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Johnson B, Sankara Raman A, Narla A, Jhulki S, Chen L, Marder SR, Ramprasad R, Turcheniuk K, Yushin G. Polyphosphazene-Based Anion-Anchored Polymer Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Omega 2024; 9:15410-15420. [PMID: 38585116 PMCID: PMC10993324 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Safety concerns of traditional liquid electrolytes, especially when paired with lithium (Li) metal anodes, have stimulated research of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) to exploit the superior thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. Polyphosphazenes are primarily known for their use as flame retardant materials and have demonstrated high Li-ion conductivity owing to their highly flexible P = N backbone which promotes Li-ion conduction via inter- and intrachain hopping along the polymer backbone. While polyphosphazenes are largely unexplored as SPEs in the literature, a few existing examples showed promising ionic conductivity. By anchoring the anion to the polymer backbone, one may primarily allow the movement of Li ions, alleviating the detrimental effects of polarization that are common in conventional dual-ion conducting SPEs. Anion-anchored SPEs, known as single Li-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLiC-SPEs), exhibit high Li-ion transference numbers (tLi+), which limits Li dendrite growth, thus further increasing the safety of SPEs. However, previously reported SLiC-SPEs suffer from inadequate ionic conductivity, small electrochemical stability windows (ESWs), and limited cycling stability. Herein, we report three polyphosphazene-based SLiC-SPEs comprising lithiated polyphosphazenes. The SLiC polyphosphazenes were prepared through a facile synthesis route, opening the door for enhanced tunability of polymer properties via facile macromolecular nucleophilic substitution and subsequent lithiation. State-of-the-art characterization techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) were employed to probe the effect of the polymer structure on Li-ion dynamics and other electrochemical properties. Produced SPEs showed thermal stability up to ∼208 °C with ionic conductivities comparable to that of the best-reported SLiC-SPEs that definitively comprise no solvents or plasticizers. Among the three lithiated polyphosphazenes, the SPE containing dilithium poly[bis(trifluoroethylamino)phosphazene] (pTFAP2Li) exhibited the most promising electrochemical characteristics with tLi+ of 0.76 and compatibility with both Li metal anodes and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes; through 40 cycles at 100 °C, the PEO-pTFAP2Li blend showed 81.2% capacity utilization and 86.8% capacity retention. This work constitutes one of the first successful demonstrations of the cycling performance of a true all-solid-state Li-metal battery using SLiC polyphosphazene SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy
R. Johnson
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ashwin Sankara Raman
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Aashray Narla
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samik Jhulki
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lihua Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kostia Turcheniuk
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Narla A, Fu W, Kulaksizoglu A, Kume A, Johnson BR, Raman AS, Wang F, Magasinski A, Kim D, Kousa M, Xiao Y, Jhulki S, Turcheniuk K, Yushin G. Nanodiamond-Enhanced Nanofiber Separators for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37364171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Current lithium-ion battery separators made from polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene generally suffer from low porosity, low wettability, and slow ionic conductivity and tend to perform poorly against heat-triggering reactions that may cause potentially catastrophic issues, such as fire. To overcome these limitations, here we report that a porous composite membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanofibers functionalized with nanodiamonds (NDs) can realize a thermally resistant, mechanically robust, and ionically conductive separator. We critically reveal the role of NDs in the polymer matrix of the membrane to improve the thermal, mechanical, crystalline, and electrochemical properties of the composites. Taking advantages of these characteristics, the ND-functionalized nanofiber separator enables high-capacity and stable cycling of lithium cells with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) as the cathode, much superior to those using conventional polyolefin separators in otherwise identical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashray Narla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wenbin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Sila Nanotechnologies Inc., Alameda, California 94501, United States
| | - Alp Kulaksizoglu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Atsushi Kume
- Daicel Corporation, 1239, Shinzaike, Aboshi-ku, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Billy R Johnson
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ashwin Sankara Raman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fujia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandre Magasinski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Doyoub Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mohammed Kousa
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yiran Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samik Jhulki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Sila Nanotechnologies Inc., Alameda, California 94501, United States
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Sila Nanotechnologies Inc., Alameda, California 94501, United States
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Sila Nanotechnologies Inc., Alameda, California 94501, United States
