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Tartaglia G, Patel N, Fuentes I, Padron Z, Han L, South A. 593 Preventing fibrosis in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Harshyne L, Linnenbach A, Mahoney M, South A, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Curry J, Cognetti D, Johnson J, Tuluc M, Argiris A, Luginbuhl A. 770P Comprehensive immune profiling of primary tumors, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood after treatment with nivolumab and BMS 986205 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Sheoran A, Carvalho A, Mimbela RP, South A, Major S, Ginese M, Girouard D, Tzipori S. Pregnant sows immunized with Cryptosporidium parvum significantly reduced infection in newborn piglets challenged with C. parvum but not with C. hominis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010690. [PMID: 35905106 PMCID: PMC9365126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The piglet is the only model to investigate the immunogenic relationship between Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum, the species responsible for diarrhea in humans. Despite being indistinguishable antigenically, and high genetic homology between them, they are only moderately cross protective after an active infection. Methodology/Principal findings Here we examined the degree of passive protection conferred to piglets suckling sows immunized during pregnancy with C. parvum. After birth suckling piglets were challenged orally with either C. parvum or C. hominis at age 5 days. Animals challenged with C. parvum had significant reduction of infection rate, while piglets challenged with C. hominis showed no reduction despite high C. parvum serum and colostrum IgG and IgA antibody. Conclusions/Significance We add these data to earlier studies where we described that infection derived immunity provides partial cross-protection. Together, it appears that for full protection, vaccines against human cryptosporidiosis must contain antigenic elements derived from both species. Cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic infection causing diarrhea and dehydration, emerged as a global enteric pathogen in the 1980s with the AIDS pandemic. Cryptosporidium infections have evolved to become a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of 2 years in low to middle income countries. Given these developments, there is a critical need for an effective human vaccine. C. hominis and C. parvum are two Cryptosporidium species, with C. hominis being more common and more infectious than C. parvum. In this study, passive protection conferred to piglets suckling sows immunized with C. parvum during pregnancy was examined. Newborn piglets were separated into 4 groups: 2 groups from sows immunized with C. parvum and 2 control groups from unimmunized sows. One immunized group and one control group were infected with C. parvum, and the second immunized group and the second control group were infected with C. hominis. Newborn piglets were equally and fully protected against diarrheal disease regardless of whether the sow off which they fed was immunized. The results confirm that the dam’s colostrum and milk convey non-specific disease-preventing elements for full protection from disease, while passively acquired specific antibody reduces considerably the extent of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Sheoran
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Alison Carvalho
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Ruby Pina Mimbela
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Adam South
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Samuel Major
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Melanie Ginese
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Donald Girouard
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
| | - Saul Tzipori
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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Sussman S, Linnenbach A, Harshyne L, South A, Kumar G, Alnemri A, Urdang Z, Anderson-Pullinger L, Mahoney M, Argiris A, Johnson J, Luginbuhl A, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Curry J. Differential Activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Detected Using Spatial Transcriptomics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kalani TJ, South A, Talmadge C, Leibler J, Whittier C, Rosenbaum M. One map: Using geospatial analysis to understand lead exposure across humans, animals, and the environment in an urban US city. One Health 2021; 13:100341. [PMID: 34761097 PMCID: PMC8566902 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental lead contamination negatively impacts human, animal, and ecosystem health, yet there is a lack of research in this area that incorporates a One Health framework - examining co-exposures among species through their shared environment. The purpose of this study was to integrate human and animal data with public soil lead levels to better understand lead exposure patterns across species in an urban US city. Over 200 soil samples were collected, analyzed for lead, and mapped in combination with other risk factors pulled from the literature to identify areas of highest risk. Human socio-demographic data, dog, and house sparrow density data were mapped to investigate the association between these variables and soil lead levels. Geospatial analysis software was used to visualize the geospatial distribution of soil lead levels and known risk factors for environmental lead contamination, and a block group risk score was calculated and mapped. Associations between human and animal-associated variables and soil lead levels and block risk scores were assessed using Spearman's correlations. Positive, statistically significant associations were found between soil lead levels and higher population density, higher education levels, and higher median household income. Areas with higher soil lead levels and lead exposure risk scores were associated with greater dog density and greater house sparrow density. This study fills an important knowledge gap on the risk of environmental lead exposure to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana J. Kalani
