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Dawson KLD, Wildi N, Koch MC, Oevermann A, Rosato G, Grest P, Hilbe M, Seuberlich T. Virus discovery in dogs with non-suppurative encephalitis reveals a high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in Switzerland. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:656-666. [PMID: 37822248 DOI: doi.org/10.17236/sat00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infections are a frequent cause of disseminated non-suppurative encephalitis in dogs. However, using routine diagnostic methods, the specific virus may remain unknown due to extensive or complete viral clearance or because the virus is unexpected or new. A metatranscriptomics-based approach of combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the viral etiology in archival cases of dogs with non-suppurative encephalitis. In formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) brain material from the years 1976 to 2021 a high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was detected. Moreover, canine distemper virus (CDV) was identified without typical demyelinating lesions and canine vesivirus (CaVV) was detected as an unexpected virus associated with non-suppurative encephalitis. We demonstrated the viral presence in brain tissues at the sites of inflammation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). These results highlight the value of emerging sequencing technologies in veterinary diagnostics and expand our knowledge on the etiologies of encephalitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L D Dawson
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - N Wildi
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - M C Koch
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - G Rosato
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - P Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - T Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
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2
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Belluco S, Marano G, Baiker K, Beineke A, Oevermann A, Seehusen F, Avallone G, Brachelente C, Di Palma S, Rasotto R, Ferreira de De Sant’Ana F, Boracchi P, Pumarola M, Mandara M. Erratum to the Abstract ‘Grading of Canine Meningiomas: Recommendations for Reproducible Criteria in Histopathology’. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Belluco S, Marano G, Baiker K, Beineke A, Oevermann A, Seehusen F, Avallone G, Brachelente C, Di Palma S, Rasotto R, Boracchi P, Pumarola M, Mandara M. Grading of Canine Meningiomas: Recommendations for Reproducible Criteria in Histopathology. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Graubner C, Bergmann W, Gerber V, Veraa S, Oevermann A, Wijnberg I. Quantitative motor unit action potential analysis of paraspinal muscles, diagnostic imaging and necropsy findings in 36 horses suspected of cervical impairment. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 162:213-221. [PMID: 32234691 DOI: 10.17236/sat00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aims: To determine the relation between quantitative electromyography (QEMG) of the cervical ventral serratus muscle, radiographic findings and post-mortem gross and histopathological examination in order to calculate the ability of QEMG to localize the region of cervical compressive neuropathy and myelopathy in horses. Methods: In this clinical, non-randomised, partially blinded study (QEMG and histology), 36 warmblood horses with clinical suspicion of cervical spine disease were examined with QEMG in different segments of the ventral serratus muscle. Results were compared to normative data. Diagnostic imaging was performed in 28 cases. All horses were euthanized because of poor clinical prognoses and/or recurrent clinical neurological signs despite treatment and underwent necropsy with emphasis on the cervical nervous tissue and vertebrae. Clinical and diagnostic imaging findings, QEMG results and post mortem findings were compared with each other. Results: Overall mean values of duration (9.54 ms), polyphasia, number of phases (3.6) and size index (0.67) in horses with cervical lesions were significantly (P.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Graubner
- Institut Suisse de Médecine Equine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Switzerland
| | - W Bergmann
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - V Gerber
- Institut Suisse de Médecine Equine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Switzerland
| | - S Veraa
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne
| | - I Wijnberg
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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5
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Oevermann A, Boujon C, Kauer R, Meylan M, Seuberlich T. Neuropathological phenotype variation in ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) infection of cattle. J Comp Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Henke D, Drögemüller M, Leeb T, Schweizer D, Steffen F, Demierre S, Dickinson P, Vandevelde M, Oevermann A. Familial diffuse astrocytoma (of gliomatosis cerebri type) in bearded collies. J Comp Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Serra F, Dudas S, Torres JM, Anderson R, Oevermann A, Espinosa JC, Czub S, Seuberlich T. Presumptive BSE cases with an aberrant prion protein phenotype in Switzerland, 2011: Lack of prion disease in experimentally inoculated cattle and bovine prion protein transgenic mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1348-1356. [PMID: 29675959 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is caused by different prion strains that are discriminated by the molecular characteristics of the pathological prion protein. In 2011, Switzerland reported two presumptive cases of BSE in cattle with a prion protein phenotype different from previously described strains, and it was unclear whether these findings were related to a transmissible disease and have implications on animal and public health. In this study, brain tissues of these cases were inoculated into transgenic mice expressing the bovine prion protein (BoPrP-Tg110) and into cattle. Clinical and pathological investigations as well as molecular testing did not provide evidence for the presence of BSE in the Swiss cases after two passages in BoPrP-Tg110 mice and a challenge period of 3.5 years in cattle. This lack of disease transmission suggests that the Swiss 2011 cases were not affected by a prion disease and were unrelated to the feed-born BSE epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Serra
