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Evenson KR, Scherer E, Cuthbertson CC, Peter-Marske KM, Madson GJ, Eckman S. Data of worldwide observational studies of adults with accelerometry-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Data Brief 2023; 47:109020. [PMID: 36923018 PMCID: PMC10008916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A compendium of observational studies of adults that collected accelerometry to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior (i.e., physical behaviors) could facilitate cross-study comparisons, meta-analyses, and future research collaborations. Therefore, we performed a systematic search to identify observational studies, including surveillance systems, that collected accelerometry-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among adults. We performed a search using PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus for studies published on or before June 1, 2021. After screening 5686 abstracts and 1027 full text articles, we included 155 unique studies that collected accelerometry on at least 500 adults 18 years or older. Most studies used one accelerometer (n=146), although eight studies used two accelerometers and one study used four accelerometers. The country of data collection, age range, and accelerometer characteristics were abstracted and checked by a second reviewer. These datasets summarizing relevant observational studies of adults can be a resource to researchers seeking to identify data sources for accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Elissa Scherer
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Carmen C. Cuthbertson
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kennedy M. Peter-Marske
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Gabriel J. Madson
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stephanie Eckman
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
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Wang M, Chen X, Yang Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Huang X, Bi Y, Cao W, Deng G. Effect evaluation of case-based learning with situated cognition theory on competence training for student nurses in pediatric surgery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13427. [PMID: 36820019 PMCID: PMC9937989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The case-based learning with situated cognition theory (CBL-SCT) approach focuses on teaching over learning, making it suited to student nurse education. However, it is rare in student nurse training in pediatric surgery, and some subjective evaluations of the learning effect are still affected by the assessor. This study investigated the effect of the CBL-SCT approach on improving the nursing quality/safety and comprehensive performance of student nurses, and explored a method for analyzing the reliability of subjective evaluations. Methods Thirty-six student nurses were divided into a control group and an experimental group and received seven days of orientation via conventional and CBL-SCT training, respectively. The learning effect was evaluated via examining their implementation of nursing quality criteria within the following month and their comprehensive clinical performance after six months. Among the evaluation indicators, professional skills, job competency, and professional quality were evaluated by assessors, whose scores were tested for consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Results Among the 11 nursing quality criteria, the correct implementation of patient identification and communication (t = 2.257, P = 0.031), medication-checking (t = 5.444, P < 0.001), tumbles/bed-falling prevention (t = 3.609, P = 0.001), pressure injury prevention (t = 3.834, P = 0.001), catheter management (t = 3.409, P = 0.002), and nursing record writing (t = 2.911, P = 0.006) in the experimental group were all higher than in the control group. Six months after training, the experimental group was also higher in professional theory (t = 4.889, P < 0.001), professional skills (t = 2.736, P = 0.010), job competency (t = 5.166, P < 0.001), and professional quality (t = 16.809, P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha test verified that the assessors' evaluations had good internal consistency and reliability for job competency (alpha = 0.847, 95% CI lower limit = 0.769), professional quality (alpha = 0.840, 95% CI lower limit = 0.759), and professional skills (alpha = 0.888, 95% CI lower limit = 0.822). Conclusions The CBL-SCT method can help student nurses quickly change their nursing role, and Cronbach's alpha test can verify the reliability of subjective evaluations, thus indirectly reflecting the training effect equitably and objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuwei Yang
- Corresponding author. Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Corresponding author. Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, PR China.
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Kolev M, Sarbu AC, Möller B, Maurer B, Kollert F, Semmo N. Belimumab treatment in autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis - a case series. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 6:100189. [PMID: 36718275 PMCID: PMC9883290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) achieve complete remission with established treatment regiments. In patients with intolerance or insufficient response to these drugs, the remaining options are limited and novel treatment approaches necessary. In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and fibrates have improved prognosis dramatically, but there remains a proportion of patients with refractory disease.In patients with refractory AIH and/or PBC, we used a novel treatment strategy with the anti-B cell activating factor, belimumab. The first three patients had concomitant Sjögren's disease. The connecting element between all three diseases is B cell activation, including elevated levels of the B cell activating factor (BAFF). Furthermore, belimumab has been shown to be beneficial in Sjögren's disease. Aims and methods To retrospectively investigate treatment response in six patients with AIH or PBC with or without concomitant Sjögren's disease treated with the anti-BAFF therapy belimumab at the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland. Results In all three patients with AIH, belimumab improved disease control and helped by-pass or reduce problematic side effects from corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. In PBC patients (n = 3), there was no clear improvement of liver function tests, despite reduction or normalization of IgM. All patients with concomitant Sjögren's disease (n = 3) had an improvement of sicca symptoms and two out of three patients experienced an initially marked reduction in fatigue, which lessened over time. Conclusions Belimumab may be a promising treatment option for patients with AIH and further investigations are needed. In PBC however, response was not convincing. The effects on sicca symptoms and fatigue were encouraging.
