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Soubry A. O-011 You are what your father ate- epigenetic implications. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab125.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An unhealthy life style, obesity and excess of dietary fats or chronic consumption of processed foods create a harmful environment for sperm health. In the current presentation our most recent findings will be presented on male exposures related to an unhealthy life style and the effects measured on clinical sperm and/or embryo parameters in humans. Next, epigenetic implications will be shown from male obesity, “healthy” and “unhealthy” foods and other related determinants (such as advanced age) before conception. Our results lend support for the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility in life. If the acquired epigenetic signatures are passed down to the next generation(s) this may affect future health.
Our data are based on human studies, including the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) cohort, The Influence of the Environment on Gametic Epigenetic Reprogramming (TIEGER) study and the Epigenetic Legacy of Paternal Obesity (ELPO) cohort.
In brief, we found that consumption of healthy food items, such as vegetables, fruits and nuts, is positively related to total motile sperm count (TMC), while consumption of fast foods (such as fries) is associated with lower TMC. Frequent consumption of fast foods (incl. pizza and fries) is associated with opposing effects on DNA methylation patterns at the DMRs of imprinted genes (such as IGF2 and MEG3-IG), compared to dietary patterns rich in whole grains and vegetables. These results correspond to our findings in sperm from obese versus non-obese men, and are in line with our earlier findings in children from obese fathers. While this talk will be a compilation and comparison of our research findings, it will also serve as a base for guidance and counselling in infertility.
Our results fit our new concept of the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD), where the role of the father has been suggested in disease development of his future offspring. If better understood, tailored dietary changes may positively shape the human sperm epigenetic profile and future programming of offspring health.
Trial registration number
Study funding
Funding source
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Public Health and Primary Care\rFaculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
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Van Opstal J, Fieuws S, Spiessens C, Soubry A. Male age interferes with embryo growth in IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:107-115. [PMID: 33164068 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does male age affect embryo growth or quality in couples undergoing IVF treatment? SUMMARY ANSWER Advanced paternal age (APA) is negatively associated with the chance of an optimal eight-cell embryo on the third day of development. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Literature shows that APA is associated with decreased sperm quality and fecundity. However, the effect of male age on embryo growth in an IVF setting remains inconclusive. Literature concerning male influences on IVF success is scarce and approaches used to analyse embryo outcomes differ by study. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was part of the longitudinal Epigenetic Legacy of Paternal Obesity (ELPO) study for which fathers and mothers were followed from pre-pregnancy until the birth of their child. Couples were recruited from April 2015 to September 2017. A total of 1057 embryos from 87 couples were studied. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Dutch-speaking couples planning to undergo an IVF treatment were recruited at the Leuven University Fertility Center in Flanders, Belgium. Anthropometrics were documented and compared to the general Flemish population. Semen characteristics, pregnancy rates and the following embryo characteristics were recorded: number of blastomeres, symmetry and percentage fragmentation. Statistical modelling was applied taking into account correlation of within-cycle outcomes and use of multiple cycles per couple. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed a significant inverse association between APA and a key determinant for scoring of embryo quality: older men were less likely to produce an embryo of eight blastomeres at Day 3, compared to younger fathers; odds ratio for the effect of 1 year equals 0.960 (95% CI: 0.930-0.991; P = 0.011). Our finding remained significant after adjusting for female age and male and female BMI. Degree of fragmentation and symmetry were not significantly related to male age. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Because of the study's small sample size and its monocentric nature, a larger study is warranted to confirm our results. In addition, distribution of BMI and level of education were not representative of the general Flemish population. Although we corrected for BMI status, we do not exclude that obesity may be one of the determinants of infertility in our study population. Furthermore, it is known from other European countries that a higher education eases access to fertility treatment. Hence, caution should be taken when interpreting our findings from a fertility setting to the general population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We suggest a heightened need for future research into male age and its potential effects on embryo growth, embryo quality and ART outcomes. Clinical decision-making and preventative public health programmes would benefit from a better understanding of the role of men, carried forward by the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm. We hope the current finding will encourage others to examine the role of the sperm epigenome in embryo development according to paternal age. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a research grant from KU Leuven University (OT/14/109). The authors declare no competing financial, professional or personal interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER KU Leuven S57378 (ML11309), B322201523225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Van Opstal