- Division of Neurological Sciences, NeuroCenter, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Dudas
- Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - J M Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Anderson
- Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, NeuroCenter, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J C Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Czub
- Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - T Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, NeuroCenter, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Minor KM, Letko A, Becker D, Drögemüller M, Mandigers PJJ, Bellekom SR, Leegwater PAJ, Stassen QEM, Putschbach K, Fischer A, Flegel T, Matiasek K, Ekenstedt KJ, Furrow E, Patterson EE, Platt SR, Kelly PA, Cassidy JP, Shelton GD, Lucot K, Bannasch DL, Martineau H, Muir CF, Priestnall SL, Henke D, Oevermann A, Jagannathan V, Mickelson JR, Drögemüller C. Canine NAPEPLD-associated models of human myelin disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5818. [PMID: 29643404 PMCID: PMC5895582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leukoencephalomyelopathy (LEMP) is a juvenile-onset neurodegenerative disorder of the CNS white matter currently described in Rottweiler and Leonberger dogs. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) allowed us to map LEMP in a Leonberger cohort to dog chromosome 18. Subsequent whole genome re-sequencing of a Leonberger case enabled the identification of a single private homozygous non-synonymous missense variant located in the highly conserved metallo-beta-lactamase domain of the N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPEPLD) gene, encoding an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system. We then sequenced this gene in LEMP-affected Rottweilers and identified a different frameshift variant, which is predicted to replace the C-terminal metallo-beta-lactamase domain of the wild type protein. Haplotype analysis of SNP array genotypes revealed that the frameshift variant was present in diverse haplotypes in Rottweilers, and also in Great Danes, indicating an old origin of this second NAPEPLD variant. The identification of different NAPEPLD variants in dog breeds affected by leukoencephalopathies with heterogeneous pathological features, implicates the NAPEPLD enzyme as important in myelin homeostasis, and suggests a novel candidate gene for myelination disorders in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - A Letko
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - D Becker
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - M Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - P J J Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - S R Bellekom
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - Q E M Stassen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, CM, The Netherlands
| | - K Putschbach
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - A Fischer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - T Flegel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - K Matiasek
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - K J Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - E Furrow
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - E E Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - S R Platt
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P A Kelly
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - J P Cassidy
- Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K Lucot
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H Martineau
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C F Muir
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Henke
- Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - J R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.
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9
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Högler S, Mauri N, Kleiter M, Leschnik M, Oevermann A, Henke D, Dietschi E, Wiedmer M, Dietrich J, Steffen F, Schuller S, Gurtner C, Stokar-Regenscheit N, O'Toole D, Bilzer T, Herden C, Jagannathan V, Leeb T. Genetic Variants in Kcnj10 and Atp1b2 in Malinois Puppies with Spongy Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia. J Comp Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Züger L, Fadda A, Oevermann A, Forterre F, Vandevelde M, Henke D. Differences in Epidural Pathology between Cervical and Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusions in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:305-313. [PMID: 29194770 PMCID: PMC5787202 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the basic pathophysiology is the same in both cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusions, there are considerable clinical differences that have only been partially explained. Hypothesis/Objectives The epidural inflammatory response differs between cervical and thoracolumbar IVD extrusions. Animals Fifty‐five dogs with cervical and 80 dogs with thoracolumbar IVD extrusions. Methods Clinical data and histopathologic variables were investigated. Associations between severity of epidural inflammation and clinical and pathologic variables, impact of chondrodystrophic phenotype, and localization (cervical versus thoracolumbar) were evaluated statistically. Results Dogs with cervical IVD extrusion were significantly older (P < 0.001), had less severe and longer duration of neurologic signs (both P < 0.001), were more painful (P = 0.038), and had a better outcome (P = 0.005) than dogs with a thoracolumbar IVD extrusion. On histopathology, cervical epidural material had less severe calcification (P = 0.002) and inflammation (P < 0.001). No significant differences regarding chondrodystrophic phenotype were found. Conclusion and Clinical Importance There was significantly less intensive inflammatory response in the cervical epidural space. This observation correlated positively with less nucleus pulposus calcification in cervical extrusions indicating biochemical, metabolic, and biomechanical differences between the 2 locations, which remain to be characterized in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Züger
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Fadda
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Forterre
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Vandevelde
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Henke