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Key Words
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibodies
- ANA, anti-nuclear antibodies
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- APS, anti-phospholipid-antibody syndrome
- AZA, azathioprine
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune liver disease
- BDN, budesonide
- Belimumab
- CI, calcineurin inhibitor
- CyA, cyclosporine A
- INR, international normalized ratio
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- LC 1, liver cytosol 1 antibodies
- LKM-1, liver-kidney-microsomal antibodies
- MMF, mycophenolate mofetil
- MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- NA, not applicable
- NRH, nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PDN, prednisolone
- PLA2R, anti-phospholipase 2 receptor antibody
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- RF, rheumatoid factor
- SLA, soluble liver antigen antibodies
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMA, smooth-muscle cell antibodies
- SS-A, SS-A (Ro) antibodies
- SS-B, SS-B (La) antibodies
- Sjögren's disease
- TNFi, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, DMARDs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kolev
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland,Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adela-Cristina Sarbu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland,Corresponding author. University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Hagan JB, Ender E, Divekar RD, Pongdee T, Rank MA. Risk for Postmarket Black Box Warnings in FDA-Approved Monoclonal Antibodies. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:69-76. [PMID: 35024565 PMCID: PMC8724853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the potential risk for a future postmarket black box warning (BBW) of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the importance for medical clinicians to understand mAb risks and benefits, including unknown future risks, especially for recently approved mAbs. Methods The complete dates of the study were March 16, 2020, through May 12, 2021. We searched the FDALabel database online and reviewed the scientific literature to determine current and previous FDA-approved mAbs as of March 2020. The BBWs and initial FDA-issued safety warnings were identified. The BBWs were categorized as premarket or postmarket. For mAbs with specific postmarket BBWs, previous FDA labels were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of an initial corresponding specific FDA warning. Results In March 2020, a total of 83 mAbs had FDA approval; 33 had BBWs (27 premarket and 13 postmarket BBWs). Of these 33 mAbs, 55 individual specific BBWs existed (36 premarket and 19 postmarket specific warnings). On average, the specific BBWs occurred in the postmarket period at a rate of 3.4% (19/562) per year. Most (73.7%; 14/19) specific postmarket BBWs were preceded by an FDA warning in a median time of 3.61 (interquartile range, 1.36-5.78) years. Specific postmarket BBWs not preceded by a specific FDA product label warning occurred at an average rate of 0.9% (5/562) per year. Conclusion Specific postmarket BBWs occurred in FDA-approved mAbs at a rate of 3.4% per year. Specific postmarket BBWs not preceded by a specific FDA product label warning had a rate of 0.9% per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Hagan
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Correspondence: Address to John B. Hagan, MD, Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
| | - Elizabeth Ender
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI
| | | | - Thanai Pongdee
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew A. Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive epithelial malignancies that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Albeit rare, their incidence and mortality rates have been rising steadily over the past 40 years, highlighting the need to improve current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. BTCs show high inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity both at the morphological and molecular level. Such complex heterogeneity poses a substantial obstacle to effective interventions. It is widely accepted that the observed heterogeneity may be the result of a complex interplay of different elements, including risk factors, distinct molecular alterations and multiple potential cells of origin. The use of genetic lineage tracing systems in experimental models has identified cholangiocytes, hepatocytes and/or progenitor-like cells as the cells of origin of BTCs. Genomic evidence in support of the distinct cell of origin hypotheses is growing. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the histopathological subtyping of BTCs, discuss current genomic evidence and outline lineage tracing studies that have contributed to the current knowledge surrounding the cell of origin of these tumours.
