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Ortega E, Franch J, Castell C, Goday A, Ribas-Barba L, Soriguer F, Vendrell J, Casamitjana R, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Calle-Pascual A, Carmena R, Castaño L, Catalá M, Delgado E, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Pascual-Manich G, Rojo-Martínez G, Serrano-Rios M, Urrutía I, Valdés S, Vázquez JA, Gomis R. Mediterranean diet adherence in individuals with prediabetes and unknown diabetes: the Di@bet.es Study. Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 62:339-46. [PMID: 23838479 DOI: 10.1159/000346553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is causally related to diabetes and is a dietary pattern recommended to individuals with diabetes. We investigated MedDiet adherence in individuals with prediabetes and unknown (PREDM/UKDM) or known diabetes (KDM) compared to those with normal glucose metabolism (NORMAL). METHODS This was a national, population-based, cross-sectional, cluster-sampling study. MedDiet adherence was scored (MedScore, mean ± SD 24 ± 5) using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between MedScore and PREDM/UKDM or KDM versus control subjects. RESULTS We evaluated 5,076 individuals. Mean age was 50 years, 57% were female, 826 (582/244) were PREDM/UKDM, 478 were KDM and 3,772 were NORMAL. Mean age increased across MedScore tertiles (46, 51 and 56 years, p < 0.0001). Higher age-adjusted adherence to MedDiet (5-unit increment in the MedScore) was associated with lower and nondifferent odds (OR, 95% CI) of prevalent PREDM/UKDM (0.88, 0.81-0.96, p = 0.001) and KDM (0.97, 0.87-1.07, p = 0.279), respectively, compared to individuals in the NORMAL group. CONCLUSIONS In a representative sample of the whole Spanish population, MedDiet adherence is independently associated with PREDM/UKDM. Therapeutic intervention may be, in part, responsible for the lack of differences in adherence observed between the KDM and NORMAL groups. However, reverse causation bias cannot be ruled out in cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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Soriguer F, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Calle-Pascual A, Carmena R, Casamitjana R, Castaño L, Castell C, Catalá M, Delgado E, Franch J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Gomis R, Gutiérrez G, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Ortega E, Pascual-Manich G, Rojo-Martínez G, Serrano-Rios M, Valdés S, Vázquez JA, Vendrell J. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Spain: the Di@bet.es Study. Diabetologia 2012; 55:88-93. [PMID: 21987347 PMCID: PMC3228950 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Di@bet.es Study is the first national study in Spain to examine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional, cluster sampling study was carried out, with target population being the entire Spanish population. Five thousand and seventy-two participants in 100 clusters (health centres or the equivalent in each region) were randomly selected with a probability proportional to population size. Participation rate was 55.8%. Study variables were a clinical and demographic structured survey, lifestyle survey, physical examination (weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure) and OGTT (75 g). RESULTS Almost 30% of the study population had some carbohydrate disturbance. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus adjusted for age and sex was 13.8% (95% CI 12.8, 14.7%), of which about half had unknown diabetes: 6.0% (95% CI 5.4, 6.7%). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and combined IFG-IGT were 3.4% (95% CI 2.9, 4.0%), 9.2% (95% CI 8.2, 10.2%) and 2.2% (95% CI 1.7, 2.7%), respectively. The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation increased significantly with age (p < 0.0001), and was higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The Di@bet.es Study shows, for the first time, the prevalence rates of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in a representative sample of the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Soriguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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Marcuello C, Calle-Pascual AL, Fuentes M, Runkle I, Soriguer F, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Carmena R, Casamitjana R, Castaño L, Castell C, Catalá M, Delgado E, Franch J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Gomis R, Gutiérrez G, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Ortega E, Pascual-Manich G, Rojo-Martínez G, Serrano-Rios M, Valdés S, Vázquez JA, Vendrell J. Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life according to Carbohydrate Metabolism Status: A Spanish Population-Based Study (Di@bet.es Study). Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:872305. [PMID: 22848215 PMCID: PMC3405659 DOI: 10.1155/2012/872305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the association between diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) controlled for several sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Methods. A population-based, cross-sectional, and cluster sampling study, with the entire Spanish population as the target population. Five thousand and forty-seven participants (2162/2885 men/women) answered the HRQOL short form 12-questionnaire (SF-12). The physical (PCS-12) and the mental component summary (MCS-12) scores were assessed. Subjects were divided into four groups according to carbohydrate metabolism status: normal, prediabetes, unknown diabetes (UNKDM), and known diabetes (KDM). Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results. Mean PCS-12/MCS-12 values were 50.9 ± 8.5/ 47.6 ± 10.2, respectively. Men had higher scores than women in both PCS-12 (51.8 ± 7.2 versus 50.3 ± 9.2; P < 0.001) and MCS-12 (50.2 ± 8.5 versus 45.5 ± 10.8; P < 0.001). Increasing age and obesity were associated with a poorer PCS-12 score. In women lower PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were associated with a higher level of glucose metabolism abnormality (prediabetes and diabetes), (P < 0.0001 for trend), but only the PCS-12 score was associated with altered glucose levels in men (P < 0.001 for trend). The Odds Ratio adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and educational level, for a PCS-12 score below the median was 1.62 (CI 95%: 1.2-2.19; P < 0.002) for men with KDM and 1.75 for women with KDM (CI 95%: 1.26-2.43; P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion. Current study indicates that increasing levels of altered carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by a trend towards decreasing quality of life, mainly in women, in a representative sample of Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Marcuello
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. L. Calle-Pascual
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *A. L. Calle-Pascual:
| | - M. Fuentes
- Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Runkle
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Soriguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Goday
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Bosch-Comas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Bordiú
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Carmena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 40010 Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Casamitjana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Biomedic Diagnostic Centre, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Castaño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - C. Castell
- Public Health Division, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Catalá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 40010 Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J. Franch
- EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, Primary Care, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca (IDIAP—Fundació Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Gaztambide
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J. Girbés
- Diabetes Unit, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Gomis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - M. T. Martínez-Larrad
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Lipids and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Menéndez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - E. Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Pascual-Manich
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - G. Rojo-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Serrano-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Lipids and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Valdés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J. A. Vázquez
- Diabetes National Plan, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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