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Rigillo A, Brunetti B, Oevermann A. Neuropathological Phenotype of L. monocytogenes Lineage I and II Infections. J Comp Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Ricklin M, Garcıa-Nicolas O, Brechbühl D, Python S, Zumkehr B, Nougairede A, Charrel R, Posthaus H, Oevermann A, Summerfield A. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Tropism and Vector-free Transmission in Experimentally Infected Pigs. J Comp Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Fadda A, Bärtschi M, Hemphill A, Widmer HR, Zurbriggen A, Perona P, Vidondo B, Oevermann A. Primary Postnatal Dorsal Root Ganglion Culture from Conventionally Slaughtered Calves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168228. [PMID: 27936156 PMCID: PMC5148591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders in ruminants have an important impact on veterinary health, but very few host-specific in vitro models have been established to study diseases affecting the nervous system. Here we describe a primary neuronal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) culture derived from calves after being conventionally slaughtered for food consumption. The study focuses on the in vitro characterization of bovine DRG cell populations by immunofluorescence analysis. The effects of various growth factors on neuron viability, neurite outgrowth and arborisation were evaluated by morphological analysis. Bovine DRG neurons are able to survive for more than 4 weeks in culture. GF supplementation is not required for neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth. However, exogenously added growth factors promote neurite outgrowth. DRG cultures from regularly slaughtered calves represent a promising and sustainable host specific model for the investigation of pain and neurological diseases in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fadda
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Bärtschi
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hemphill
- Institute for Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. R. Widmer
- Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Zurbriggen
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Perona
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - B. Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute (VPHI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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14
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Mayer D, Oevermann A, Seuberlich T, Vandevelde M, Casanova-Nakayama A, Selimovic-Hamza S, Forterre F, Henke D. Endothelin-1 Immunoreactivity and its Association with Intramedullary Hemorrhage and Myelomalacia in Naturally Occurring Disk Extrusion in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1099-111. [PMID: 27353293 PMCID: PMC5094511 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of ascending/descending myelomalacia (ADMM) after canine intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusion remains poorly understood. Vasoactive molecules might contribute. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the immunoreactivity of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in the uninjured and injured spinal cord of dogs and its potential association with intramedullary hemorrhage and extension of myelomalacia. Animals Eleven normal control and 34 dogs with thoracolumbar IVD extrusion. Methods Spinal cord tissue of dogs retrospectively selected from our histopathologic database was examined histologically at the level of the extrusion (center) and in segments remote from the center. Endothelin‐1 immunoreactivity was examined immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridization. Associations between the immunoreactivity for ET‐1 and the severity of intramedullary hemorrhage or the extension of myelomalacia were examined. Results Endothelin‐1 was expressed by astrocytes, macrophages, and neurons and only rarely by endothelial cells in all dogs. At the center, ET‐1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in astrocytes (median score 4.02) and lower in neurons (3.21) than in control dogs (3.0 and 4.54) (P < .001; P = .004) irrespective of the grade of hemorrhage or myelomalacia. In both astrocytes and neurons, there was a higher ET‐1 immunoreactivity in spinal cord regions remote from the center (4.58 and 4.15) than in the center itself (P = .013; P = .001). ET‐1 mRNA was present in nearly all neurons with variable intensity, but not in astrocytes. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Enhanced ET‐1 immunoreactivity over multiple spinal cord segments after IVD extrusion might play a role in the pathogenesis of ADMM. More effective quantitative techniques are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mayer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Vandevelde
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Casanova-Nakayama
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Selimovic-Hamza
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Forterre
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Henke
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Primary renal tumors are rare neoplasms in nonhuman primates. This report describes a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) in a 14.5-year-old female ringtail lemur. The well-demarcated, solid, and cystic mass was located in the pelvis of the left kidney and consisted histologically of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The mesenchymal cells were arranged in fascicles around cysts lined by a well-differentiated epithelium. Neither the mesenchymal nor the epithelial parts showed significant nuclear atypia or mitotic figures. To our knowledge, only 1 similar case, classified as adenoleiomyofibromatous hamartoma, has been reported in a ringtail lemur. In humans this tumor affects predominantly perimenopausal women and can express estrogen and progesterone receptors. However, neither estrogen nor progesterone receptors could be identified by immunohistochemistry in the tumor of the present ringtail lemur. Therefore, a hormonal mechanism could not be demonstrated in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muller
- Institute for Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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16