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Xiao Y, Turcheniuk K, Narla A, Song AY, Ren X, Magasinski A, Jain A, Huang S, Lee H, Yushin G. Electrolyte melt infiltration for scalable manufacturing of inorganic all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Nat Mater 2021; 20:984-990. [PMID: 33686276 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium (Li) metal and lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) with inorganic solid-state electrolytes offer improved safety for electric vehicles and other applications. However, current inorganic ASSLB manufacturing technology suffers from high cost, excessive amounts of solid-state electrolyte and conductive additives, and low attainable volumetric energy density. Such a fabrication method involves separate fabrications of sintered ceramic solid-state electrolyte membranes and ASSLB electrodes, which are then carefully stacked and sintered together in a precisely controlled environment. Here we report a disruptive manufacturing technology that offers reduced manufacturing costs and improved volumetric energy density in all solid cells. Our approach mimics the low-cost fabrication of commercial Li-ion cells with liquid electrolytes, except that we utilize solid-state electrolytes with low melting points that are infiltrated into dense, thermally stable electrodes at moderately elevated temperatures (~300 °C or below) in a liquid state, and which then solidify during cooling. Nearly the same commercial equipment could be used for electrode and cell manufacturing, which substantially reduces a barrier for industry adoption. This energy-efficient method was used to fabricate inorganic ASSLBs with LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 cathodes and both Li4Ti5O12 and graphite anodes. The promising performance characteristics of such cells open new opportunities for the accelerated adoption of ASSLBs for safer electric transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aashray Narla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ah-Young Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Alexandre Magasinski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ayush Jain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shirley Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haewon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Wilkes MC, Siva K, Chen J, Varetti G, Youn MY, Chae H, Ek F, Olsson R, Lundbäck T, Dever DP, Nishimura T, Narla A, Glader B, Nakauchi H, Porteus MH, Repellin CE, Gazda HT, Lin S, Serrano M, Flygare J, Sakamoto KM. Diamond Blackfan anemia is mediated by hyperactive Nemo-like kinase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3344. [PMID: 32620751 PMCID: PMC7334220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutations that lead to ribosomal insufficiency. DBA is characterized by anemia, congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. Treatment for DBA is associated with significant morbidity. Here, we report the identification of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a potential target for DBA therapy. To identify new DBA targets, we screen for small molecules that increase erythroid expansion in mouse models of DBA. This screen identified a compound that inhibits NLK. Chemical and genetic inhibition of NLK increases erythroid expansion in mouse and human progenitors, including bone marrow cells from DBA patients. In DBA models and patient samples, aberrant NLK activation is initiated at the Megakaryocyte/Erythroid Progenitor (MEP) stage of differentiation and is not observed in non-erythroid hematopoietic lineages or healthy erythroblasts. We propose that NLK mediates aberrant erythropoiesis in DBA and is a potential target for therapy. Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that is associated with anemia. Here, the authors examine the role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in erythroid cells in the pathogenesis of DBA and as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wilkes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - K Siva
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - J Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - G Varetti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Y Youn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - H Chae
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - F Ek
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - R Olsson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - T Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department for Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - T Nishimura
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - A Narla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - B Glader
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - H Nakauchi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - M H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C E Repellin
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H T Gazda
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Development Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - J Flygare
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - K M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Luo S, Turcheniuk K, Song A, Narla A, Kim D, Magasinsky A, Yushin G. Conversion of Mg‐Li Bimetallic Alloys to Magnesium Alkoxide and Magnesium Oxide Ceramic Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunrui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 40044 China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ah‐Young Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Aashray Narla
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Doyoub Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Alexandre Magasinsky
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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6
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Luo S, Turcheniuk K, Song A, Narla A, Kim D, Magasinsky A, Yushin G. Conversion of Mg‐Li Bimetallic Alloys to Magnesium Alkoxide and Magnesium Oxide Ceramic Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:403-408. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunrui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 40044 China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ah‐Young Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Aashray Narla
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Doyoub Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Alexandre Magasinsky
