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Gillard DM, Hum M, Gardi A, Centore L, Sharon JD. Does Catastrophizing Predict Response to Treatment in Patients With Vestibular Disorders? A Prospective Cohort Study. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e107-e112. [PMID: 38082481 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine levels of catastrophizing in patients with vestibular disorders and prospectively evaluate their relationship with patient-reported outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care neurotology vestibular disorders clinic. PATIENTS Adult patients with various vestibular disorders. INTERVENTIONS Patients were given the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Dizziness Catastrophizing Scale (DCS) at a baseline visit and follow-up visit after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation studies were used to determine the relationships between DHI and DCS. Multivariable linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between DCS and DHI change with treatment, accounting for demographic variables. RESULTS Forty-six subjects completed both the DHI and the DCS before and after treatment. Patients with higher baseline DCS scores had higher baseline DHI scores ( p < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in both DHI score ( p < 0.001) and DCS ( p < 0.001) at follow-up. Patients who had reduction in DCS scores during were more likely to show reduction in DHI scores ( p < 0.001). A subset of patients had a mindfulness-based stress reduction program included in their treatment. These patients had a greater reduction in both DCS and DHI scores at follow-up compared with those who received other treatments. CONCLUSIONS Catastrophizing is associated with higher pretreatment DHI scores and worse treatment outcomes. Addressing dizziness catastrophizing may help improve vestibular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Gillard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maxwell Hum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam Gardi
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda Centore
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey D Sharon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Benjamin T, Gardi A, Sharon JD. Recent Developments in Vestibular Migraine: A Narrative Review. Am J Audiol 2023; 32:739-745. [PMID: 36701806 DOI: 10.1044/2022_aja-22-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review current literature regarding the epidemiology of vestibular migraine (VM), patient presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS VM is becoming an increasingly recognized condition in the United States, currently affecting 2.7% of people. Patients may experience vestibular symptoms, such as vertigo and imbalance, with or without other migrainous symptoms. Recent evidence has also shown that patients with VM are at higher risk for cochlear dysfunction, such as sudden deafness, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. The heritability and genetics are not well understood, and the pathogenesis may involve calcitonin gene-related peptide, which is also implicated in migraine headaches. A disease-specific patient reported outcome measure, the Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory, was recently developed and validated. A limited number of controlled trials have assessed various therapies for VM, including triptans and beta-blockers. More data are needed to understand whether or not currently available migraine treatments are effective for VM. SUMMARY VM is a common etiology of vertigo and dizziness, presenting with a characteristic spectrum of symptoms. Early data suggest that migraine treatments may be helpful in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Benjamin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco
| | - Adam Gardi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey D Sharon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco
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Patel EJ, Hum M, Gardi A, Steenerson KK, Rizk HG, Sharon JD. VM-PATHI Correlates With Cognitive Function Improvement After Successful Treatment in Patients With Vestibular Migraine. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:813-816. [PMID: 37525385 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in cognitive function in vestibular migraine patients undergoing treatment. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING Single-institution tertiary-care center. PATIENTS Thirty-four patients with vestibular migraine were included in the study. Average age at diagnosis was 47.9 years. A majority of patients (91.2%) were female. INTERVENTIONS Vestibular therapies included pharmacologic treatment (67.6%), mindfulness-based stress reduction (58.8%), vestibular physical therapy (20.6%), and lifestyle changes only (2.9%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pretreatment and posttreatment questionnaires were collected including the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory (VM-PATHI), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. RESULTS Median time between pretreatment and posttreatment questionnaire was 4.4 months (range, 2.8-15.6. mo). CFQ scores decreased in subjects who responded to treatment, as defined by those with a positive change in VM-PATHI score (average decrease, 6.5; p = 0.03). CFQ scores did not improve in subjects who had no improvement in their vestibular condition, as defined by no change or an increase in VM-PATHI score (average increase, 2.0; p = 0.53). Univariate linear regression showed that VM-PATHI score change was highly predictive of CFQ change ( p < 0.01, r2 = 0.36). Multivariate regression demonstrated that the VM-PATHI ( p = 0.03) and not the Dizziness Handicap Inventory ( p = 0.10) predicted changes in CFQ score. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported cognitive dysfunction improves with successful treatment of vestibular migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Maxwell Hum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Adam Gardi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Kristen K Steenerson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Habib G Rizk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey D Sharon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