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Key Words
- ARID1A, AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A
- BAP1, BRCA1-associated protein 1
- BRAF, v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B
- BTC, biliary tract cancer
- Biliary tract cancers
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- CDKN2A/B, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B
- CK, cytokeratin
- CLC, cholangiolocarcinoma
- Cell of origin
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- CoH, Canal of Hering
- DCR, disease control rate
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERBB2/3, Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2/3
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- FGFR2, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2
- GBC, gallbladder cancer
- GEMM, genetically engineered mouse models
- Genomics
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPCs, hepatic progenitor cells
- IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- KRAS, Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog
- Lineage tracing
- MET, Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
- MST1, Macrophage Stimulating 1
- NA, not applicable
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- NR, not reported
- NTRK, Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PBG, peribiliary gland
- PFS, progression- free survival
- PIK3CA, Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha
- PLC, primary liver cancer
- PRKACA/B, Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha/Beta
- PROM1, Prominin 1
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Personalized therapy
- RNF43, Ring Finger Protein 43
- SMAD4, SMAD Family Member 4
- TBG, thyroid binding globulin
- TP53, Tumor Protein P53
- WHO, World Health Organization
- dCCA, distal cholangiocarcinoma
- eCCA, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- iCCA, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- mo, months
- pCCA, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Agrin Moeini
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - Philipp K Haber
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Sia
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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van Veenendaal NR, van Kempen AA, Franck LS, O'Brien K, Limpens J, van der Lee JH, van Goudoever JB, van der Schoor SR. Hospitalising preterm infants in single family rooms versus open bay units: A systematic review and meta-analysis of impact on parents. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 23:100388. [PMID: 32548575 PMCID: PMC7284081 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parents develop stress-related symptoms and depression when their preterm infant is hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth. We reviewed the evidence of parent well-being with preterm infants hospitalised in single family rooms (SFRs) or in open bay neonatal units (OBUs). METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) databases from inception through 22 November 2019 using controlled terms and text words related to prematurity and NICU-design. We included randomised and non-randomised studies comparing outcomes in parents with preterm infants admitted to SFRs or OBUs. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool for randomised controlled trials and the Risk of Bias Tool for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Outcomes included: parental stress, satisfaction, participation (presence/involvement/skin-to-skin care), self-efficacy, parent-infant-bonding, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, empowerment, and degree of family-centred care. Summary estimates were calculated using random effects models with standardised mean differences (SMDs). PROSPERO registration: CRD42016050643. FINDINGS We identified 614 unique publications. Eleven study populations (1, 850 preterm infants, 1, 549 mothers and 379 fathers) were included. All but one study were at serious to critical risk of bias. SFRs were associated with higher levels of parental presence, involvement, and skin-to-skin care. Upon discharge, SFRs were associated with lower stress levels (n = 828 parents, SMD-0·30,95%CI -0·50;-0·09, p<0·004, I2=46%), specifically NICU-related stress (n = 573, SMD-0·42,95%CI -0·61;-0·23, p<0·0001, I2=0%). In majority of studies higher levels of empowerment, family-centred care, and satisfaction was present with SFRs. No differences were found for anxiety, parent-infant bonding, or self-efficacy. Depression was high (up to 29%) but not different between settings. No studies described post-traumatic stress. INTERPRETATION Single family rooms seem to facilitate parental presence, involvement, skin-to-skin care, and reduce NICU-related parental stress.