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- L-Biostat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Carl Spiessens
- Leuven University Fertility Clinic, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Keyhan S, Burke E, Schrott R, Huang Z, Grenier C, Price T, Raburn D, Corcoran DL, Soubry A, Hoyo C, Murphy SK. Male obesity impacts DNA methylation reprogramming in sperm. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:17. [PMID: 33494820 PMCID: PMC7831195 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male obesity has profound effects on morbidity and mortality, but relatively little is known about the impact of obesity on gametes and the potential for adverse effects of male obesity to be passed to the next generation. DNA methylation contributes to gene regulation and is erased and re-established during gametogenesis. Throughout post-pubertal spermatogenesis, there are continual needs to both maintain established methylation and complete DNA methylation programming, even during epididymal maturation. This dynamic epigenetic landscape may confer increased vulnerability to environmental influences, including the obesogenic environment, that could disrupt reprogramming fidelity. Here we conducted an exploratory analysis that showed that overweight/obesity (n = 20) is associated with differences in mature spermatozoa DNA methylation profiles relative to controls with normal BMI (n = 47). RESULTS We identified 3264 CpG sites in human sperm that are significantly associated with BMI (p < 0.05) using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. These CpG sites were significantly overrepresented among genes involved in transcriptional regulation and misregulation in cancer, nervous system development, and stem cell pluripotency. Analysis of individual sperm using bisulfite sequencing of cloned alleles revealed that the methylation differences are present in a subset of sperm rather than being randomly distributed across all sperm. CONCLUSIONS Male obesity is associated with altered sperm DNA methylation profiles that appear to affect reprogramming fidelity in a subset of sperm, suggestive of an influence on the spermatogonia. Further work is required to determine the potential heritability of these DNA methylation alterations. If heritable, these changes have the potential to impede normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keyhan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Emily Burke
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, 27710, USA
| | - Rose Schrott
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, 501 W. Main Street, Suite 510, The Chestefield Building, PO Box 90534, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Duke University Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, 501 W. Main Street, Suite 510, The Chestefield Building, PO Box 90534, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Carole Grenier
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, 501 W. Main Street, Suite 510, The Chestefield Building, PO Box 90534, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Thomas Price
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Doug Raburn
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, 2000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27633, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, 501 W. Main Street, Suite 510, The Chestefield Building, PO Box 90534, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. .,Duke University Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Soubry A, Murphy SK, Vansant G, He Y, Price TM, Hoyo C. Opposing Epigenetic Signatures in Human Sperm by Intake of Fast Food Versus Healthy Food. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:625204. [PMID: 33967953 PMCID: PMC8103543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.625204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments have demonstrated that diets high in fats create a harmful environment for developing sperm cells, contributing to impaired reproductive health and induced risk for chronic diseases in the next generation. Changes at the level of the epigenome have been suggested to underlie these observations. Human data are limited to verify this hypothesis. While we earlier demonstrated a link between male obesity and DNA methylation changes at imprinted genes in mature sperm cells and newborns, it is currently unknown if -or how- a paternal eating pattern (related to obesity) is related to indices for epigenetic inheritance. We here aim to examine a yet unexplored link between consumption of healthy (rich in vitamins and fibers) or unhealthy ("fast") foods and methylation at imprint regulatory regions in DNA of sperm. We obtained semen and data from 67 men, as part of a North Carolina-based study: The Influence of the Environment on Gametic Epigenetic Reprogramming (TIEGER) study. Dietary data included intake of fruits/nuts, vegetables/soups, whole grain bread, meat, seafood/fish, and fatty or processed food items. Multiple regression models were used to explore the association between dietary habits and clinical sperm parameters as well as DNA methylation levels, quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing at 12 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the following imprinted genes: GRB10, IGF2, H19, MEG3, NDN, NNAT, PEG1/MEST, PEG3, PLAGL1, SNRPN, and SGCE/PEG10. After adjusting for age, obesity status and recruitment method, we found that Total Motile Count (TMC) was significantly higher if men consumed fruits/nuts (β=+6.9, SE=1.9, p=0.0005) and vegetables (β=+5.4, SE=1.9, p=0.006), whereas consumption of fries was associated with lower TMC (β=-20.2, SE=8.7, p=0.024). Semen volume was also higher if vegetables or fruits/nuts were frequently consumed (β=+0.06, SE=0.03, p=0.03). Similarly, our sperm epigenetic analyses showed opposing associations for healthy versus fast food items. Frequent consumption of fries was related to a higher chance of sperm being methylated at the MEG3-IG CpG4 site (OR=1.073, 95%CI: 1.035-1.112), and high consumption of vegetables was associated with a lower risk of DNA methylation at the NNAT CpG3 site (OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.914-0.968). These results remained significant after adjusting for multiple testing. We conclude that dietary habits are linked to sperm epigenetic outcomes. If carried into the next generation paternal unhealthy dietary patterns may result in adverse metabolic conditions and increased risk for chronic diseases in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven—University, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Adelheid Soubry,