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Mock T, Mehinagic K, Menzi F, Studer E, Oevermann A, Stoffel MH, Drögemüller C, Meylan M, Regenscheit N. Clinicopathological Phenotype of Autosomal Recessive Cholesterol Deficiency in Holstein Cattle. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1369-75. [PMID: 27279263 PMCID: PMC5089636 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol deficiency (CD), a newly identified autosomal recessive genetic defect in Holstein cattle, is associated with clinical signs of diarrhea, failure to thrive, and hypocholesterolemia. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objective is to describe the clinicopathological phenotype of affected Holstein cattle homozygous for the causative apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) mutation. ANIMALS Six Holstein cattle, 5 calves with a clinical history of chronic diarrhea, and 1 heifer with erosions in the buccal cavity and neurologic symptoms were admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants. METHODS This case review included a full clinical examination, a complete blood count, blood chemistry, and measurements of cholesterol and triglycerides. The animals were euthanized and necropsied. A PCR-based direct gene test was applied to determine the APOB genotype. RESULTS All 6 animals were inbred, could be traced back to the sire Maughlin Storm, and were confirmed homozygous for the APOB mutation. The clinical phenotype included poor development, underweight, and intermittent diarrhea in the calves, and neurologic signs in the heifer included hypermetria and pacing. Hypocholesterolemia and low triglycerides concentrations were present in all animals. The pathological phenotype of all animals was steatorrhea with enterocytes of the small intestine containing intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles. The peripheral nervous system of the heifer displayed degenerative changes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Suspicion of CD in Holstein cattle is based on the presence of chronic diarrhea with no evidence of primary infections. Confirmation of the associated APOB gene mutation is needed. Additionally, the heifer demonstrated primarily signs of neurologic disease providing an unexpected phenotype of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mock
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Mehinagic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Menzi
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Studer
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Meylan
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Regenscheit
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Fadda A, Vajtai I, Lang J, Henke D, Oevermann A. Cerebral high-grade oligodendroglioma with sarcomatous transdifferentiation ("oligosarcoma") in a boxer dog. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 28:1881-5. [PMID: 25410956 PMCID: PMC4895619 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Fadda
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
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Walland J, Lauper J, Frey J, Imhof R, Stephan R, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes infection in ruminants: Is there a link to the environment, food and human health? A review. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 157:319-28. [PMID: 26753347 DOI: 10.17236/sat00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review provides an overview of listeriosis in ruminants and discusses our insufficient understanding of reservoirs and possible cycling ofL. monocytogenes between animal and human hosts, food and the environment. It indicates gaps in our knowledge of the role of genetic subtypes in L. monocytogenes ecology and virulence as well as risk factors, in vivo diagnostics and pathogenesis of listeriosis in ruminants. Filling these gaps will contribute to improving the control of L. monocytogenes and enhancing disease prevention. As the prevalence of listeriosis in ruminants in Switzerland is likely to be underestimated, propositions concerning improvement options for surveillance of listeriosis in ruminants are provided.
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Muscatello L, Avallone G, Serra-Herangi F, Seuberlich T, Mandara M, Siso S, Brunetti B, Oevermann A. Glomeruloid Microvascular Proliferation and Expression of Angiogenesis-Stimulating Growth Factors in Canine Choroid Plexus Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Syrjä P, Jokinen T, Kyöstilä K, Hultin-Jäderlund K, Cozzi F, Rhodin C, Hahn K, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W, Henke D, Oevermann A, Sukura A, Leeb T, Lohi H. Histopathological Findings in Lagotto Romagnolo Dogs with a Missense Change in the Autophagy-Related Atg4d Gene. J Comp Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Dreyer M, Thomann A, Böttcher S, Frey J, Oevermann A. Outbreak investigation identifies a single Listeria monocytogenes strain in sheep with different clinical manifestations, soil and water. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:69-75. [PMID: 25726302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes causes orally acquired infections and is of major importance in ruminants. Little is known about L. monocytogenes transmission between farm environment and ruminants. In order to determine potential sources of infection, we investigated the distribution of L. monocytogenes genetic subtypes in a sheep farm during a listeriosis outbreak by applying four subtyping methods (MALDI-TOF-MS, MLST, MLVA and PFGE). L. monocytogenes was isolated from a lamb with septicemia and from the brainstem of three sheep with encephalitis. Samples from the farm environment were screened for the presence of L. monocytogenes during the listeriosis outbreak, four weeks and eight months after. L. monocytogenes was found only in soil and water tank swabs during the outbreak. Four weeks later, following thorough cleaning of the barn, as well as eight months later, L. monocytogenes was absent in environmental samples. All environmental and clinical L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be the same strain. Our results show that the outbreak involving two different clinical syndromes was caused by a single L. monocytogenes strain and that soil and water tanks were potential infection sources during this outbreak. However, silage cannot be completely ruled out as the bales fed prior to the outbreak were not available for analysis. Faeces samples were negative, suggesting that sheep did not act as amplification hosts contributing to environmental contamination. In conclusion, farm management appears to be a crucial factor for the limitation of a listeriosis outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dreyer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A Thomann
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - S Böttcher
- Labor-Zentral, Geuensee, CH-6232, Switzerland
| | - J Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - A Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland.