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 02156, USA
| | - Adam South
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 02156, USA
| | - Carolyn Talmadge
- Tufts Technology Services, Tufts University, 419 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jessica Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chris Whittier
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 02156, USA
| | - Marieke Rosenbaum
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 02156, USA
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Curry J, Alnemri A, Sussman S, Harshyne L, Linnenbach A, Stapp R, South A, Nwagu U, Swendseid B, Tuluc M, Gargano S, Cognetti D, Bar-Ad V, Luginbuhl A, Axelrod R, Whitaker-Menezes D, Mahoney M, Argiris A, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Johnson J. 861MO Spatial distribution of CD8+ and FoxP3+ in a window of opportunity for durvalumab (MEDI4736) plus metformin trial in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Youssefian L, Saeidian A, South A, Khosravi F, Khodavaisy S, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. 174 Knock-down of SDR9C7 impairs epidermal barrier function. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Youssefian L, Saeidian A, Fortina P, South A, Uitto J, Vahidnezhad H. 184 Whole-transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq for genetic diagnosis of Mendelian skin disorders in the context of consanguinity. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Peirce MJ, Mitchell SN, Kakani EG, Scarpelli P, South A, Shaw WR, Werling KL, Gabrieli P, Marcenac P, Bordoni M, Talesa V, Catteruccia F. JNK signaling regulates oviposition in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14344. [PMID: 32873857 PMCID: PMC7462981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive fitness of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito represents a promising target to prevent malaria transmission. The ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), transferred from male to female during copulation, is key to An. gambiae reproductive success as it licenses females to oviposit eggs developed after blood feeding. Here we show that 20E-triggered oviposition in these mosquitoes is regulated by the stress- and immune-responsive c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The heads of mated females exhibit a transcriptional signature reminiscent of a JNK-dependent wounding response, while mating—or injection of virgins with exogenous 20E—selectively activates JNK in the same tissue. RNAi-mediated depletion of JNK pathway components inhibits oviposition in mated females, whereas JNK activation by silencing the JNK phosphatase puckered induces egg laying in virgins. Together, these data identify JNK as a potential conduit linking stress responses and reproductive success in the most important vector of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Sant' Andrea Delle Fratte, Piano 4, Edificio D, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sara N Mitchell
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Evdoxia G Kakani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Sant' Andrea Delle Fratte, Piano 4, Edificio D, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - W Robert Shaw
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristine L Werling
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Sant' Andrea Delle Fratte, Piano 4, Edificio D, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.,Dipartimento Bioscienze, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Perrine Marcenac
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Sant' Andrea Delle Fratte, Piano 4, Edificio D, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Talesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Sant' Andrea Delle Fratte, Piano 4, Edificio D, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Fuentes I, Guttmann-Gruber C, Piñon Hofbauer J, South A. 656 Immune cell profiling of wounds from Epidermolysis bullosa patients. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Fuentes I, Webster T, South A. 382 Searching for targets to combat fibrosis in RDEB patients. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Werling K, Shaw WR, Itoe MA, Westervelt KA, Marcenac P, Paton DG, Peng D, Singh N, Smidler AL, South A, Deik AA, Mancio-Silva L, Demas AR, March S, Calvo E, Bhatia SN, Clish CB, Catteruccia F. Steroid Hormone Function Controls Non-competitive Plasmodium Development in Anopheles. Cell 2019; 177:315-325.e14. [PMID: 30929905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of malaria parasites occurs when a female Anopheles mosquito feeds on an infected host to acquire nutrients for egg development. How parasites are affected by oogenetic processes, principally orchestrated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), remains largely unknown. Here we show that Plasmodium falciparum development is intimately but not competitively linked to processes shaping Anopheles gambiae reproduction. We unveil a 20E-mediated positive correlation between egg and oocyst numbers; impairing oogenesis by multiple 20E manipulations decreases parasite intensities. These manipulations, however, accelerate Plasmodium growth rates, allowing sporozoites to become infectious sooner. Parasites exploit mosquito lipids for faster growth, but they do so without further affecting egg development. These results suggest that P. falciparum has adopted a non-competitive evolutionary strategy of resource exploitation to optimize transmission while minimizing fitness costs to its mosquito vector. Our findings have profound implications for currently proposed control strategies aimed at suppressing mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Werling
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W Robert Shaw
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maurice A Itoe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen A Westervelt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Perrine Marcenac
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas G Paton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duo Peng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naresh Singh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea L Smidler
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Allison R Demas
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sandra March
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Alexeev V, Mukhtarzada L, Alanis JS, Palisson F, Uitto J, South A, Igoucheva O. LB1007 Analysis of chemokines in blister fluids of epidermolysis bullosa patients: Implications for therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Atanasova V, Russell R, Webster T, salas J, South A. 664 Thrombospondin 1 is a major activator of TGF-beta in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun Y, Woess K, Wimmer M, Zauner R, Feinle A, Wally V, South A, Furihata T, Piñón Hofbauer J, Gruber C. 561 Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for the detection of epidermolysis bullosa-associated squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Atanasova V, Jiang Q, Uitto J, South A. 507 Understanding mechanisms that govern premature termination codon read-through in human skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Cho R, Alexandrov L, Jonkman M, McGrath J, Hovnanian A, Bauer J, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Tsai K, South A. 122 Mutational landscape of highly malignant recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Russell R, Webster T, Prisco M, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Curry J, Fertala A, Rosenbloom J, South A. 556 Modeling tumor promoting extracellular matrix dynamics in 3-D suspension culture. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Farshchian M, Salas Alanis J, South A. 508 Reciprocal regulation of lysyl hydroxylase 3 and type VII collagen secretion: Pathomechanistic link in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nguyen T, Rajapakshe K, Chitsazzadeh V, Truong K, Schmults C, South A, Cho R, Coarfa C, Tsai K. 097 Genomic analysis reveals drivers of high-risk subsets of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Al-Wathiqui N, Fallon TR, South A, Weng JK, Lewis SM. Molecular characterization of firefly nuptial gifts: a multi-omics approach sheds light on postcopulatory sexual selection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38556. [PMID: 28004739 PMCID: PMC5177949 DOI: 10.1038/srep38556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postcopulatory sexual selection is recognized as a key driver of reproductive trait evolution, including the machinery required to produce endogenous nuptial gifts. Despite the importance of such gifts, the molecular composition of the non-gametic components of male ejaculates and their interactions with female reproductive tracts remain poorly understood. During mating, male Photinus fireflies transfer to females a spermatophore gift manufactured by multiple reproductive glands. Here we combined transcriptomics of both male and female reproductive glands with proteomics and metabolomics to better understand the synthesis, composition and fate of the spermatophore in the common Eastern firefly, Photinus pyralis. Our transcriptome of male glands revealed up-regulation of proteases that may enhance male fertilization success and activate female immune response. Using bottom-up proteomics we identified 208 functionally annotated proteins that males transfer to the female in their spermatophore. Targeted metabolomic analysis also provided the first evidence that Photinus nuptial gifts contain lucibufagin, a firefly defensive toxin. The reproductive tracts of female fireflies showed increased gene expression for several proteases that may be involved in egg production. This study offers new insights into the molecular composition of male spermatophores, and extends our understanding of how nuptial gifts may mediate postcopulatory interactions between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy R Fallon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sara M Lewis