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Greet Vansant
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven—University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yang He
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven—University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas M. Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Van Cauwenbergh O, Di Serafino A, Tytgat J, Soubry A. Transgenerational epigenetic effects from male exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds: a systematic review on research in mammals. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:65. [PMID: 32398147 PMCID: PMC7218615 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing long-term health effects from a potentially harmful environment is challenging. Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have become omnipresent in our environment. Individuals may or may not experience clinical health issues from being exposed to the increasing environmental pollution in daily life, but an issue of high concern is that also the non-exposed progeny may encounter consequences of these ancestral exposures. Progress in understanding epigenetic mechanisms opens new perspectives to estimate the risk of man-made EDCs. However, the field of epigenetic toxicology is new and its application in public health or in the understanding of disease etiology is almost non-existent, especially if it concerns future generations. In this review, we investigate the literature on transgenerational inheritance of diseases, published in the past 10 years. We question whether persistent epigenetic changes occur in the male germ line after exposure to synthesized EDCs. Our systematic search led to an inclusion of 43 articles, exploring the effects of commonly used synthetic EDCs, such as plasticizers (phthalates and bisphenol A), pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, atrazine, vinclozin, methoxychlor), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, such as benzo(a)pyrene). Most studies found transgenerational epigenetic effects, often linked to puberty- or adult-onset diseases, such as testicular or prostate abnormalities, metabolic disorders, behavioral anomalies, and tumor development. The affected epigenetic mechanisms included changes in DNA methylation patterns, transcriptome, and expression of DNA methyltransferases. Studies involved experiments in animal models and none were based on human data. In the future, human studies are needed to confirm animal findings. If not transgenerational, at least intergenerational human studies and studies on EDC-induced epigenetic effects on germ cells could help to understand early processes of inheritance. Next, toxicity tests of new chemicals need a more comprehensive approach before they are introduced on the market. We further point to the relevance of epigenetic toxicity tests in regard to public health of the current population but also of future generations. Finally, this review sheds a light on how the interplay of genetics and epigenetics may explain the current knowledge gap on transgenerational inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Van Cauwenbergh
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Di Serafino
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
The growing field of 'Developmental Origin of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) generally reflects environmental influences from mother to child. The importance of maternal lifestyle, diet and other environmental exposures before and during gestation period is well recognized. However, few epidemiological designs explore potential influences from the paternal environment on offspring health. This is surprising given that numerous animal models have provided evidence that the paternal environment plays a role in a non-genetic inheritance of pre-conceptional exposures through the male germ line. Recent findings in humans suggest that the epigenome of sperm cells can indeed be affected by paternal exposures. Defects in epigenetic sperm mechanisms may result in persistent modifications, affecting male fertility or offspring health status. We addressed this issue at the LATSIS Symposium 'Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Impact for Biology and Society', in Zürich, 28-30 August 2017, and here provide important arguments why environmental and lifestyle-related exposures in young men should be studied. The Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm was introduced to stress the need for more research on the role of the father in the transmission of acquired environmental messages from his environment to his offspring. A better understanding of pre-conceptional origins of disease through the paternal exposome will be informative to the field of transgenerational epigenetics and will ultimately help instruct and guide public health policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven – University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Houfflyn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Soubry A. Epigenetics as a Driver of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Did We Forget the Fathers? Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29168895 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What are the effects of our environment on human development and the next generation? Numerous studies have provided ample evidence that a healthy environment and lifestyle of the mother is important for her offspring. Biological mechanisms underlying these environmental influences have been proposed to involve alterations in the epigenome. Is there enough evidence to suggest a similar contribution from the part of the father? Animal models provide proof of a transgenerational epigenetic effect through the paternal germ line, but can this be translated to humans? To date, literature on fathers is scarce. Human studies do not always incorporate appropriate tools to evaluate paternal influences or epigenetic effects. In reviewing the literature, I stress the need to explore and recognize paternal contributions to offspring's health within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, and coin this new concept the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease paradigm (POHaD). A better understanding of preconceptional origins of disease through the totality of paternal exposures, or the paternal exposome, will provide evidence-based public health recommendations for future fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Brouckaert O, Van Asten K, Laenen A, Soubry A, Smeets A, Nevelstreen I, Vergote I, Wildiers H, Paridaens R, Van Limbergen E, Weltens C, Moerman P, Floris G, Neven P. Body mass index, age at breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer subtype: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:189-196. [PMID: 29159760 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that premenopausal obesity decreases and postmenopausal obesity increases breast cancer risk. Because it is not well known whether this is subtype dependent, we studied the association between body mass index (BMI) and age at breast cancer diagnosis, or the probability of being diagnosed with a specific breast cancer phenotype, by menopausal status. METHODS All patients with non-metastatic operable breast cancer from the University Hospital Leuven diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2013 were included (n = 7020) in this cross-sectional study. Linear models and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Allowing correction for age-related BMI-increase, we used the age-adjusted BMI score which equals the difference between a patient's BMI score and the population-average BMI score corresponding to the patient's age category. RESULTS The quadratic relationship between the age-adjusted BMI and age at breast cancer diagnosis (p = 0.0207) interacted with menopausal status (p < 0.0001); increased age at breast cancer diagnosis was observed with above-average BMI scores in postmenopausal women, and with below-average BMI scores in premenopausal women. BMI was linearly related to the probabilities of Luminal B and HER2-like breast cancer phenotypes, but only in postmenopausal women. The relative changes in probabilities between both these subtypes mirrored each other. CONCLUSION BMI associates differently before and after menopause with age at breast cancer diagnosis and with the probability that breast cancer belongs to a certain phenotype. The opposite effect of increasing BMI on relative frequencies of Luminal B and HER2-like breast cancers suggests a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Brouckaert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jan Yperman Hospital, briekestraat 12, 8900, Ypres, Belgium.
| | - K Van Asten
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - A Laenen
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT-SISTA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteel park Arenberg 10, 3001 LEUVEN, Louvain, Belgium
| | - A Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucyijnenvoer 35 blok d, box 7001, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - A Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - I Nevelstreen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - I Vergote
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - R Paridaens
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - E Van Limbergen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - C Weltens
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - P Moerman
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre Leuven, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially in the current generations of Western countries, and the burden of obesity-related complications has been growing steadily. In men, obesity is not only a major risk factor for serious chronic diseases, concern is growing that the reproductive capacity, and more particularly, their offspring's health may be affected. Obesity-related impaired spermatogenesis is associated with a decrease in microscopic and molecular sperm characteristics and pregnancy success. We hypothesize that epigenetics is an important mediator explaining interactions between an obesogenic environment and sperm/offspring outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have explored inter- and transgenerational epigenetic effects in sperm cells and in offspring. Father-to-child effects have been reported in relation to preconceptional nutritional and life-style related factors. SUMMARY Here, we summarize the current understanding about obesity and molecular or epigenetic underlying mechanisms in sperm. We identify the obesogenic environment of the father before conception as a potential origin of health or disease in the offspring and include it as part of a new concept, the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Houfflyn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Brouckaert O, Rudolph A, Laenen A, Keeman R, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Soubry A, Wildiers H, Andrulis IL, Arndt V, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Chenevix-Trench G, Choi JY, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Giles GG, González-Neira A, Guénel P, Hall P, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Ito H, Jones M, Kang D, Knight JA, Kosma VM, Li J, Lindblom A, Lilyquist J, Lophatananon A, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Matsuo K, Muir K, Nevanlinna H, Peterlongo P, Pylkäs K, Saajrang S, Seynaeve C, Shen CY, Shu XO, Southey MC, Swerdlow A, Teo SH, Tollenaar RAEM, Truong T, Tseng CC, van den Broek AJ, van Deurzen CHM, Winqvist R, Wu AH, Yip CH, Yu JC, Zheng W, Milne RL, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Garcia-Closas M, Chang-Claude J, Lambrechts D, Neven P. Reproductive profiles and risk of breast cancer subtypes: a multi-center case-only study. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:119. [PMID: 29116004 PMCID: PMC5688822 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that reproductive factors are differentially associated with breast cancer (BC) risk by subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between reproductive factors and BC subtypes, and whether these vary by age at diagnosis. METHODS We used pooled data on tumor markers (estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)) and reproductive risk factors (parity, age at first full-time pregnancy (FFTP) and age at menarche) from 28,095 patients with invasive BC from 34 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). In a case-only analysis, we used logistic regression to assess associations between reproductive factors and BC subtype compared to luminal A tumors as a reference. The interaction between age and parity in BC subtype risk was also tested, across all ages and, because age was modeled non-linearly, specifically at ages 35, 55 and 75 years. RESULTS Parous women were more likely to be diagnosed with triple negative BC (TNBC) than with luminal A BC, irrespective of age (OR for parity = 1.38, 95% CI 1.16-1.65, p = 0.0004; p for interaction with age = 0.076). Parous women were also more likely to be diagnosed with luminal and non-luminal HER2-like BCs and this effect was slightly more pronounced at an early age (p for interaction with age = 0.037 and 0.030, respectively). For instance, women diagnosed at age 35 were 1.48 (CI 1.01-2.16) more likely to have luminal HER2-like BC than luminal A BC, while this association was not significant at age 75 (OR = 0.72, CI 0.45-1.14). While age at menarche was not significantly associated with BC subtype, increasing age at FFTP was non-linearly associated with TNBC relative to luminal A BC. An age at FFTP of 25 versus 20 years lowered the risk for TNBC (OR = 0.78, CI 0.70-0.88, p < 0.0001), but this effect was not apparent at a later FFTP. CONCLUSIONS Our main findings suggest that parity is associated with TNBC across all ages at BC diagnosis, whereas the association with luminal HER2-like BC was present only for early onset BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Brouckaert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jan Yperman Hospital, Ypres, Belgium
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Centre for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renske Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - kConFab
- kConFab, Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiu-chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alexandra J. van den Broek
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Hoffman K, Butt CM, Webster TF, Preston EV, Hammel SC, Makey C, Lorenzo AM, Cooper EM, Carignan C, Meeker JD, Hauser R, Soubry A, Murphy SK, Price TM, Hoyo C, Mendelsohn E, Congleton J, Daniels JL, Stapleton HM. Temporal Trends in Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in the United States. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2017; 4:112-118. [PMID: 28317001 PMCID: PMC5352975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, use of organophosphate compounds as flame retardants and plasticizers has increased. Numerous studies investigating biomarkers (i.e., urinary metabolites) demonstrate ubiquitous human exposure and suggest that human exposure may be increasing. To formally assess temporal trends, we combined data from 14 U.S. epidemiologic studies for which our laboratory group previously assessed exposure to two commonly used organophosphate compounds, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). Using individual-level data and samples collected between 2002 and 2015, we assessed temporal and seasonal trends in urinary bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), the metabolites of TDCIPP and TPHP, respectively. Data suggest that BDCIPP concentrations have increased dramatically since 2002. Samples collected in 2014 and 2015 had BDCIPP concentrations that were more than 15 times higher than those collected in 2002 and 2003 (10β = 16.5; 95% confidence interval from 9.64 to 28.3). Our results also demonstrate significant increases in DPHP levels; however, increases were much smaller than for BDCIPP. Additionally, results suggest that exposure varies seasonally, with significantly higher levels of exposure in summer for both TDCIPP and TPHP. Given these increases, more research is needed to determine whether the levels of exposure experienced by the general population are related to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Craig M. Butt
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- Boston
University School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Emma V. Preston
- Boston
University School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Stephanie C. Hammel
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Colleen Makey
- Boston
University School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Amelia M. Lorenzo
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ellen M. Cooper
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Courtney Carignan
- Harvard
T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John D. Meeker
- University
of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Russ Hauser
- Harvard
T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology
Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Thomas M. Price
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department
of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emma Mendelsohn
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Julie L. Daniels
- Department
of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Nicholas School of the Environment,
