Carboplatin and then topotecan were escalated in sequential cohorts of three to six patients. Four dosage combinations of topotecan days 1 to 5 and carboplatin (day 5) were tested: 0.5 mg/m(2)/d and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) of 4, topotecan 0.5 mg/m(2)/d and carboplatin AUC of 5, topotecan 0.75 mg/m(2)/d and carboplatin AUC of 5, and topotecan 1.0 mg/m(2)/d and carboplatin AUC of 5. RESULTS Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was common at doses of 0.75 mg/m(2)/d and above, but dose-limiting hematologic toxicity occurred in only one patient. The most common reason for dose reduction or delay was failure of myelosuppression to resolve by day 21. Nonhematologic toxicity was generally mild. The maximum-tolerated dose as defined in the protocol was not reached, but topotecan dose escalation was stopped at 1.0 mg/m(2)/d, because delayed neutrophil recovery precluded re-treatment on a 21-day schedule. CONCLUSION Hematologic toxicity was common but rarely serious, and the combination of topotecan with carboplatin on this schedule was safe and well tolerated. Giving carboplatin to patients after topotecan on day 5, rather than on day 1, allowed dose escalation beyond the levels reported in other studies. The recommended doses for previously treated patients are topotecan 0.75 mg/m(2)/d, days 1 to 5, with carboplatin at an area under the curve (AUC) of 5 following topotecan on day 5. The combination of topotecan 1 mg/m(2)/d, days 1 to 5, followed on day 5 by carboplatin at an AUC of 5, merits further examination in untreated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bowman
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Altered beta-adrenergic regulation has been reported in individuals with hypertension. The variability in vascular responsiveness to beta-agonists, such as isoproterenol, observed in humans may be explained partially by beta(2)-adrenoceptor polymorphism. Individuals with the Gln27 form of the receptor may show reduced vascular reactivity because of downregulation expression of the receptor in the vasculature. We screened 127 normotensive white subjects, 37 of whom were homozygous for these alleles. Thirty-two subjects (17 Gln27 and 15 Glu27) agreed to receive brachial artery infusions of isoproterenol at doses of 1 to 300 ng. min(-1); forearm blood flow was measured by using venous occlusion plethysmography. Of these subjects, 25 (12 Glu27 and 13 Gln27) received local doses of isoproterenol (0.3 to 30.0 ng. min(-1)) via a dorsal hand vein preconstricted with norepinephrine. Compared with subjects homozygous for the Glu27 allele, subjects with the Gln27 substitution had lower baseline blood flow and, in response to isoproterenol, had a significantly attenuated increase in forearm blood flow. This pattern was more marked in veins. We also studied the relationship between the position 16 polymorphism and vascular reactivity. Homozygotes for Arg16 had significantly lower basal blood flow and attenuated increases in forearm blood flow compared with the Gly16 homozygotes. This was significant in veins but not in arteries. Thus, beta(2)-adrenoceptor genotype determines vascular responses to isoproterenol in forearm resistance vessels and in capacitance vessels. Further studies are necessary to establish whether beta(2)-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are important in the genesis of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cockcroft
- School of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Therapeutics, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Candy G, Samani N, Norton G, Woodiwiss A, Radevski I, Wheatley A, Cockcroft J, Hall IP. Association analysis of beta2 adrenoceptor polymorphisms with hypertension in a Black African population. J Hypertens 2000; 18:167-72. [PMID: 10694184 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018020-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not beta2 adrenoceptor polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of hypertension in a Black South African population. BACKGROUND Attenuated vasodilator responses to endogenous catecholamines may contribute to the aetiology of hypertension. Downregulation of beta2 adrenoreceptors (beta2AR) following stimulation with agonists is determined in part by variation at the beta2AR gene locus. The Glu27 beta2AR genotype results in attenuated downregulation compared with the wild-type Gln27 receptor, whereas Gly16 exhibits enhanced down-regulation compared to Arg16. Possible racial differences in the prevalence of the beta2AR polymorphisms may be an explanation for the blunted responses to isoprenaline and the increased prevalence of hypertension in Black African populations. METHODS One hundred and ninety-two unrelated hypertensives and 123 normotensives of Black South African origin were studied. Hypertensives were recruited from hospital hypertension clinics in the province of Gauteng and if on treatment, had a 2-4 week washout period before 24-h ambulatory blood pressure assessment Normotensive controls were recruited from the same community. RESULTS There was no significant association between either the Arg-Gly16 polymorphism or the Gln-Glu27 polymorphism and hypertension status. Furthermore, in the hypertensives, no significant association was seen between beta2AR genotype at either site and clinical blood pressure, 24-h blood pressure or left ventricular mass. A significant association was seen between Arg16 homozygotes and lower body mass index in hypertensives (P = 0.007) although this was not a primary end point. Interestingly, the Glu27 polymorphism was much rarer in this population (allelic frequency 17%) compared to a Caucasian population. CONCLUSION These data suggest that beta2AR polymorphism is not a risk factor for hypertension per se in this defined population. The possibility that the decreased prevalence of Glu27 in black South African populations explains blunted vasodilator responses to isoprenaline requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Candy
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