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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7
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Narla A, Rehkopf DH. Novel ranking of protective and risk factors for adolescent adiposity in US females. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:177-186. [PMID: 31019735 PMCID: PMC6469335 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rank the importance of potentially modifiable psychosocial, dietary and environmental risk and protective factors for female adolescent obesity in order to target and inform public health prevention efforts. Utilizing the largest dataset available that captures the onset of the adolescent obesity surge in the USA, the study provides a more robust understanding of paediatric obesity risk factors. METHODS Data were obtained from an observational, longitudinal study conducted between 1989 and 2001, the NHLBI Growth and Health Study. This study includes girls aged 9-19 years from three urban US locations, with Black and White girls generally represented equally. Data were analysed using multiple regression, random forest and propensity score matching to determine the strongest adiposity risk and protective factors during ages 9-12 predicting adiposity at age 19 with multiple methods to maximize the ability to identify possible public health interventions. Multiple linear regression and random forest analysis identified the strongest associations among 288 risk and protective factors selected from the study's literature review. For the 190 factors associated with follow-up adiposity from the data, propensity score matching was used to control for confounding of these factors. RESULTS Findings suggest that highest priority interventional targets across the domains surveyed are lowering specific nutrients; eating meals with others or during activities without skipping; parents fixing evening snacks; improving perceptions of non-extremes as the healthy weight; improving self-worth, physical activity and social competence; and limiting any negative impact of dieting relatives. Similar associations were observed for Black and White girls. CONCLUSION The clinical implications of these findings allow health practitioners to target behavioural change efforts and address social and environmental factors that have demonstrated higher prioritization value for early obesity interventional efforts for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Narla
- Division of Primary Care and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - D. H. Rehkopf
- Division of Primary Care and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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8
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Campagne-Ibarcq P, Zalys-Geller E, Narla A, Shankar S, Reinhold P, Burkhart L, Axline C, Pfaff W, Frunzio L, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH. Deterministic Remote Entanglement of Superconducting Circuits through Microwave Two-Photon Transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:200501. [PMID: 29864347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale quantum information processing networks will most probably require the entanglement of distant systems that do not interact directly. This can be done by performing entangling gates between standing information carriers, used as memories or local computational resources, and flying ones, acting as quantum buses. We report the deterministic entanglement of two remote transmon qubits by Raman stimulated emission and absorption of a traveling photon wave packet. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 73%, well explained by losses in the transmission line and decoherence of each qubit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campagne-Ibarcq
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - E Zalys-Geller
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - A Narla
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - P Reinhold
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - L Burkhart
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Axline
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - W Pfaff
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - L Frunzio
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - R J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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9
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Vool U, Shankar S, Mundhada SO, Ofek N, Narla A, Sliwa K, Zalys-Geller E, Liu Y, Frunzio L, Schoelkopf RJ, Girvin SM, Devoret MH. Continuous Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of the Transverse Component of a Qubit. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:133601. [PMID: 27715126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum jumps of a qubit are usually observed between its energy eigenstates, also known as its longitudinal pseudospin component. Is it possible, instead, to observe quantum jumps between the transverse superpositions of these eigenstates? We answer positively by presenting the first continuous quantum nondemolition measurement of the transverse component of an individual qubit. In a circuit QED system irradiated by two pump tones, we engineer an effective Hamiltonian whose eigenstates are the transverse qubit states, and a dispersive measurement of the corresponding operator. Such transverse component measurements are a useful tool in the driven-dissipative operation engineering toolbox, which is central to quantum simulation and quantum error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Vool
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S O Mundhada
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Ofek
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Narla
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Sliwa
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E Zalys-Geller
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Frunzio
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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10