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Kim EK, Sienko N, Gardi A, Krauter R, Pasquesi L, Sharon JD. Visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in patients with vestibular disease. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1061-1067. [PMID: 37621269 PMCID: PMC10446303 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vestibular migraine (VM) is a diagnostic challenge. Visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) gain, a measure of the visual-vestibular interaction, has been proposed as a tool for diagnosing VM. This study seeks to evaluate VVOR gain's diagnostic capability to predict VM and to compare the phenotypes of vestibular patients with elevated versus normal/low VVOR gain. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive adult patients at a dizziness clinic from October 2016 and December 2020 was conducted. VVOR gain's diagnostic performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis. Demographic factors and clinical presentations were compared between vestibular patients with elevated versus normal/low VVOR gain. Results One hundred forty patients (70 with VM) were analyzed. VVOR gain was elevated in 68.6% of patients with VM, compared to 52.9% of patients without VM (p = .057). The AUROC of VVOR gain was 0.5902 (95% confidence interval: 0.4958-0.6846). Vestibular patients with elevated VVOR gain were younger than those with normal/low VVOR gain (mean age 50 vs. 62, p < .0001). A higher proportion of subjects with elevated VVOR gain had symptoms triggered by certain foods (17.6% vs. 5.5%, p = .040) and experienced sound sensitivity (34.1% vs. 18.2%, p = .040) and motion sensitivity (23.5% vs. 9.1%, p = .041). A greater proportion of VM patients with elevated VVOR gain were triggered by certain foods (27.1% vs. 0%, p = .006). Conclusion VVOR gain alone has limited ability to discriminate VM from other vestibular conditions and must be interpreted carefully. VVOR gain elevation may be associated with food triggers and motion and sound sensitivity. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie Sienko
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam Gardi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roseanne Krauter
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of NursingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren Pasquesi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey D. Sharon
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Dharia AK, Gardi A, Vogel AK, Dutt-Mazumder A, Krishnan C. Evaluation of motor cortical excitability using evoked torque responses: A new tool with high reliability. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:108998. [PMID: 33189794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are typically recorded via surface electromyography (EMG). However, another suitable alternative may be recording torque output associated with MEPs, especially when studying multiheaded muscles (e.g. quadriceps) for which EMG may not be ideal. METHODS We recorded the motor evoked torque elicited by TMS along with conventional EMG-based MEPs (MEPEMG) over a range of TMS intensities (100-140 % of active motor threshold [AMT]) from twenty healthy young adults on two different days. MEPs were normalized using different normalization procedures (raw, normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], and peak MEP). Additionally, motor evoked torque was normalized to TMS-evoked peripheral resting twitch torque. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined for each of these variables to compute reliability. RESULTS Motor evoked torque showed good to excellent reliability (ICC: 0.65-0.90) at TMS intensities ≥ 110 % AMT, except when normalized by peak MEP. The reliability of raw MEPEMG and MVIC normalized MEPEMG was fair to excellent only at ≥ 130 % AMT (ICC: 0.42-0.82) and at ≥ 120 % AMT (ICC: 0.41-0.83), respectively. The reliability of both MEPEMG and motor evoked torque generally increased with increasing TMS intensities, with motor evoked torque normalized to the resting twitch torque yielding the best ICC scores. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS When compared with conventional MEPEMG, motor evoked torque offers superior and reliable estimates of corticospinal excitability, particularly when normalized to resting twitch torque. CONCLUSIONS TMS-induced motor evoked torque can reliably be used to measure corticospinal excitability in the quadriceps muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha K Dharia
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam Gardi
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda K Vogel
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aviroop Dutt-Mazumder
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandramouli Krishnan
- NeuRRo Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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van Furth R, Braat A, Leijh P, Gardi A. Opsonic and Physicochemical Characteristics of Intravenous
Immunoglobulin Preparations. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000461700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jiménez-Munt I, Sabadini R, Gardi A, Bianco G. Active deformation in the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Anatolia inferred from numerical modeling and geodetic and seismological data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Jiménez-Munt
- Sezione Geofisica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra; Università di Milano; Italy
| | - R. Sabadini
- Sezione Geofisica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra; Università di Milano; Italy
| | - A. Gardi
- Sezione Geofisica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra; Università di Milano; Italy
| | - G. Bianco
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Centro di Geodesia Spaziale “G. Colombo,”; Matera Italy