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Atanasova V, Gruber C, Chen M, Uitto J, South A. 157 Efficacy and mechanism of amlexanox for potential treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Adelmann C, South A, Proby C, Leigh I, Coarfa C, Flores E, Tsai K. 239 MEK is a therapeutic and chemopreventative target in squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pourreyron C, Watt S, Wright S, Gruber C, Prisco M, McGrath J, Mellerio J, Bauer J, South A. 097 Rigosertib for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Atanasova V, Jiang Q, Uitto J, South A. 400 Amlexanox: Efficacy and mechanism for potential therapy for RDEB. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Overmiller A, Pierluissi J, Wermuth P, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Curry J, South A, Mahoney M. 422 Dsg2 increases exosome release and enhances EGFR/c-Src content: A mechanism for an intercellular mitogenic effect. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mitchell SN, Kakani EG, South A, Howell PI, Waterhouse RM, Catteruccia F. Mosquito biology. Evolution of sexual traits influencing vectorial capacity in anopheline mosquitoes. Science 2015; 347:985-8. [PMID: 25722409 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences from 16 anopheline species provides unprecedented opportunities to study the evolution of reproductive traits relevant for malaria transmission. In Anopheles gambiae, a likely candidate for sexual selection is male 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Sexual transfer of this steroid hormone as part of a mating plug dramatically changes female physiological processes intimately tied to vectorial capacity. By combining phenotypic studies with ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic analyses, we show that mating plug transfer and male 20E synthesis are both derived characters that have coevolved in anophelines, driving the adaptation of a female 20E-interacting protein that promotes oogenesis via mechanisms also favoring Plasmodium survival. Our data reveal coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive traits between the sexes likely to have shaped the ability of anophelines to transmit malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Mitchell
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evdoxia G Kakani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul I Howell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy.
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South A. Elizabeth Pryce-Jones. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Baldini F, Gabrieli P, South A, Valim C, Mancini F, Catteruccia F. The interaction between a sexually transferred steroid hormone and a female protein regulates oogenesis in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001695. [PMID: 24204210 PMCID: PMC3812110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions between male and female factors during mating profoundly affect the reproductive behavior and physiology of female insects. In natural populations of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, blood-fed females direct nutritional resources towards oogenesis only when inseminated. Here we show that the mating-dependent pathway of egg development in these mosquitoes is regulated by the interaction between the steroid hormone 20-hydroxy-ecdysone (20E) transferred by males during copulation and a female Mating-Induced Stimulator of Oogenesis (MISO) protein. RNAi silencing of MISO abolishes the increase in oogenesis caused by mating in blood-fed females, causes a delay in oocyte development, and impairs the function of male-transferred 20E. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that MISO and 20E interact in the female reproductive tract. Moreover MISO expression after mating is induced by 20E via the Ecdysone Receptor, demonstrating a close cooperation between the two factors. Male-transferred 20E therefore acts as a mating signal that females translate into an increased investment in egg development via a MISO-dependent pathway. The identification of this male-female reproductive interaction offers novel opportunities for the control of mosquito populations that transmit malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baldini
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
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Rahimi F, Debicki D, Bee C, South A, Jog M. Treating hand tremor in Parkinson disease with botulinum neurotoxin type A: A pilot study. Toxicon 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thomas AM, Hui C, South A, McVey M. Common variants of Drosophila melanogaster Cyp6d2 cause camptothecin sensitivity and synergize with loss of Brca2. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.760.