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Henke D, Rupp S, Gaschen V, Stoffel M, Vandevelde M, Oevermann A. Intracerebral Spread of Listeria monocytogenes in Ruminants Occurs by Intra-axonal Motility. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The present article gives a survey over the current scientific knowledge of the canine neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL). NCL is a heterogenous group of lysosomal storage diseases in humans and animals. In consequence of a gene mutation, there is an accumulation of ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons, cells of the retina and the skin and other cells. The stored ceroid-lipofuscin in neurons leads to an impaired cell function and subsequently to cell death. Recently, the underlying genetic defect was discovered in several dog breeds. Genetic testing permits an ante mortem diagnosis of the disease, which up to now was only possible with a positive biopsy result. Another advantage is the identification of carrier animals to eliminate the deleterious alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karli
- Departement für klinische Veterinärmedizin, Abteilung für neurologische Wissenschaften, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Bern
| | - A Karol
- Institut für Veterinärpathologie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - A Oevermann
- DCR-VPH, Abteilung für neurologische Wissenschaften
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institut für Genetik, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Bern
| | - D Gorgas
- Departement für klinische Veterinärmedizin, Abteilung für Radiologie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Bern
| | - D Henke
- Departement für klinische Veterinärmedizin, Abteilung für neurologische Wissenschaften, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Bern
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Abstract
This case report describes 3 kittens with suspected doramectin toxicity. In a litter of 7 kittens treated with doramectin, 3 developed neurological symptoms. One kitten showed mild apathy and tremors, while a second one additionally presented behavioral changes and seizures that had to be treated with diazepam. Both kittens recovered completely. A third kitten was presented to us in coma 3 days following treatment with doramectin. Subsequently, this kitten developed behavioral changes such as aggression, hyperesthesia, tremors, and seizures and died 36 hours after presentation. Histopathologic examination of the brain showed cytotoxic edema and polioencephalomalacia. The doramectin dosage of the deceased kitten was 380 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nentwig
- Departement für klinische Veterinärmedizin der Universität Bern
| | - A Oevermann
- Departement für klinische Forschung und Veterinary Public Health der Universität Bern
| | - I A Burgener
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig
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25
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Romanucci M, Berardi I, Ciccarelli A, Bongiovanni L, Malatesta D, Oevermann A, Della Salda L. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Heat Shock Protein Expression in Normal Canine Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:216-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Fadda A, Oevermann A, Vandevelde M, Doherr MG, Forterre F, Henke D. Clinical and pathological analysis of epidural inflammation in intervertebral disk extrusion in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:924-34. [PMID: 23647367 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the pathologic changes in the epidural space after intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusion in the dog. OBJECTIVES To analyze the pathology of the epidural inflammatory response, and to search for correlations between this process and clinical findings. METHODS Clinical data from 105 chondrodystrophic (CD) and nonchondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs with IVD extrusion were recorded. Epidural material from these dogs was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Using statistical analysis, we searched for correlations between severity of epidural inflammation and various clinical and pathologic variables. RESULTS Most dogs exhibited an epidural inflammatory response, ranging from acute invasion of neutrophils to formation of chronic granulation tissue. The mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates consisted mostly of monocytes and macrophages and only few T and B cells. Surprisingly, chronic inflammatory patterns also were found in animals with an acute clinical history. Severity of the epidural inflammation correlated with degree of the epidural hemorrhage and nucleus pulposus calcification (P = .003 and .040), but not with age, chondrodystrophic phenotype, neurologic grade, back pain, pretreatment, or duration. The degree of inflammation was statistically (P = .021) inversely correlated with the ability to regain ambulation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Epidural inflammation occurs in the majority of dogs with IVD extrusion and may develop long before the onset of clinical signs. Presence of calcified IVD material and hemorrhage in the epidural space may be the triggers of this lesion rather than an adaptive immune response to the nucleus pulposus as suggested in previous studies. Because epidural inflammation may affect outcome, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fadda
- Division of Neurological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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27
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Niederberger M, Oevermann A, Kirscher F, Meylan M. Tremorgenes Syndrom in einem Rinderbestand nach Verfütterung einer mit A. clavatus befallenen Silage. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2013; 153:105-10. [DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Jeuring R, Van Driessche K, Bosseler L, De Vries C, Vanhaesebrouck A, Gielen I, Oevermann A, Chiers K. Intracranial oligodendroglioma with optic nerve infiltration in a Labrador retriever. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2012. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v81i5.18329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A seven-year-old neutered male Labrador retriever was presented with behavioral changes and reduced vision. Neurological examination revealed blindness of the left eye with a positive pupillary light reflex and a decreased mental status. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed no abnormalities. MRI revealed a deviant area located in the thalamic, hypothalamic and caudate nuclear regions. Invasion of the left optic nerve was also observed. The dog was euthanized after 38 days of palliative treatment. Necropsy showed a non-encapsulated extruding white lardaceous mass, with a diameter of 2 cm, in the white matter, located in the ventral thalamic region near the chiasma opticum, which extended along the left optic nerve. Histologically, neoplastic cells had a “fried egg” appearance. Immunolabelling for glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated the presence of numerous reactive astrocytes. The tumor was diagnosed as a low grade (II) intracranial oligodendroglioma with infiltration of the optic nerve.