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Key Words
- AA, at admission
- BA, before-after study
- BDI, Beck Depression Inventory
- CI, confidence interval
- EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
- FCC, Family-Centred Care
- FCCS, Family-Centred Care Survey
- MPAS, Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale
- Mo, months
- NA, not applicable
- NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- NR, not reported
- NRPI, non-randomised prospective intervention study
- NRRI, non-randomised retrospective intervention study
- OBU, Open Bay Unit
- PES, Parent Expectations Scale
- PG, Press Ganey NICU Survey
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
- PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
- PSI, Parental Stress Index
- PSS-NICU, Parental Stressor Scale – NICU
- RCT, Randomised Controlled Trial
- ROBINS-I, Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions
- RoB, Risk of Bias
- SD, standard deviation
- SFR, Single Family Room
- SMD, standardised mean difference
- SPSQ, Swedish Parental Stress Index
- STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
- Wks, weeks
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. van Veenendaal
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Linda S. Franck
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karel O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H. van der Lee
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lourens S, Sunjaya DB, Singal A, Liangpunsakul S, Puri P, Sanyal A, Ren X, Gores GJ, Radaeva S, Chalasani N, Crabb DW, Katz B, Kamath PS, Shah VH. Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis: Natural History and Predictors of Mortality Using a Multicenter Prospective Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2017; 1:37-48. [PMID: 30225400 PMCID: PMC6134907 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the natural history of acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and identify predictors of mortality for AH using data from a prospective multicenter observational study. Participants and Methods We analyzed data from 164 patients with AH and 131 heavy-drinking controls with no liver disease. Participants underwent clinical/laboratory assessment at baseline and 6 and 12 months after enrollment. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify variables associated with mortality and examine the association between coffee drinking and risk of AH. Results Thirty-six patients with AH died during follow-up, with estimated 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year survival of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.87), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68-0.83), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, higher serum bilirubin level (hazard ratio [HR]=1.059; 95% CI, 1.022-1.089), lower hemoglobin level (HR=1.263; 95% CI, 1.012-1.575), and lower platelet count (HR=1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.012) were independently associated with mortality in AH. Compared with controls, fewer patients with AH regularly consumed coffee (20% vs 44%; P<.001), and this association between regular coffee drinking and lower risk of AH persisted after controlling for relevant covariates (odds ratio=0.26; 95% CI, 0.15-0.46). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; Maddrey Discriminant Function; age, serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and serum creatinine; and Child-Pugh scores all provided similar discrimination performance at 30 days (area under the curve=0.73-0.77). Conclusion Alcoholic hepatitis remains highly fatal, with 1-year mortality of 25%. Regular coffee consumption was associated with lower risk of AH in heavy drinkers.
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Key Words
- ABIC, age, serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and serum creatinine
- AH, alcoholic hepatitis
- AIC, Akaike Information Criterion
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, area under the curve
- BMI, body mass index
- CP, Child-Pugh
- HR, hazard ratio
- INR, international normalized ratio
- IQR, interquartile range
- MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
- NA, not applicable
- OR, odds ratio
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- STOPAH, Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis
- TREAT, Translational Research and Evolving Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment
- WBC, white blood cell
- mDF, Maddrey Discriminant Function
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Lourens
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dharma B. Sunjaya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ashwani Singal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Eskenazi Health Hospital, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David W. Crabb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Eskenazi Health Hospital, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Barry Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Patrick S. Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Correspondence: Address to Vijay H. Shah, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
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Alrowais NA, Alyousefi NA. The prevalence extent of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use among Saudis. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:306-318. [PMID: 28344484 PMCID: PMC5357106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is worldwide interest in the use of CAM. Studying CAM in Saudi population is important as it will reflect the influence of psychosocial, cultural and religious factors on health beliefs and behaviors. The objective of this study was to present an updated review on the use of CAM practices in Saudi Arabia including commonly used types, common conditions for which it has been used and who uses CAM. Methods: This review used data from national surveys conducted in Saudi Arabia and published between 2000 and 2015. The literature search was performed considering standards adopted such as Moose guidelines for observational studies. Two authors independently reviewed each article. The search yielded 73 articles, and a total of 36 articles were included. Further careful data extraction was carried out by two independents reviewers. Results: Most of the reviewed studies were cross-sectional in design and were published between 2014 and 2015, and mostly in Riyadh region. Substantial difference in the findings for the patterns of CAM use was revealed. The most commonly employed practice was of spiritual type such as prayer and reciting Quran alone or on water. Other types include herbs (8-76%), honey (14-73%) and dietary products (6-82%). Cupping (Alhijamah) was least used (4-45%). Acupuncture was more practiced among professionals. Conclusion: The utilization of CAM is widely practiced in Saudi Arabia. There is need for efforts to promote research in the field of CAM to address each practice individually. Population surveys should be encouraged supported by mass media to raise knowledge and awareness about the practice of different CAM modalities. The national center of CAM should play a major role in these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah A. Alrowais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Forbes ML, Kumar VR, Yogev R, Wu X, Robbie GJ, Ambrose CS. Serum palivizumab level is associated with decreased severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2789-94. [PMID: 25483663 PMCID: PMC5443068 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monthly doses of palivizumab, an RSV-specific monoclonal antibody, reduce RSV-related hospitalizations (RSVH) in high-risk children; however, no specific palivizumab level has been correlated with disease severity in humans. A post hoc analysis of a previous randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the relationship between serum palivizumab level at the time of RSVH and disease severity. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission was the primary severity marker. Relationships were evaluated between disease severity and gestational age, age at enrollment, age at RSVH, presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sex, race, multiple birth, household smoking, daycare attendance, sibling(s), family history of atopy, duration between most recent palivizumab dose and RSVH, and palivizumab level at RSVH. Forty-two (87.5%) of 48 palivizumab recipients with RSVH had palivizumab levels drawn; 11 were admitted to the PICU. Mean palivizumab levels were lower in PICU-admitted subjects (47.2 μg/mL) vs. non-PICU subjects (98.7 μg/mL; P < 0.0001); there were no statistically significant differences in other variables examined. The probability of PICU admission declined with higher palivizumab levels; there were no PICU admissions with levels ≥ 92 μg/mL. In multivariate analyses, palivizumab level was the only independent predictor of PICU admission (P = 0.009). Palivizumab level also correlated with duration of RSVH and PICU stay, supplemental oxygen use and duration, and mechanical ventilation use and duration (P < 0.05). Higher palivizumab level was associated with decreased disease severity in high-risk infants with RSVH. Findings suggest that palivizumab level has clinical relevance, and adherence to timely monthly dosing may confer additional protection among high-risk children receiving palivizumab.