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fu X, South A, Lewis SM. Sexual dimorphism, mating systems, and nuptial gifts in two Asian fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). J Insect Physiol 2012; 58:1485-1492. [PMID: 22985863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many insect taxa show conspicuous sexual dimorphism in which females lack functional wings and are therefore incapable of flight. In fireflies, this loss of female flight is correlated with male production of spermatophore nuptial gifts, with species with flightless females also lacking gift production. In this study we further examined the relationship between sexual dimorphism and nuptial gifts by examining the reproductive ecology of two Asian fireflies, the sexually monomorphic Aquatica ficta (Luciolinae) and dimorphic Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Lampyrinae). We describe the reproductive anatomy of P. pectoralis males and females, and the time course of A. ficta spermatophore transfer. Through a series of mating experiments, we determined the effect of the number of matings on female fecundity, egg hatching success and female lifespan. The spermatophore-producing A. ficta was found to be monandrous, and female lifespan doubled as a result of that single mating. P. pectoralis was found to lack spermatophores but females were polyandrous and fecundity and egg hatching success both increased with additional matings. These results contradict patterns known from North American firefly species and provide insight into the role of male-derived substances in mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Fu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Abstract
In many insects, nuptial gifts in the form of spermatophores have been shown to increase female fecundity and to contribute to female somatic maintenance. Examining how variation in male spermatophore size affects female fitness components can provide insight into the evolution of nuptial gifts, as well as insight into potential conflicts between the sexes. Here we present an experimental study on the firefly Photinus obscurellus LeConte, 1851 in which we altered spermatophore size by manipulating male mating history and examined effects on female offspring production and longevity. Females were randomly allocated to one of two mating treatments in which they mated once with a male producing either a large or a small spermatophore. We found that male spermatophore size had no significant effect on lifetime fecundity or daily reproductive rates of female P. obscurellus, but females that received a larger spermatophore showed a tendency toward longer postmating life spans. These results suggest a direct benefit to females from nuptial gifts and also reveal the potential for synergistic effects on multiple facets of female fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - S.M. Lewis
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
Because females often mate with multiple males, it is critical to expand our view of sexual selection to encompass pre-, peri- and post-copulatory episodes to understand how selection drives trait evolution. In Photinus fireflies, females preferentially respond to males based on their bioluminescent courtship signals, but previous work has shown that male paternity success is negatively correlated with flash attractiveness. Here, we experimentally manipulated both the attractiveness of the courtship signal visible to female Photinus greeni fireflies before mating and male nuptial gift size to determine how these traits might each influence mate acceptance and paternity share. We also measured pericopulatory behaviours to examine their influence on male reproductive success. Firefly males with larger spermatophores experienced dual benefits in terms of both higher mate acceptance and increased paternity share. We found no effect of courtship signal attractiveness or pericopulatory behaviour on male reproductive success. Taken together with previous results, this suggests a possible trade-off for males between producing an attractive courtship signal and investing in nuptial gifts. By integrating multiple episodes of sexual selection, this study extends our understanding of sexual selection in Photinus fireflies and provides insight into the evolution of male traits in other polyandrous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lewis
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Abstract
Although the primary function of mating is gamete transfer, male ejaculates contain numerous other substances that are produced by accessory glands and transferred to females during mating. Studies with several model organisms have shown that these substances can exert diverse behavioural and physiological effects on females, including altered longevity and reproductive output, yet a comprehensive synthesis across taxa is lacking. Here we use a meta-analytic approach to synthesize quantitatively extensive experimental work examining how male ejaculate quantity affects different components of female fitness. We summarize effect sizes for female fecundity (partial and lifetime) and longevity from 84 studies conducted on 70 arthropod species that yielded a total of 130 comparisons of female fecundity and 61 comparisons of female longevity. In response to greater amounts of ejaculate, arthropod females demonstrate enhanced fecundity (both partial and lifetime) but reduced longevity, particularly for Diptera and Lepidoptera. Across taxa, multiply mated females show particularly large fecundity increases compared to singly mated females, indicating that single matings do not maximize female fitness. This fecundity increase is balanced by a slight negative effect on lifespan, with females that received more ejaculate through polyandrous matings showing greater reductions in lifespan compared with females that have mated repeatedly with the same male. We found no significant effect size differences for either female fecundity or longevity between taxa that transfer sperm packaged into spermatophores compared to taxa that transfer ejaculates containing free sperm. Furthermore, females that received relatively larger or more spermatophores demonstrated greater lifetime fecundity, indicating that these seminal nuptial gifts provide females with a net fitness benefit. These results contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary origin and maintenance of non-sperm ejaculate components, and provide insight into female mate choice and optimal mating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Abstract