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Gardi A, Morgenthaler JJ. Gamma globulin preparations for CMV prophylaxis. Transplantation 1993; 56:765-6. [PMID: 7692631 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199309000-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Burckhardt JJ, Gardi A, Oxelius VA, Preud'homme JL, Scherz R, Skvaril F, Heiniger HJ. Immunoglobulin G subclass distribution in three human intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Vox Sang 1989; 57:10-4. [PMID: 2508324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb04976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In immunodeficiency patients the lack of immunoglobulins (Ig) can be total or partial with a specific IgG subclass imbalance masked by normal values for total IgG. In the latter case therapy with intravenous IgG preparations (IVIG) is generally beneficial, provided the IVIG preparations used originate from large pools of normal blood donors and exhibit a normal IgG subclass distribution. We have analyzed the subclass distribution of three IVIG products: Sandoglobulin (SAGL), GamimuneN (GI), Gammagard (GG), 6-10 lots each, in four different laboratories. The competitive enzyme immunoassays and radial immunodiffusion methods used different monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, respectively. Despite minor interlaboratory differences, the results show that the slightly lower IgG1 content of SAGL versus GI and GG was quantitatively compensated by a higher proportion of IgG2, that no differences existed in IgG3 levels, but that one preparation (SAGL) contained 2-3% of IgG4 compared to 0.5-1.5% in GI and below 0.5% in GG. This difference was significant, the two latter preparations being at or below the lower limit of what are considered to be normal values found in human adults. Such differences may have important clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Burckhardt
- Central Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Service SRC, Bern, Switzerland
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Skvaril F, Gardi A. Differences among available immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7:S43-8. [PMID: 2456510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Today almost all IgG preparations for intravenous use (IVIG) fulfill the basic requirements for a preparation given intravenously (sterility, pyrogenicity, antibody content but also anticomplementary activity, etc.). However, there are still marked differences among such preparations caused by the method of preparation: (1) Enzymatically treated IVIGs (by pepsin and plasmin) have a shorter biologic half-time and a disturbed IgG subclass composition; (2) in chemically treated IVIGs (beta-propiolactone, reduced or sulfonated IgGs) the IgG3 subclass is lacking and some of the Fc-related functions are altered; and (3) the IVIGs purified by anion exchangers are poor in the IgG4 subclass. The three main preparations sold in the United States (Gamimune N, Gammagard and Sandoglobulin) belong to the nonmodified preparations and, with the exception of the IgG subclass representation, show similar Fab- and Fc-related properties (antibody content, interaction with Fc receptors on monocytes, phagocytosis-promoting activity, etc.) In none of these preparations, an elevated level of undesired contaminants (prekallikrein activator, irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies) are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Skvaril
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Cancer Research, University of Berne, Switzerland
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Mankarious S, Hooper J, van Furth R, Gardi A. Opsonic and Physicochemical Characteristics of
Intravenous Immune Globulin Preparations. Vox Sang 1988. [DOI: 10.1159/000461870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The composition and opsonizing activity of five commercially available immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (Venoglobulin I, Venilon, Gammagard, Polyglobin, and Sandoglobulin) were studied. The composition of these preparations does not differ very much as far as total protein, immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass concentrations are concerned. The only exceptions were that Veniglobulin I, Gammagard and Sandoglobulin contain IgA, which might cause side effects in patients with anti-IgA antibodies, Gammagard contains very little IgG4, and Venilon and Polyglobin contain no and almost no IgG3, respectively, which might explain their very low opsonic activity. It was found that Venilon and Gammagard activate complement in the ready-for-infusion state. The opsonic activity of Venoglobulin I, Sandoglobulin and Gammagard is about equal to that of inactivated serum: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli with K antigen, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus group B are well opsonized and E. coli without K antigen and Streptococcus pneumoniae are poorly opsonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van Furth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
This paper briefly surveys the control measures and tests which are carried out before, during and after manufacture of an i.v. immunoglobulin in order to assure the quality of the preparation. The quality requirements are determined by both the standards expected by physicians and patients and by the specifications of the registration authorities in the various countries. A great deal of know-how and considerable technical investment is required to match these requirements. Furthermore a comprehensive quality assurance programme is compulsory: It begins with the careful collection and analysis of each single blood donation, continues through all the manufacturing stages and ends with the rigorous testing of every batch of the end product - an examination comprising 23 different tests.
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Cavagna R, Gardi A. [General anesthesia in ambulatory dental surgery]. Minerva Stomatol 1968; 17:760-4. [PMID: 5252728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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