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Key Words
- BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- DOMV, duration of mechanical ventilation
- GA, gestational age
- IMpact-RSV study
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MV, mechanical ventilation
- NA, not applicable
- PICU, pediatric intensive care unit
- PICU-LOS, length of stay in the PICU
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
- RSV-related hospitalization
- RSVH, RSV-related hospitalization
- RSVH-LOS, length of stay for RSV-related hospitalization
- SD, standard deviation
- palivizumab
- pediatric intensive care unit
- respiratory syncytial virus
- serum palivizumab level
- severe RSV disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Forbes
- a Department of Pediatrics ; Akron Children's Hospital ; Akron , OH USA
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Silfverdal SA, Assudani D, Kuriyakose S, Van Der Meeren O. Immunological persistence in 5 y olds previously vaccinated with hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib at 3, 5, and 11 months of age. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2795-8. [PMID: 25483640 PMCID: PMC5443106 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.970494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-poliomyelitis/Haemophilus influenza vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib: Infanrix™ hexa, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) is used for primary vaccination of infants in a range of schedules world-wide. Antibody persistence after 4 DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib doses in the first 2 y of life has been documented, but long-term persistence data following the 3, 5, 11–12 months (3–5–11) infant vaccination schedule, employed for example in Nordic countries, are limited. We assessed antibody persistence in 57 5-year-old children who had received either DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib or DTPa-IPV/Hib (Infanrix™-IPV/Hib, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) in the 3–5–11 schedule. Among DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib recipients, 7/12 retained seroprotective antibody concentrations for diphtheria, 10/12 for tetanus, 5/12 for hepatitis and 10/12 for Hib. Detectable antibodies were observed for 0/12 children for pertussis toxin (PT), 12/12 for filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and 8/12 for pertactin (PRN). Among DTPa-IPV/Hib recipients, 28/45 retained seroprotective anti-diphtheria concentrations, 34/44 for tetanus and 40/45 for Hib. Detectable antibodies were observed for 9/45 children for PT, 41/45 for FHA and 34/45 for PRN. Antibody persistence in DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib and DTPa-IPV/Hib-vaccinees appeared similar in 5 y olds to that previously observed in children of a similar age who had received 4 prior doses of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib (or DTPa-IPV/Hib). As in subjects primed with 4 prior doses, we observed that antibodies markedly declined by 5 y of age, calling for the administration of a pre-school booster dose in order to ensure continued protection against pertussis.
