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Abolhasani M, Mohseni AO, Shakeri R, Khavanin A, Khajehei M, Omidi A, Geramizadeh B, Shafigh E, Naghshvar F, Fathizadeh P, Taghizadehgan L, Gharib A, Gulley ML, Dawsey SM, Malekzadeh R, Rabkin CS, Vasei M. EBV-Associated Gastric Cancer; An In Situ Hybridization Assay on Tissue Microarray: A Multi-Region Study from Four Major Provinces of Iran. Arch Iran Med 2024; 27:191-199. [PMID: 38685845 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The identification of gastric cancer subtypes related to recognizable microbial agents may play a pivotal role in the targeted prevention and treatment of this cancer. The current study is conducted to define the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in gastric cancers of four major provinces, with different incidence rates of gastric cancers, in Iran. METHODS Paraffin blocks of 682 cases of various types of gastric cancer from Tehran, South and North areas of Iran were collected. Twelve tissue microarray (TMA) blocks were constructed from these blocks. Localization of EBV in tumors was assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and clinicopathologic tumor characteristics. RESULTS Fourteen out of 682 cases (2.1%) of gastric adenocarcinoma were EBER-positive. EBER was positive in 8 out of 22 (36.4%) of medullary carcinomas and 6 out of 660 (0.9%) of non-medullary type, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The EBVaGCs were more frequent in younger age (P=0.009) and also showed a trend toward the lower stage of the tumor (P=0.075). CONCLUSION EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinoma has a low prevalence in Iran. This finding can be due to epidemiologic differences in risk factors and exposures, and the low number of gastric medullary carcinomas in the population. It may also be related to gastric tumor heterogeneity not detected with the TMA technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khavanin
- Emergency Medicine Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khajehei
- Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbasali Omidi
- Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Transplantation Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ensieh Shafigh
- Department of Pathology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farshad Naghshvar
- Department of Pathology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Payam Fathizadeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Apadana Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Atoosa Gharib
- Department of Pathology, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Taylor RJ, Omidi A, Rosu M, Maggioncalda E, Weiss E. Effects of Respiratory and Cardiac Motion on Dose to the Left Anterior Descending Artery in Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e64-e65. [PMID: 37785906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiation dose to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) appears to be an independent predictor of major cardiac events and all-cause mortality following radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer. In this study, we characterize the dosimetric effects of respiratory (RM) and cardiac (CM) motion on LAD. MATERIALS/METHODS Ten patients with stage IIIA-IVA lung cancer received cine MRIs (25 phases) at expiration which were used to evaluate the CM, and 4D CT scans for the evaluation of RM. Following registration of the expiration images of 4D CTs with MRIs, RT dose was transferred from planning CT datasets to all phases of 4D CTs and cine MRIs. LAD was manually contoured on all scans. The contours from each 4D phase represent LADs over multiple cardiac cycles, thus they are referred to as cLAD from here on. Displacements and dose variations of cLAD between exhale/inhale on 4D CTs and of LAD between systolic and diastolic phases on cine MRIs were analyzed, and paired t-tests were performed to assess the significance of the differences observed. RESULTS The following metrics are reported averaged over all patients. Clinical treatment planning CT metrics and doses: Mean dose, max dose, V5 Gy and V15 Gy were 15.0 (±11.3) Gy, 31.1 (±22.1) Gy, 53 (±33)%, 35 (±30)%. The cLAD metrics and dose variations due to respiratory motion (between exhale and inhale): RM amplitude was 0.3±0.2cm (RL 0.3 ± 0.1 cm, AP 0.2 ± 0.2 cm, SI 0.3 ± 0.2 cm). The variations in mean dose, max dose, V5 and V15 were 4.0 (±4.0) Gy, 1.6 (±1.5) Gy, 4.4 (±3.4)%, 4.0 (±3.4)%. Mean, max, V5 Gy and V15 Gy increased or remained unchanged with expiration in 8, 9, 5 and 5 patients, respectively. LAD metrics and dose variations due to cardiac motion (between systole and diastole): CM amplitude was 0.2 ± 0.1 cm (RL 0.2 ± 0.1 cm, AP 0.2 ± 0.1 cm, SI 0.3 ± 0.1 cm). The variations in mean dose, max dose, V5 and V15 were 1.7 (±1.4) Gy, 1.2 (±0.9) Gy, 5.2 (± 6.7)%, 4.6 (± 4.0)%. Mean, max, V5 Gy and V15 Gy increased or remained unchanged with diastole in 7, 7, 8 and 8 patients respectively. Statistical significance: The differences in displacement and dose between respiration and cardiac motion were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Respiratory and cardiac-induced physiological variations of the LAD position have dosimetric consequences comparable in magnitude. Expiration and diastole lead to increased LAD doses. This underscores the importance of considering both the respiratory and the cardiac motion when motion management techniques are considered. 4D CTs inherently include the cardiac motion. However, if breath-hold is used for respiratory motion mitigation, CM might not be captured appropriately due to short tube rotation times. In this case, understanding CM characteristics is important for more accurate assessment of LAD dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Taylor
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Richmond, VA
| | - A Omidi
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Richmond, VA
| | - M Rosu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Richmond, VA
| | | | - E Weiss
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Richmond, VA
