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Guler S, Sarbu AC, Stalder O, Allanore Y, Bernardino V, Distler J, Gabrielli A, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Matucci-Cerinic M, Müller-Ladner U, Ortiz-Santamaria V, Rednic S, Riccieri V, Smith V, Ullman S, Walker UA, Geiser TK, Distler O, Maurer B, Kollert F. Phenotyping by persistent inflammation in systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease: a EUSTAR database analysis. Thorax 2023; 78:1188-1196. [PMID: 37798114 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease with frequently associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). We aimed to determine the prognostic potential of phenotyping patients with SSc and SSc-ILD by inflammation and to describe disease trajectories stratified by inflammation and immunosuppressive treatment. METHODS Patients from the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) group cohort were allocated to persistent inflammatory, intermediate and non-inflammatory phenotypes if C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were ≥5 mg/L at ≥80%, at 20-80% and at <20% of visits, respectively. Cox regression models were used to analyse mortality risk and mixed effect models to describe trajectories of FVC and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) %-predicted stratified by inflammation and immunosuppressive treatment. RESULTS 2971 patients with SSc and 1171 patients with SSc-ILD had at least three CRP measurements available. Patients with SSc-ILD with a persistent inflammatory phenotype had a 6.7 times higher risk of mortality within 5 years compared with those with a persistent non-inflammatory phenotype (95% CI 3 to 15). In the inflammatory phenotype, FVC %-predicted was declining without (-1.11 (95% CI -2.14 to -0.08)/year), but stable with immunosuppressive treatment (-0.00 (95% CI -0.92 to 0.92)/year). In the non-inflammatory phenotype, patients with and without immunosuppressive treatment had a significant decline in FVC %-predicted, which was more pronounced in those with immunosuppressive treatment (-1.26 (95% CI -1.87 to -0.64) and -0.84 (95% CI -1.35 to -0.33)/year, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Phenotyping by persistent inflammation provides valuable prognostic information, independent of demographics, disease duration, cutaneous subtype, treatment and SSc-ILD severity. The findings from this study support early immunosuppressive treatment in patients with SSc-ILD with persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Guler
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vera Bernardino
- Internal Medicine Department 7.2, Hospital Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joerg Distler
- Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Vera Ortiz-Santamaria
- Unidad de Enfermedades Sistémicas, Reumatología, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Spain
| | - Simona Rednic
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Clinical Medicine and Therapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Susanne Ullman
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Ulrich A Walker
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kolev M, Sarbu AC, Möller B, Maurer B, Kollert F, Semmo N. Belimumab treatment in autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis - a case series. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 6:100189. [PMID: 36718275 PMCID: PMC9883290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) achieve complete remission with established treatment regiments. In patients with intolerance or insufficient response to these drugs, the remaining options are limited and novel treatment approaches necessary. In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and fibrates have improved prognosis dramatically, but there remains a proportion of patients with refractory disease.In patients with refractory AIH and/or PBC, we used a novel treatment strategy with the anti-B cell activating factor, belimumab. The first three patients had concomitant Sjögren's disease. The connecting element between all three diseases is B cell activation, including elevated levels of the B cell activating factor (BAFF). Furthermore, belimumab has been shown to be beneficial in Sjögren's disease. Aims and methods To retrospectively investigate treatment response in six patients with AIH or PBC with or without concomitant Sjögren's disease treated with the anti-BAFF therapy belimumab at the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland. Results In all three patients with AIH, belimumab improved disease control and helped by-pass or reduce problematic side effects from corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. In PBC patients (n = 3), there was no clear improvement of liver function tests, despite reduction or normalization of IgM. All patients with concomitant Sjögren's disease (n = 3) had an improvement of sicca symptoms and two out of three patients experienced an initially marked reduction in fatigue, which lessened over time. Conclusions Belimumab may be a promising treatment option for patients with AIH and further investigations are needed. In PBC however, response was not convincing. The effects on sicca symptoms and fatigue were encouraging.
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Key Words
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibodies
- ANA, anti-nuclear antibodies
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- APS, anti-phospholipid-antibody syndrome
- AZA, azathioprine
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune liver disease
- BDN, budesonide
- Belimumab
- CI, calcineurin inhibitor
- CyA, cyclosporine A
- INR, international normalized ratio
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- LC 1, liver cytosol 1 antibodies
- LKM-1, liver-kidney-microsomal antibodies
- MMF, mycophenolate mofetil
- MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- NA, not applicable
- NRH, nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PDN, prednisolone
- PLA2R, anti-phospholipase 2 receptor antibody
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- RF, rheumatoid factor
- SLA, soluble liver antigen antibodies
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMA, smooth-muscle cell antibodies
- SS-A, SS-A (Ro) antibodies
- SS-B, SS-B (La) antibodies
- Sjögren's disease
- TNFi, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, DMARDs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kolev
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland,Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland,Corresponding author. University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Lötscher F, Seitz L, Simeunovic H, Sarbu AC, Porret NA, Feldmeyer L, Borradori L, Bonadies N, Maurer B. Case Report: Genetic Double Strike: VEXAS and TET2-Positive Myelodysplastic Syndrome in a Patient With Long-Standing Refractory Autoinflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800149. [PMID: 35126364 PMCID: PMC8811255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic genetic mutations involving the innate and inflammasome signaling are key drivers of the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Herein, we present a patient, who suffered from a long-standing refractory adult-onset autoinflammatory syndrome (AIS), previously interpreted as various distinct rheumatic disorders. Developing pancytopenia and particularly macrocytic anemia prompted the screening for a hematological malignancy, which led to the diagnosis of a TET-2-positive MDS. The impressive and continuously changing range of organ involvement, with remarkable refractoriness to anti-inflammatory treatment, exceeded the common autoinflammatory phenotype of MDS patients. This prompted us to suspect a recently discovered disease, characterized by somatic mutations of the UBA1 gene: the VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) syndrome, which was ultimately confirmed by genetic testing. Reevaluation of previous bone marrow biopsies showed the presence of characteristic vacuoles in myeloid- and erythroid progenitor cells. Our case illustrates that the triad of an unresponsive multisystemic autoinflammatory disease, hematological abnormalities and vacuoles in myeloid- and erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow biopsy should prompt screening for the VEXAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Fabian Lötscher, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-9931
| | - Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helena Simeunovic
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naomi A. Porret
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Feldmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Borradori
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bonadies
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Seitz L, Christ L, Lötscher F, Scholz G, Sarbu AC, Bütikofer L, Kollert F, Schmidt WA, Reichenbach S, Villiger PM. Quantitative ultrasound to monitor the vascular response to tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5052-5059. [PMID: 34117737 PMCID: PMC8566271 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the effect of ultra-short glucocorticoids followed by Tocilizumab monotherapy on the intima-media thickness (IMT) in GCA. METHODS Eighteen GCA patients received 500 mg for 3 consecutive days (total of 1500mg) i.v. methylprednisolone on days 0-2, followed by i.v. Tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) on day 3 and thereafter weekly s.c. Tocilizumab injections (162 mg) over 52 weeks. US of temporal (TAs), axillary (AAs) and subclavian (SAs) arteries was performed at baseline, on days 2-3, and at weeks 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52. The largest IMT of all segments and IMT at landmarks of AA/SA were recorded. IMT was scaled by mean normal values and averaged. Each segment was classified according to diagnostic cut-offs. RESULTS Of the 18 GCA patients, 16 patients had TA and 6 had extracranial large artery involvement. The IMT showed a sharp decline on day 2/3 in the TAs and AAs/SAs. In TAs, this was followed by an increase to baseline levels at week 4 and a subsequent slow decrease, which was paralleled by decreasing symptoms and achievement of clinical remission. The AAs/SAs showed a new signal of vasculitis at week 4 in three patients, with an IMT increase up to week 8. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid pulse therapy induced a transient decrease of the IMT in TAs and AAs/SAs. Tocilizumab monotherapy resulted in a slow and steady decrease in IMT of the TAs and a smaller and delayed effect on the AAs/SAs. The data strongly support a remission-inducing effect of Tocilizumab and argue the case for US having an important role in monitoring disease activity in GCA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03745586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Lisa Christ
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Godehard Scholz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | | | - Florian Kollert
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Wolfgang A Schmidt
- Medical Centre for Rheumatology, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichenbach
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital
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Christ L, Seitz L, Scholz G, Sarbu AC, Amsler J, Bütikofer L, Tappeiner C, Kollert F, Reichenbach S, Villiger PM. Tocilizumab monotherapy after ultra-short glucocorticoid administration in giant cell arteritis: a single-arm, open-label, proof-of-concept study. Lancet Rheumatol 2021; 3:e619-e626. [PMID: 38287611 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two randomised controlled trials showed a glucocorticoid-sparing effect of tocilizumab in patients with giant cell arteritis. In the GUSTO trial we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab monotherapy after ultra-short-term glucocorticoid treatment in patients with new-onset giant cell arteritis. METHODS This investigator-initiated, single-arm, single-centre, open-label, proof-of-concept trial with a Simon's two stage design was done at University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland. We enrolled patients aged older than 50 years newly diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (within 4 weeks before the screening visit) satisfying the American College of Rheumatology criteria or with large vessel vasculitis-associated polymyalgia rheumatica. The participants received 500 mg methylprednisolone intravenously for 3 consecutive days. Thereafter, glucocorticoid treatment was discontinued and a single infusion of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg bodyweight) was administered intravenously, followed by weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab injections (162 mg) until week 52. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had remission within 31 days and showed no relapse at week 24. The secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with complete relapse-free remission of disease at weeks 24 and 52, and time to first remission, first relapse (after induction of remission), and first partial remission. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03745586. FINDINGS From Nov 23, 2018, to Sept 22, 2019, 18 patients were enrolled (12 of 18 were female, 18 of 18 were White) with a median age of 72 (IQR 67-75) years. Overall, 15 of 18 patients had cranial symptoms, ten of 18 had polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms, and 13 of 18 showed a positive histopathology. At the interim analysis, three (25%) of 12 patients were in remission. The null hypothesis could not be rejected, and the study was futile with respect to the primary endpoint. However, 14 (78%) of 18 patients had remission within 24 weeks (mean time to first remission 11·1 weeks, 95% CI 8·3-13·9) and 13 of 18 showed no relapses up to 52 weeks (72%, 47-90). Mean time to first partial remission was 6·2 [3·7-8·7] weeks. Time to first relapse (after induction of remission) could not be estimated as there was no relapse after induction of remission. Overall, three of 18 patients did not respond to treatment and two of 18 discontinued the study due to an adverse event (hepatopathy [one] and diverticulitis [one]). Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy occurred in one patient. INTERPRETATION The data show a slow remission-inducing and a lasting remission-maintaining effect of tocilizumab after an ultra-short pulse of glucocorticoids in patients with newly diagnosed giant cell arteritis. As a proof-of-concept study, our data do not allow us to propose clinical recommendations. FUNDING Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, and F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christ
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Godehard Scholz
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Amsler
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bütikofer
- CTU Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tappeiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Reichenbach
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Medical Center Monbijou, Bern, Switzerland.
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Sarbu AC. [Not Available]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2019; 108:699-700. [PMID: 31387500 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- 1 Departement für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern
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