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib, - diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- DTPa-IPV/Hib, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- FHA, filamentous haemagglutinin
- GMC, geometric mean antibody concentration
- HBs, anti-hepatitis B surface antigen
- Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b
- NA, not applicable
- PRN, pertactin
- PRP, polyribosylribitol phosphate
- PT, pertussis toxin
- antibody persistence
- booster
- vaccination schedule
- vaccine
- μg/ml, micrograms per milliliter
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Silfverdal
- a Department of Clinical Sciences; Pediatrics ; Umeå University ; Umeå , Sweden
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11
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Stark MS, Klein K, Weide B, Haydu LE, Pflugfelder A, Tang YH, Palmer JM, Whiteman DC, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Thompson JF, Long GV, Barbour AP, Soyer HP, Garbe C, Herington A, Pollock PM, Hayward NK. The Prognostic and Predictive Value of Melanoma-related MicroRNAs Using Tissue and Serum: A MicroRNA Expression Analysis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:671-80. [PMID: 26288839 PMCID: PMC4534690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall 5-year survival for melanoma is 91%. However, if distant metastasis occurs (stage IV), cure rates are < 15%. Hence, melanoma detection in earlier stages (stages I–III) maximises the chances of patient survival. We measured the expression of a panel of 17 microRNAs (miRNAs) (MELmiR-17) in melanoma tissues (stage III; n = 76 and IV; n = 10) and serum samples (collected from controls with no melanoma, n = 130; and patients with melanoma (stages I/II, n = 86; III, n = 50; and IV, n = 119)) obtained from biobanks in Australia and Germany. In melanoma tissues, members of the ‘MELmiR-17’ panel were found to be predictors of stage, recurrence, and survival. Additionally, in a minimally-invasive blood test, a seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma (relative to controls) with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%) when ≥ 4 miRNAs were expressed. Moreover, the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel characterised overall survival of melanoma patients better than both serum LDH and S100B (delta log likelihood = 11, p < 0.001). This panel was found to be superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival; and would be ideally suited to monitor tumour progression in patients diagnosed with early metastatic disease (stages IIIa–c/IV M1a–b) to detect relapse following surgical or adjuvant treatment. A seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%). In serially collected stage IV specimens, members of the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel confirmed tumour progression in 100% of cases. The ‘MELmiR-7’ panel is superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival.
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Key Words
- AGO2, argonaute RISC catalytic component 2
- AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer
- AUC, area under the curve
- AUROC, area under the receiver operator curve
- Biomarker
- CI, confidence interval
- Ct, threshold cycle
- DOR, diagnostic odds ratio
- Diagnostic
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- HR, hazard ratio
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M1a, metastasis to skin, subcutaneous (below the skin) tissue, or lymph nodes in distant parts of the body, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1b, metastasis to the lungs, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1c, metastasis to any other organs, OR distant spread to any site along with an elevated blood LDH level
- MIA, Melanoma Institute of Australia
- Melanoma
- MiRNA
- MicroRNA
- N stage, nodal or number of lymph nodes stage
- NA, not applicable
- NM, nodular melanoma
- OR, odds ratio
- PD1, programmed cell death protein
- Prognostic
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- S100B, S100 calcium-binding protein B
- SMM, superficial spreading melanoma
- USA, United States of America
- miR, microRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Stark
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kerenaftali Klein
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Pflugfelder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany ; Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yue Hang Tang
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Herington
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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12
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Conde-Moreno AJ, García-Gómez R, Albert-Antequera M, Almendros-Blanco P, De Las Peñas-Bataller R, González-Vidal V, López-Torrecilla JL, Ferrer-Albiach C. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy plus bevacizumab after response to bevacizumab plus irinotecan as a rescue treatment for high-grade gliomas. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2015; 20:231-8. [PMID: 25949228 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the possibility of implementing a new scheme of rescue treatment after relapse or progression of high-grade glioma (HGG) treated at the first-line with bevacizumab and irinotecan (BVZ+CPT11), evaluating the response and toxicity of associating BVZ and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (BVZ+FSRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed data from 59 patients with relapse of HGG. Nine patients with HGG relapse after treatment using the Stupp protocol that were treated with BVZ+CPT11 for progression between July 2007 and August 2012, after which the response was assessed according to the Revised Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. BVZ was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg and FSRT up to a prescribed dose of 30 Gy, 500 cGy per fraction, three days a week. The median follow-up was 38 months. RESULTS The treatment was well-tolerated by all patients. The response after nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3-6 months was progression in two patients, stable disease in four, and three patients had a partial response. The median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis until death or the last control was 36.8 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.8 months. The results from tumour sub-group analysis indicated that the PFS was not statistically significant although it seemed that it was higher in grade-III. The OS was higher in grade-III gliomas. CONCLUSIONS The combination of BVZ+FSRT as a second-line HGG relapse rescue treatment is well-tolerated and seems to offer promising results. We believe that multi-centre prospective studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and toxicity of this therapeutic approach.