In several insect species, seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) have been demonstrated to be key regulators of male and female fitness through their ability to alter female physiology and behaviour. Tribolium castaneum is an economically important pest species and a model system for sexual selection research, but little is known about SFPs in this insect. To create a foundation for the study of T. castaneum SFPs, we used mass spectrometry to identify putative SFPs by comparing proteins detected in the male reproductive glands with those found in the reproductive tracts of virgin and mated females. Fourteen putative SFPs, thirteen with male biased expression, were identified through this approach. We also used reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to examine expression levels across different tissue types. We found strongly male-biased expression in 13 genes, nine of which were expressed only in male accessory gland tissue. This represents the first proteomic-based method of identifying putative SFPs in any coleopteran species, and is the first study in this species to identify putative SFPs that are likely transferred to the female. This work could lead to functional analyses of the role of SFPs in sexual selection, sexual conflict and potential control of a pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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South A, Stanger-Hall K, Jeng ML, Lewis SM. Correlated evolution of female neoteny and flightlessness with male spermatophore production in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Evolution 2010; 65:1099-113. [PMID: 21108637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beetle family Lampyridae (fireflies) encompasses ∼100 genera worldwide with considerable diversity in life histories and signaling modes. Some lampyrid males use reproductive accessory glands to produce spermatophores, which have been shown to increase female lifetime fecundity. Sexual dimorphism in the form of neotenic and flightless females is also common in this family. A major goal of this study was to test a hypothesized link between female flight ability and male spermatophore production. We examined macroevolutionary patterns to test for correlated evolution among different levels of female neoteny (and associated loss of flight ability), male accessory gland number (and associated spermatophore production), and sexual signaling mode. Trait reconstruction on a molecular phylogeny indicated that flying females and spermatophores were ancestral traits and that female neoteny increased monotonically and led to flightlessness within multiple lineages. In addition, male spermatophore production was lost multiple times. Our evolutionary trait analysis revealed significant correlations between increased female neoteny and male accessory gland number, as well as between flightlessness and spermatophore loss. In addition, female flightlessness was positively correlated with the use of glows as female sexual signal. Transition probability analysis supported an evolutionary sequence of female flightlessness evolving first, followed by loss of male spermatophores. These results contribute to understanding how spermatophores have evolved and how this important class of seminal nuptial gifts is linked to other traits, providing new insights into sexual selection and life-history evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155 Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan E-mail:
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South A, Jog M, Somers S. P2.162 Chewing gum signiflcantly improves swallow frequency and latency in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tigreros N, South A, Fedina T, Lewis S. Does fertilization by proxy occur in Tribolium beetles? A replicated study of a novel mechanism of sperm transfer. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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South A, Sota T, Abe N, Yuma M, Lewis SM. The production and transfer of spermatophores in three Asian species of Luciola fireflies. J Insect Physiol 2008; 54:861-866. [PMID: 18479701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During mating, many male insects transfer sperm packaged within a spermatophore that is produced by reproductive accessory glands. While spermatophores have been documented in some North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), little is known concerning either production or transfer of spermatophores in the aquatic Luciola fireflies widespread throughout Asia. We investigated this process in Japanese Luciola lateralis and L. cruciata by feeding males rhodamine B, a fluorescent dye known to stain spermatophore precursors. We then mated males with virgin females, and dissected pairs at various timepoints after mating. In both of these Luciola species, spermatophores were produced by three pairs of male accessory glands and were transferred to females during the second stage of copulation. Male spermatophores were highly fluorescent, and were covered by a thin outer sheath; a narrow tube leading from an internal sperm-containing sac fit precisely into the female spermathecal duct, presumably for sperm delivery. Both L. lateralis and L. cruciata females have a spherical spermatheca as well as a highly extensible gland where spermatophore breakdown commences by 24h post-mating. Similar reproductive anatomy was observed for both sexes in Luciola ficta from Taiwan. These results suggest that nuptial gifts may play an important role in many firefly-mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam South