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Flegel T, Oevermann A, Oechtering G, Matiasek K. Diagnostic yield and adverse effects of MRI-guided free-hand brain biopsies through a mini-burr hole in dogs with encephalitis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:969-76. [PMID: 22708694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of encephalitis is usually presumptive based on MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or both. A definitive diagnosis based on histopathology, however, is required for optimizing treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic yield and adverse effects of minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs with encephalitis. ANIMALS Seventeen dogs with suspected encephalitis, based on MR imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. METHODS Retrospective study. Minimally invasive, free-hand brain biopsy specimens were taken from forebrain lesions through a 4-mm burr hole using a Sedan side-cutting needle. Routine histopathological examination was performed. The adverse effects were assessed by MRI evaluations after biopsy procedure (12/17) and by sequential neurological examinations. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield with regard to a specific type of encephalitis was 82%. Encephalitis was evident in an additional 12%, but a specific disease could not be determined. There were no deaths caused by the biopsy procedure itself, but the indirect case fatality rate was 6%. Morbidity was 29%, including stupor, seizures, tetraparesis, hemiparesis, ataxia, and loss of conscious proprioception. All these signs resolved within 3-14 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Minimally invasive brain biopsy in dogs with suspected encephalitis leads to a definite diagnosis in the majority of dogs, allowing for a specific treatment. The advantages of a definite diagnosis outweigh potential case fatality rate and temporary neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Flegel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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30
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Origgi FC, Plattet P, Sattler U, Robert N, Casaubon J, Mavrot F, Pewsner M, Wu N, Giovannini S, Oevermann A, Stoffel MH, Gaschen V, Segner H, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Emergence of Canine Distemper Virus Strains With Modified Molecular Signature and Enhanced Neuronal Tropism Leading to High Mortality in Wild Carnivores. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:913-29. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812436743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An ongoing canine distemper epidemic was first detected in Switzerland in the spring of 2009. Compared to previous local canine distemper outbreaks, it was characterized by unusually high morbidity and mortality, rapid spread over the country, and susceptibility of several wild carnivore species. Here, the authors describe the associated pathologic changes and phylogenetic and biological features of a multiple highly virulent canine distemper virus (CDV) strain detected in and/or isolated from red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes), Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles), stone ( Martes foina) and pine ( Martes martes) martens, from a Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx), and a domestic dog. The main lesions included interstitial to bronchointerstitial pneumonia and meningopolioencephalitis, whereas demyelination—the classic presentation of CDV infection—was observed in few cases only. In the brain lesions, viral inclusions were mainly in the nuclei of the neurons. Some significant differences in brain and lung lesions were observed between foxes and mustelids. Swiss CDV isolates shared together with a Hungarian CDV strain detected in 2004. In vitro analysis of the hemagglutinin protein from one of the Swiss CDV strains revealed functional and structural differences from that of the reference strain A75/17, with the Swiss strain showing increased surface expression and binding efficiency to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). These features might be part of a novel molecular signature, which might have contributed to an increase in virus pathogenicity, partially explaining the high morbidity and mortality, the rapid spread, and the large host spectrum observed in this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Origgi
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Plattet
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U. Sattler
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N. Robert
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Casaubon
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F. Mavrot
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Pewsner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N. Wu
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Giovannini
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Oevermann
- Neurocenter-DCR-VPH, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. H. Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - V. Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Madarame H, Seuberlich T, Abril C, Zurbriggen A, Vandevelde M, Oevermann A. The distribution of E-cadherin expression in listeric rhombencephalitis of ruminants indicates its involvement in Listeria monocytogenes neuroinvasion. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 37:753-67. [PMID: 21486315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of E-cadherin, a major host cell receptor for Listeria monocytogenes (LM) internalin A, in the ruminant nervous system and its putative role in brainstem invasion and intracerebral spread of LM in the natural disease. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence was performed on brains, cranial nerves and ganglia of ruminants with and without natural LM rhombencephalitis using antibodies against E-cadherin, protein gene product 9.5, myelin-associated glycoprotein and LM. RESULTS In the ruminant brain, E-cadherin is expressed in choroid plexus epithelium, meningothelium and restricted neuropil areas of the medulla, but not in the endothelium. In cranial nerves and ganglia, E-cadherin is expressed in satellite cells and myelinating Schwann cells. Expression does not differ between ruminants with or without listeriosis and does not overlap with the presence of microabscesses in the medulla. LM is observed in phagocytes, axons, Schwann cells, satellite cells and ganglionic neurones. CONCLUSION Our results support the view that the specific ligand-receptor interaction between LM and host E-cadherin is involved in the neuropathogenesis of ruminant listeriosis. They suggest that oral epithelium and Schwann cells expressing E-cadherin provide a port of entry for free bacteria offering a site of primary intracellular replication, from where the bacterium may invade the axonal compartment by cell-to-cell spread. As E-cadherin expression in the ruminant central nervous system is weak, only very locally restricted and not related to the presence of microabscesses, it is likely that further intracerebral spread is independent of E-cadherin and relies primarily on axonal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Madarame
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Henke D, Vandevelde M, Stoffel M, Zurbriggen A, Oevermann A. Intracerebral Spread of Listeria monocytogenes along Axons in Rhombencephalitis of Ruminants. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Madarame H, Seuberlich T, Abril C, Zurbriggen A, Vandevelde M, Oevermann A. E-cadherin Expressing Schwann Cells Offer a Portal of Entry for Listeria monocytogenes Neuroinvasion in Ruminant Rhombencephalitis. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Guldimann C, Zurbriggen A, Lejeune B, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A. Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures as a Tool for the Investigation of Listeriosis in Ruminants. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Posthaus H, Bodmer T, Alves L, Oevermann A, Schiller I, Rhodes S, Zimmerli S. Accidental infection of veterinary personnel with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at necropsy: A case study. Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are both prion diseases affecting ruminants, and these diseases do not share the same public health concerns. Surveillance of the BSE agent in small ruminants has been a great challenge, and the recent identification of diverse prion diseases in ruminants has led to the development of new methods for strain typing. In our study, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we assessed the distribution of PrP(d) in the brains of 2 experimentally BSE-infected sheep with the ARQ/ARQ genotype. Distribution of PrP(d) in the brain, from the spinal cord to the frontal cortex, was remarkably similar in the 2 sheep despite different inoculation routes and incubation periods. Comparatively, overall PrP(d) brain distribution, evaluated by IHC, in 19 scrapie cases with the ARQ/ARQ, ARQ/VRQ, and VRQ/VRQ genotypes, in some cases showed similarities to the experimentally BSE-infected sheep. There was no exclusive neuroanatomical site with a characteristic and specific PrP(d) type of accumulation induced by the BSE agent. However, a detailed analysis of the topography, types, and intensity of PrP(d) deposits in the frontal cortex, striatum, piriform cortex, hippocampus, mesencephalon, and cerebellum allowed the BSE-affected sheep group to be distinguished from the 19 scrapie cases analyzed in our study. These results strengthen and emphasize the potential interest of PrP(d) brain mapping to help in identifying prion strains in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lezmi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Lyon, France
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Syring C, Drögemüller C, Oevermann A, Pfister P, Henke D, Müller S, Sölkner J, Leeb T, Meylan M. Degenerative axonopathy in a Tyrolean grey calf. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:1519-23. [PMID: 21039865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Syring
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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De Conto C, Oevermann A, Burgener IA, Doherr MG, Blum JW. Gastrointestinal tract mucosal histomorphometry and epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in neonatal and adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2255-64. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Raith K, Müntener T, Vandevelde M, Oevermann A. Encephalomyelitis resembling human and ruminant rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a feline leukemia virus-infected cat. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:983-5. [PMID: 20412434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Raith
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bouzalas IG, Dovas CI, Banos G, Papanastasopoulou M, Kritas S, Oevermann A, Papakostaki D, Evangelia C, Papadopoulos O, Seuberlich T, Koptopoulos G. Caprine PRNP polymorphisms at codons 171, 211, 222 and 240 in a Greek herd and their association with classical scrapie. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1629-34. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.017350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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41
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Gutzwiller A, Bee G, Zimmermann W, Oevermann A, Wyss-Fluehmann G, Räber M, Geyer H, Braunschweig MH. Neurological signs in pigs supplemented orally with pharmacological amounts of B vitamins from one to 10 months of age. Vet Rec 2010; 165:598-9. [PMID: 19915192 DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.20.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gutzwiller
- Federal Research Station for Animal Production, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Switzerland.