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Huan J, Hornick NI, Goloviznina NA, Kamimae-Lanning AN, David LL, Wilmarth PA, Mori T, Chevillet JR, Narla A, Roberts CT, Loriaux MM, Chang BH, Kurre P. Coordinate regulation of residual bone marrow function by paracrine trafficking of AML exosomes. Leukemia 2015; 29:2285-95. [PMID: 26108689 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and patient-derived blasts release exosomes that carry RNA and protein; following an in vitro transfer, AML exosomes produce proangiogenic changes in bystander cells. We reasoned that paracrine exosome trafficking may have a broader role in shaping the leukemic niche. In a series of in vitro studies and murine xenografts, we demonstrate that AML exosomes downregulate critical retention factors (Scf, Cxcl12) in stromal cells, leading to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization from the bone marrow. Exosome trafficking also regulates HSPC directly, and we demonstrate declining clonogenicity, loss of CXCR4 and c-Kit expression, and the consistent repression of several hematopoietic transcription factors, including c-Myb, Cebp-β and Hoxa-9. Additional experiments using a model of extramedullary AML or direct intrafemoral injection of purified exosomes reveal that the erosion of HSPC function can occur independent of direct cell-cell contact with leukemia cells. Finally, using a novel multiplex proteomics technique, we identified candidate pathways involved in the direct exosome-mediated modulation of HSPC function. In aggregate, this work suggests that AML exosomes participate in the suppression of residual hematopoietic function that precedes widespread leukemic invasion of the bone marrow directly and indirectly via stromal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N I Hornick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N A Goloviznina
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A N Kamimae-Lanning
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - L L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P A Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Mori
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J R Chevillet
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Narla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C T Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - M M Loriaux
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B H Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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11
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Leghtas Z, Touzard S, Pop IM, Kou A, Vlastakis B, Petrenko A, Sliwa KM, Narla A, Shankar S, Hatridge MJ, Reagor M, Frunzio L, Schoelkopf RJ, Mirrahimi M, Devoret MH. Confining the state of light to a quantum manifold by engineered two-photon loss. Science 2015; 347:853-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Sun L, Petrenko A, Leghtas Z, Vlastakis B, Kirchmair G, Sliwa KM, Narla A, Hatridge M, Shankar S, Blumoff J, Frunzio L, Mirrahimi M, Devoret MH, Schoelkopf RJ. Tracking photon jumps with repeated quantum non-demolition parity measurements. Nature 2014; 511:444-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Shankar S, Hatridge M, Leghtas Z, Sliwa KM, Narla A, Vool U, Girvin SM, Frunzio L, Mirrahimi M, Devoret MH. Autonomously stabilized entanglement between two superconducting quantum bits. Nature 2013; 504:419-22. [PMID: 24270808 DOI: 10.1038/nature12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantum error correction codes are designed to protect an arbitrary state of a multi-qubit register from decoherence-induced errors, but their implementation is an outstanding challenge in the development of large-scale quantum computers. The first step is to stabilize a non-equilibrium state of a simple quantum system, such as a quantum bit (qubit) or a cavity mode, in the presence of decoherence. This has recently been accomplished using measurement-based feedback schemes. The next step is to prepare and stabilize a state of a composite system. Here we demonstrate the stabilization of an entangled Bell state of a quantum register of two superconducting qubits for an arbitrary time. Our result is achieved using an autonomous feedback scheme that combines continuous drives along with a specifically engineered coupling between the two-qubit register and a dissipative reservoir. Similar autonomous feedback techniques have been used for qubit reset, single-qubit state stabilization, and the creation and stabilization of states of multipartite quantum systems. Unlike conventional, measurement-based schemes, the autonomous approach uses engineered dissipation to counteract decoherence, obviating the need for a complicated external feedback loop to correct errors. Instead, the feedback loop is built into the Hamiltonian such that the steady state of the system in the presence of drives and dissipation is a Bell state, an essential building block for quantum information processing. Such autonomous schemes, which are broadly applicable to a variety of physical systems, as demonstrated by the accompanying paper on trapped ion qubits, will be an essential tool for the implementation of quantum error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shankar
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Hatridge
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Z Leghtas
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K M Sliwa
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Narla
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - U Vool
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - L Frunzio
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Mirrahimi
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, BP 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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14
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Vlachos A, Farrar J, Atsidaftos E, Muir E, Narla A, Markello T, Singh S, Blanc L, Landowski M, Gazda H, Liu J, Ellis S, Arceci R, Ebert B, Bodine D, Lipton J. P-083 5q-syndrome or diamond blackfan anemia: The perplexing diagnostic puzzle of red cell aplasia. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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