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Key Words
- ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology
- BVZ, bevacizumab
- Bevacizumab
- CAT, computed axial tomography
- CI, confidence interval
- CPT11, irinotecan
- CR, complete response
- CTCAE, common terminology criteria for adverse events
- FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- FSRT, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
- Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
- GTV, gross tumour volume
- HGG, high-grade glioma
- HR, hazard ratio
- High-grade glioma
- KPS, Karnofsky Performance Scale
- MGMT, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NA, not applicable
- OS, overall survival
- PD, progressive disease
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PR, partial response
- PTV, planning target volume
- RANO, revised Assessment in Neuro-Oncology
- Rescue treatment
- SD, stable disease
- SEOM, Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica
- SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery
- TMZ, temozolomide
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Doctor Clarà 19, 12002 Castellón, Spain
| | - María Albert-Antequera
- Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Doctor Clarà 19, 12002 Castellón, Spain
| | - Piedad Almendros-Blanco
- Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Doctor Clarà 19, 12002 Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Verónica González-Vidal
- Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Doctor Clarà 19, 12002 Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ferrer-Albiach
- Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Doctor Clarà 19, 12002 Castellón, Spain
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13
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Vázquez-Martínez ER, Varela-Fascinetto G, García-Delgado C, Rodríguez-Espino BA, Sánchez-Boiso A, Valencia-Mayoral P, Heller-Rosseau S, Pelcastre-Luna EL, Zenteno JC, Cerbón M, Morán-Barroso VF. Polymorphism analysis and new JAG1 gene mutations of Alagille syndrome in Mexican population. Meta Gene 2013; 2:32-40. [PMID: 25606387 PMCID: PMC4287796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is a multisystem disorder with an autosomic dominant pattern of inheritance that affects the liver, heart, eyes, kidneys, skeletal system and presents characteristic facial features. Mutations of the JAG1 gene have been identified in 20–89% of the patients with Alagille syndrome, this gene encodes for a ligand that activates the Notch signaling pathway. In the present study we analyzed 9 Mexican patients with Alagille syndrome who presented the clinical criteria for the classical presentation of the disease. By using the denaturing high performance liquid chromatography mutation analysis we were able to identify different mutations in 7 of the patients (77.77%), importantly, we found 5 novel mutations in JAG1 gene. The allelic frequency distribution of 13 polymorphisms in Mexican population is also reported. The overall results demonstrated an expanding mutational spectrum of JAG1 gene in the Mexican population.
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Key Words
- AA, African American
- ALGS, Alagille syndrome
- Alagille syndrome
- CEU, Utah Residents with Northern and Western European Ancestry
- CHB, Han Chinese in Beijing, China
- CI, confidence interval
- DHPLC, Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography
- DSL, Delta-Serrate-Lag2 domain
- EA, European American
- ESP, Exome Sequencing Project
- HGMD, The Human Gene Mutation Database
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
- JAG1 mutations
- JAG1, Gene coding for JAGGED1 protein
- JPT, Japanese in Tokyo, Japan
- LOVD, Leiden Open Variation Database
- MAF, minor allele frequency
- MEX, Mexican population
- MIM, Mendelian Inheritance in Man
- Mexican patients
- NA, not applicable
- ND, not determined
- NMD, Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay
- NOTCH2, gene coding for NOTCH2 protein
- OR, odds ratio
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- YRI, Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria
- dbSNP, The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database
- kb, kilobase(s) or 1000 bp
- mutDB, mutDB Polymorphism Database
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal C.P. 04510, México
| | - Gustavo Varela-Fascinetto
- Department of Transplantation, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | - Constanza García-Delgado
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | - Benjamín Antonio Rodríguez-Espino
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | - Adriana Sánchez-Boiso
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | - Pedro Valencia-Mayoral
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | - Solange Heller-Rosseau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
| | | | - Juan C. Zenteno
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal C.P. 04510, México
- Genetics Department and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana”, Chimalpopoca 14 Colonia Obrera, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06800, México
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, Delegación Coyoacán, Distrito Federal C.P. 04510, México
| | - Verónica Fabiola Morán-Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal C.P. 06720, México
- Corresponding author at: Departamento de Genética, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Distrito Federal, C.P. 06720, México. Tel.: + 52 55 52 28 99 17x2344.
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