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Abstract
An 18-month-old European shorthair cat was presented with a two week history of progressive decrease in consciousness, ambulatory tetraparesis, moderate ataxia and generalised decreased-to-absent postural reactions. Bilateral facial and nasal hypalgesia, absent menace response and anisocoria were found, and segmental spinal reflexes were normal. Neurological signs progressed to nonambulatory tetraparesis, tremor and spinal hyperalgesia. Histopathological examination revealed a mild-to-moderate lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltration, predominantly in the dorsal spinal roots, cranial nerves and ganglia in association with marked demyelination and proliferation of Schwann cells. Neurons and axons were preserved. Lesions were multi-focal and varied in severity. A predominantly sensory polyganglioradiculoneuritis was diagnosed. This lesion has not been reported previously in cats. Rabies, herpesviruses, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus, Toxoplasma gondii and feline leukaemia virus were excluded as possible aetiologies. Infections by other viruses or an autoimmune disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Henke
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Henke D, Vandevelde M, Gorgas D, Lang J, Oevermann A. Eosinophilic Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis in 2 Young Belgian Tervueren Shepherd Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:206-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
An 11-week-old, male, Staffordshire Bull Terrier had a history of generalized ataxia and falling since birth. The neurologic findings suggested a localization in the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed. In all sequences the area of the cerebellum was almost replaced by fluid isointense to cerebrospinal fluid. A complete necropsy was performed after euthanasia. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by extensive loss of cerebellar tissue in both hemispheres and vermis. Toward the surface of the cerebellar defect, the cavity was confined by ruptured and folded membranes consisting of a layer of glial fibrillary acidic (GFAP)-positive glial cells covered multifocally by epithelial cells. Some of these cells bore apical cilia and were cytokeratin and GFAP negative, supporting their ependymal origin. The histopathologic features of our case are consistent with the diagnosis of an ependymal cyst. Its glial and ependymal nature as demonstrated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination differs from arachnoid cysts, which have also been reported in dogs. The origin of these cysts remains controversial, but it has been suggested that they develop during embryogenesis subsequent to sequestration of developing neuroectoderm. We speculate that the cyst could have been the result of a pre- or perinatal, possibly traumatic, insult because hemorrhage, and tissue destruction had occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an ependymal cyst in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Wyss-Fluehmann
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology
| | - M. Konar
- Division of Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty-Bern, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - A. Jaggy
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology
| | - M. Vandevelde
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology
| | - A. Oevermann
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology
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Kaufmann C, Keller C, Oevermann A, Steiner A, Hirsbrunner G. Spontaneous contractility of bovine myometrium in vitro depending on topography and cycle phase. Theriogenology 2008; 70:880-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oevermann
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Animal Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty-Bern, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
This case report describes the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related, and pathologic features of a nasal acinic cell carcinoma in a cat. A 16-year-old, castrated male, oriental shorthaired cat, weighing 3.8 kg, was presented with history of sneezing, coughing, and nasal discharge persisting several months. Evaluation by MRI revealed an heterogeneous, space-occupying lesion that filled the left nasal cavity and was diagnosed by histopathologic examination as an acinic cell carcinoma arising from a minor salivary gland of the nasal cavity. Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare tumor in veterinary medicine. The tumor is composed mainly of cells resembling serous cells of salivary glands and originates from major or minor salivary glands. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the occurrence of acinic cell carcinoma in the sinonasal tract and include the tumor in the differential diagnosis of feline nasal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Psalla
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Kaufmann C, Brechbühl M, Oevermann A, Müller S, Zimmer K, Schönmann M, Leroux C, Weibel D, Bertoni G. [Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in a dairy sheep flock]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2008; 150:297-302. [PMID: 18605021 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.150.6.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a herd of dairy sheep several losses occurred due to a respiratory syndrome in combination with progressive wasting. Clinical and pathomorphological diagnostics of 3 sheep revealed the presence of cancerous masses in the nasal cavities. These neoplasms were identified as adenocarcinomas originating from the nasal mucosa. Etiologically, they were attributed to JRSV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) by detection of capsid protein 24 in western blot. The significance of the disease in Switzerland is discussed, also in the context of lung adenomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kaufmann
- Wiederkäuerklinik, Abteilung klinische Forschung der Universität Bern, Bern.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martig
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122-128, Postfach, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
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