We report that individuals carrying the CCR5 delta32 mutation, a naturally occurring variant of the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are at reduced risk of developing asthma. These data suggest a possible explanation for the high prevalence of this mutation in the general population.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lipworth BJ, Hall IP, Aziz I, Tan KS, Wheatley A. Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting beta2-agonist therapy. Clin Sci (Lond) 1999; 96:253-9. [PMID: 10029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate bronchoprotective sensitivity in patients receiving regular treatment with short- and long-acting beta2-agonists and to evaluate any possible association with genetic polymorphism. Thirty-eight patients with stable mild to moderate asthma and receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomized in a parallel group, double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive 2 weeks of treatment with either formoterol (12 microg once daily, 6 microg twice daily or 24 microg twice daily) or terbutaline (500 microg four times daily). Bronchoprotection against methacholine challenge (as a provocative dose to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s: PD20) was measured at baseline (unprotected) after an initial 1 week run-in without beta2-agonist, and at 1 h after the first and last doses of each treatment. The PD20 values were log-transformed and calculated as change from baseline. Percentage desensitization of log PD20 for first- versus last-dose bronchoprotection was calculated and analysed according to effects of treatment and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. The mean degree of desensitization for bronchoprotection was comparable with all four treatments and there were no significant differences in absolute PD20 values after 2 weeks of chronic dosing. The PD20 values were (as microg of methacholine, geometric means+/-S. E.M.): formoterol, 12 microg once daily, 99+/-42 microg; formoterol, 6 microg twice daily, 107+/-44 microg; formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, 108+/-45 microg; terbutaline, 500 microg four times daily, 88+/-37 microg. All patients receiving formoterol, 24 microg twice daily, exhibited a loss of protection greater than 30% which was unrelated to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. For codon 16, the use of lower doses of formoterol (12 microg once daily or 6 microg twice daily) showed wider variability in the propensity for protection loss in patients who were heterozygous, in contrast to a more uniform protection loss seen with homozygous glycine patients. The amount of protection loss was not significantly related to polymorphism at codon 16 or 27, expressed as values (mean+/-S.E.M.) for percentage desensitization according to each genotype (pooled treatments): Gly-16, 66+/-11%; Het-16, 53+/-8%; Arg-16, 69+/-18%; Glu-27, 68+/-12%; Het-27, 58+/-8%; Gln-27, 52+/-12%. The results of this preliminary study showed that bronchoprotective desensitization occurred readily in response to short- or long-acting beta2-agonist exposure irrespective of beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at codon 16 or 27. Further studies with larger patient numbers are required to further evaluate the effects of polymorphisms with lower doses of regular formoterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Lipworth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hopes E, McDougall C, Christie G, Dewar J, Wheatley A, Hall IP, Helms PJ. Association of glutamine 27 polymorphism of beta 2 adrenoceptor with reported childhood asthma: population based study. BMJ 1998; 316:664. [PMID: 9522789 PMCID: PMC28470 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Hopes
- Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Aberdeen
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dewar JC, Wilkinson J, Wheatley A, Thomas NS, Doull I, Morton N, Lio P, Harvey JF, Liggett SB, Holgate ST, Hall IP. The glutamine 27 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism is associated with elevated IgE levels in asthmatic families. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:261-5. [PMID: 9275150 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms occurring at amino acid positions 16 (arginine to glycine) and 27 (glutamine to glutamate) are known to be functionally relevant and also disease-modifying in subjects with asthma. However, the contribution of these polymorphisms to the development of the asthmatic phenotype or other markers for allergic disease remains to be established. OBJECTIVE This large family study examines the contributions of these polymorphisms in determining the heritable component of markers for allergic disease in asthmatic families. METHODS Three hundred twenty-four individuals from 60 families multiplex for asthma selected by means of an asthmatic proband were characterized for the following markers of allergic disease: asthma, atopy, and serum IgE. The polymerase chain reaction was used to generate a 234 base pair fragment spanning the region of interest, and the beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism was then defined by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Segregation analysis was then performed. RESULTS We found a significant association (p = 0.009) between the glutamine 27 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and elevated levels of IgE, which was supported by the observation of linkage between IgE and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms at locus 27 (p = 0.037). However, there was no association between either the arginine-glycine 16 or the glutamine-glutamate 27 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and an increased risk of asthma or atopy per se. CONCLUSION The glutamine 27 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism appears to contribute to IgE variability in families with asthma. However, it seems that although both amino acid 16 and 27 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are disease-modifying in subjects with asthma, they do not contribute markedly to the development of the asthmatic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Dewar
- Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dewar J, Wheatley A, Wilkinson J, Holgate ST, Thomas NS, Lio P, Morton NE, Hall IP. Association of the Gln 27 beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and IgE variability in asthmatic families. Chest 1997; 111:78S-79S. [PMID: 9184538 DOI: 10.1378/chest.111.6_supplement.78s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Dewar
- Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital of Nottingham
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hall IP, Wheatley A, Dewar J, Wilkinson J, Morrison J. Fc epsilon RI-beta polymorphisms unlikely to contribute substantially to genetic risk of allergic disease. BMJ 1996; 312:311. [PMID: 8611800 PMCID: PMC2349872 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.312.7026.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Abstract
Cells expressing the Glu 27 beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism show attenuated down-regulation of the receptor after long-term exposure to agonist. We studied beta 2-adrenoceptor genotype for the Gln/Glu 27 polymorphism and airway reactivity in 65 patients with mild to moderate asthma. Glu 27 homozygotes had a four-fold higher geometric mean methacholine PD20 (provocative dose) than individuals who were homozygous for the wild-type (Gln 27) form of the receptor; heterozygotes had an intermediate value (3.23, 0.86, 1.96 mumol, respectively). These data suggest that beta 2-adrenoceptor genotype is important in the establishment of the asthmatic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Hall
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|