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Asgari I, Rasooli A, Mohebbi-Fani M, Shekarforoush SS, Hosseinzadeh S, Omidi A, Najafi Tire Shabankare N. Immunological and bacteriological quality of fresh cow colostrum and passive immunity transfer in selected dairy farms in Fars, Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2022; 23:95-103. [PMID: 36118606 PMCID: PMC9441159 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.41453.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The quality of colostrum is affected by IgG level and microbial load. Aims The quality of colostrum used in feeding dairy calves and passive immunity transfer in selected dairy farms in Fars province, Iran was investigated. Methods A total of 75 colostrum and neonatal blood samples were collected from 11 herds. The immunological quality of colostrum was assessed using a Brix digital refractometer. The bacteriological quality was assessed by performing total plate count (TPC), total coliform count (TCC), spore-former count, fungi count, and species-specific PCR assay to detect some bacterial species. Results The mean Brix of colostrum samples was 25.4% and 72% of the samples had a Brix score ≥22%. The mean serum Brix and the prevalence of failure of passive transfer (FPT) were 10% and 4%, respectively. The mean TPC, TCC, spore-former count, and fungi count were 3.6 × 105, 2.8 × 104, 3.2 × 104, and 1.1 × 104 CFU/ml, respectively. The results showed that 50, 5.9, and 4% of colostrum samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and Maycobacterium paratuberculosis, respectively. There was no evidence of contamination with Brucella spp., Corynebacterium bovis and Mycoplasma bovis. Conclusion Considering all colostrum quality indicators comprehensively, only 37.3% of the studied samples met the industry standard. A large number of calves were at risk of receiving poor quality colostrum, especially in terms of microbial contamination. Further researches are needed to evaluate the colostrum management and the effect of bacterial contamination of colostrum on the health of neonate calves in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Asgari
- Ph.D. Student in Feed Hygiene, Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - A Rasooli
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;,Correspondence: A. Rasooli, Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - M Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. S Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Najafi Tire Shabankare
- Ph.D. Student in Feed Hygiene, Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;
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Mohebbi-Fani M, Omidi A, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S, Pourtajabadi E, Badkoobeh M. Compromised liver functions during the breeding period of clinically healthy Holstein cows. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20:89-95. [PMID: 31531030 PMCID: PMC6716283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sub-clinical carry-over effects of post-partum (PP) conditions and the problems independent of parturition may affect the cows' performance during the breeding period. AIMS It was hypothesized that some mid-lactation cows may have compromised liver functions and calculating liver activity index (LAI; -1.5 to +1.5) may be helpful in detecting such conditions. METHODS Plasma lipid and protein profiles, retinol and ceruloplasmin were measured in 37 Holstein cows on days 60, 90, and 120 PP. Liver activity index was calculated using the measures of cholesterol, albumin and retinol. The results were interpreted using some health and performance indices. RESULTS The mean LAI was 0.00 ± 0.61. Sixteen cows (45.7%) were LAI‾ and 19 cows (54.3%) were LAI+. In LAI+ cows the concentrations of cholesterol and albumin were unchanged, but in LAI‾ cows both of them increased through the study (P<0.05). Greater concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P<0.01) and lower concentrations of γ- and total globulins (P<0.05; day 60) were detected in LAI+ cows. Ceruloplasmin was not different between the LAI groups with the highest level on day 90. Cholesterol had the strongest and the most repeated correlations with LAI during the study. The correlation of albumin with LAI faded on day 120 and vitamin A had a relationship only on day 60 PP. Triglycerides (TGs), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (day 60) and LDL (days 60 and 90) had positive correlations with LAI. All globulin fractions showed negative correlations with LAI on day 60. Seventy percent of the cows without endometritis (day 30 PP) and 33% of the infected cows were LAI+ during the breeding period. About 79% of the cows with body condition score (BCS) loss ≤0.75 (day 60) and 38% of the cows with BCS loss >0.75 were LAI+ during the breeding period. CONCLUSION Compromised liver functions may exist in dairy cows during the breeding period and may be detected by calculating LAI. The relationship of LAI during the progressed lactation with herd's performance needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - E. Pourtajabadi
- Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Badkoobeh
- Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Omidi A, Mohebbi-Fani M, Nazifi S, Mirzaei A, Seirafinia M. The effects of post-partum drops in body condition on indices of energy metabolism in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20:180-185. [PMID: 31656522 PMCID: PMC6811708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of energy metabolism indices in mid-lactation Holstein cows is critical to monitor health status. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of low (≤0.75) vs. high (>0.75) drops in body condition score (BCS) until day 60 post-partum on energy metabolism indices during mid-lactation in Holstein cows. METHODS Twenty-eight Holstein cows were included in the study from the day of calving to day 120 of lactation. Whole blood samples were taken on 60, 90, and 120 days in milk (DIM). Serum was analyzed for insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels. RESULTS In cows with low BCS drop (LoD group), insulin did not change significantly through days 60 to 120 of lactation, but increased in high drop cows (HiD group) (P<0.001). Glucose concentrations decreased linearly in the LoD cows (P=0.039) and showed a quadratic increase in the HiD group on day 90 (P=0.028). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids showed both linear (P=0.04) and quadratic (P=0.002) changes in the HiD group. The HiD cows had significantly higher concentrations of insulin on day 120 (P=0.017) compared to the LoD group. Glucose concentration was lower (P<0.01) in HiD cows on 60 DIM. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was higher in HiD cows on day 90 (P<0.01). Surrogate indices of insulin resistance (calculated based on the concentrations of the measured metabolites) were different between the groups on day 90, indicating decreased insulin sensitivity in the HiD cows. CONCLUSION Greater depletion of body reserves during early lactation may result in some inconsistencies in energy metabolism during mid-lactation periods. Controlling BCS loss during early lactation may help alleviate such alterations possibly through modifying insulin sensitivity of the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Seirafinia
- Ph.D. Student in Feed Hygiene, Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Mohebbi-Fani M, Omidi A, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S, Nowroozi K. A field study on glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and thyroid hormones in dairy cows during the breeding period in Fars province, Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20:55-59. [PMID: 31191701 PMCID: PMC6509905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was hypothesized that under apparently good management practices in dairy farms, some cows may not be metabolically perfect during the breeding period and this may affect their performance. AIMS This study was conducted to assess probable metabolic drawbacks in mid-lactation dairy cows affecting their performance. METHODS Thirty-seven clinically healthy Holstein cows were assessed for plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), thyroxin (T4), and tri-iodothyronine (T3) on days 60, 90 and 120 of lactation. The relationships of the measured analytes with some performance indices were also studied. RESULTS Continuous declines in plasma glucose (within reference values; P<0.006), T4 (P<0.001) and T3 (0.003) were found during the study. Non-esterified fatty acids showed relatively high levels through the study with a rise at day 90 (P<0.041). Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not change significantly (P>0.05) but were higher than those reported by others in mid-lactation cows. By progress in lactation 27% of cows had glucose concentrations <2.5 mmol/L, 62% had NEFA concentrations >0.40 mmol/L and 13.5% had BHB levels above 1200 µmol/L, which are the threshold levels of peri- and post-parturient problems. Milk production had negative correlations with glucose and T4 while the correlation was positive with NEFA. The interval between calving to the 1st heat had positive correlations with BHB concentrations. The interval between calving and the 1st insemination was inversely correlated with glucose and positively correlated with NEFA levels. CONCLUSION The changes of the studied analytes in mid-lactation cows resembled those that would happen during negative energy balance in early lactation cows and feed restriction in mid-lactation cows and may affect the general health and the performance of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mohebbi-Fani
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kh. Nowroozi
- Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Mirzaei A, Mohebbi-Fani M, Omidi A, Boostani A, Nazifi S, Mahmoodian-Fard H, Chahardahcherik M. Progesterone concentration and lambing rate of Karakul ewes treated with prostaglandin and GnRH combined with the ram effect during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Theriogenology 2017; 100:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Omidi A, Sauvage C, Vandezande L, Wallaert B. La LTP du cannabis : une voie de sensibilisation aux LTP alimentaires. Revue Française d'Allergologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bakht R, Omidi A, Balali Z. STUDY OF THE AGE AT MENOPAUSE AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS OF MENOPAUSAL AGE AMONG WOMEN WHO LIVED IN HAMADAN IN 2007. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nouri M, Hajikolaee M, Constable P, Omidi A. Effect of Erythromycin and Gentamicin on Abomasal Emptying Rate in Suckling Calves. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:196-201. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Rakhshandeh H, Omidi A. An investigation on LD50 and subacute hepatic toxicity of Nigella sativa seed extracts in mice. Pharmazie 2005; 60:544-7. [PMID: 16076084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa seeds (blackseed) have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diarrhea and asthma, and have been shown to have various useful pharmacological effects. In this study, acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of the seeds have been investigated. To determine their LD50, the aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts were administered orally, in 4 different doses, 6, 9, 14 and 21 g/kg. Mortality rate and weight changes have also been measured in all groups for 3 and 7 days, respectively. No mortality has been observed in all groups and with all doses. Methanol extracts in all doses and chloroform extract in the dose of 21 g/kg significantly decreased animals weight. Hepatic toxicity of the extracts was also investigated in the dose of 6 g/kg/day orally for 14 consecutive days by measuring ALP, SGOT and SGPT activity in blood and hepatic histological study. Degenerative changes in hepatic cells have been observed only with aqueous extract of the seeds. In conclusion, Nigella sativa extracts are relatively nontoxic in the acute toxicity test, but the possibility of hepatic damage with its aqueous extract should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vahdati-Mashhadian
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran.
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