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among medical in-patients increases with age. Thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin can reduce the incidence by 50%, but anecdotally is under-used in medical patients, particularly the elderly. AIM To examine prescribing practice for thromboprophylaxis in elderly in-patients in the Yorkshire region. DESIGN Regional audit of medical records and drug charts. METHODS A simultaneous audit was done of all medical in-patients >75 years on 30 wards in 10 hospitals. Guidelines published by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) on the use of thromboprophylaxis were used as the standard. Data were collected on contraindications and/or indications for thromboprophylaxis and the type of prophylaxis used. RESULTS Of 601 patients studied (mean age 84.6 years), 117 (19.5%) had indications for thromboprophylaxis with no contraindications. Of these 117, 34 (29%) were receiving prophylaxis as per guidelines. There was more than one indication for thromboprophylaxis in 17% of those left untreated. The mean age of those receiving therapy was similar to those not receiving it (84.0 vs. 84.5 years, p = 0.66, t-test). Elderly in-patients on medical wards were more likely to receive appropriate treatment than those on geriatric wards (43% vs. 23%, p = 0.03, chi(2) test). DISCUSSION Thromboprophylaxis is under-used in older medical in-patients, despite their increased risk of VTE, particularly on geriatric wards. Greater consideration by doctors attending to older medical patients is needed if VTE is to be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A South
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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Cabral A, Voskamp P, Cleton-Jansen AM, South A, Nizetic D, Backendorf C. Structural organization and regulation of the small proline-rich family of cornified envelope precursors suggest a role in adaptive barrier function. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19231-7. [PMID: 11279051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100336200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective barrier provided by stratified squamous epithelia relies on the cornified cell envelope (CE), a structure synthesized at late stages of keratinocyte differentiation. It is composed of structural proteins, including involucrin, loricrin, and the small proline-rich (SPRR) proteins, all encoded by genes localized at human chromosome 1q21. The genetic characterization of the SPRR locus reveals that the various members of this multigene family can be classified into two distinct groups with separate evolutionary histories. Whereas group 1 genes have diverged in protein structure and are composed of three different classes (SPRR1 (2x), SPRR3, and SPRR4), an active process of gene conversion has counteracted diversification of the protein sequences of group 2 genes (SPRR2 class, seven genes). Contrasting with this homogenization process, all individual members of the SPRR gene family show specific in vivo and in vitro expression patterns and react selectively to UV irradiation. Apparently, creation of regulatory rather than structural diversity has been the driving force behind the evolution of the SPRR gene family. Differential regulation of highly homologous genes underlines the importance of SPRR protein dosage in providing optimal barrier function to different epithelia, while allowing adaptation to diverse external insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabral
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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South A. Miniaturization of medical products: the development challenge. Med Device Technol 1998; 9:30-4. [PMID: 10186975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing generation of miniaturized medical devices requires developers to re-evaluate their design processes. New products must take account of a non-technical user base, large production volumes, shorter product lifetimes and pressure to reduce production and purchasing costs. This article looks at some of the strategies design and development teams can adopt to meet those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A South
- IDEO Product Development, London, UK
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South A. Christmas sadness. Community Outlook 1988:4. [PMID: 3203514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chadwick MJ, Dajoz R, South A. Introduction to Ecology. J Appl Ecol 1978. [DOI: 10.2307/2402944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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South A, Runham NW, Hunter PJ. Terrestrial Slugs. J Appl Ecol 1972. [DOI: 10.2307/2402470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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