Duke University, LSRC Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708. E-mail: . Phone: (919) 613-8717. Fax: (919) 684-8741
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13
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Soubry A, Hoyo C, Butt CM, Fieuws S, Price TM, Murphy SK, Stapleton HM. Human exposure to flame-retardants is associated with aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted genes in sperm. Environ Epigenet 2017; 3:dvx003. [PMID: 29492305 PMCID: PMC5804543 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has long-term consequences that can influence disease risk in offspring. During gametogenesis, imprinted genes are reasonable epigenetic targets with the ability to retain and transfer environmental messages. We hypothesized that exposures to organophosphate (OP) flame-retardants can alter DNA methylation in human sperm cells affecting offspring's health. Sperm and urine samples were collected from 67 men in North Carolina, USA. Urinary metabolites of a chlorinated OP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and two non-chlorinated OPs, triphenyl phosphate and mono-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, were measured using liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Sperm DNA methylation at multiple CpG sites of the regulatory differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes GRB10, H19, IGF2, MEG3, NDN, NNAT, PEG1/MEST, PEG3, PLAGL1, SNRPN, and SGCE/PEG10 was quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Regression models were used to determine potential associations between OP concentrations and DNA methylation. We found that men with higher concentrations of urinary OP metabolites, known to originate from flame-retardants, have a slightly higher fraction of sperm cells that are aberrantly methylated. After adjusting for age, obesity-status and multiple testing, exposure to mono-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate was significantly related to hypermethylation at the MEG3, NDN, SNRPN DMRs. Exposure to triphenyl phosphate was associated with hypermethylation at the GRB10 DMR; and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure was associated with altered methylation at the MEG3 and H19 DMRs. Although measured methylation differences were small, implications for public health can be substantial. Interestingly, our data indicated that a multiplicity of OPs in the human body is associated with increased DNA methylation aberrancies in sperm, compared to exposure to few OPs. Further research is required in larger study populations to determine if our findings can be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Blok D, Box 7001, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27633, USA
| | - Craig M. Butt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- L-Biostat, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas M. Price
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3143, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, B223 LSRC, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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14
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Fuemmeler BF, Lee CT, Soubry A, Iversen ES, Huang Z, Murtha AP, Schildkraut JM, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. DNA Methylation of Regulatory Regions of Imprinted Genes at Birth and Its Relation to Infant Temperament. Genet Epigenet 2016; 8:59-67. [PMID: 27920589 PMCID: PMC5127604 DOI: 10.4137/geg.s40538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes is relevant to neurodevelopment. METHODS DNA methylation status of the DMRs of nine imprinted genes in umbilical cord blood leukocytes was analyzed in relation to infant behaviors and temperament (n = 158). RESULTS MEG3 DMR levels were positively associated with internalizing (β = 0.15, P = 0.044) and surgency (β = 0.19, P = 0.018) behaviors, after adjusting for birth weight, gender, gestational age at birth, maternal age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking status, parity, and a history of anxiety or depression. Higher methylation levels at the intergenic MEG3-IG methylation regions were associated with surgency (β = 0.28, P = 0.0003) and PEG3 was positively related to externalizing (β = 0.20, P = 0.01) and negative affectivity (β = 0.18, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION While the small sample size limits inference, these pilot data support gene-specific associations between epigenetic differences in regulatory regions of imprinted domains at birth and later infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chien-Ti Lee
- Department of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy P Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Randy L Jirtle
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.; Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, UK
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Romanus S, Neven P, Soubry A. Extending the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory: does paternal diet contribute to breast cancer risk in daughters? Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:103. [PMID: 27729090 PMCID: PMC5059907 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory focuses on the consequences of periconceptional and in utero exposures. A wide range of environmental conditions during early development are now being investigated as a driving force for epigenetic disruptions that enhance disease risk in later life, including cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and mental disorders and even breast cancer. Most studies involve mother–child dyads, with less focus on environmental influences through the father. Over the last few years, however, new insights have been introduced on paternal effects and the plasticity of the epigenome of developing sperm cells have been proposed to underlie inheritable changes from ancestral exposures. The field is evolving rapidly and study results from animal models are promising. Although caution should be taken in translating animal data to humans, epidemiological findings also suggest a prominent role of the father. Therefore, we here propose an extension to the DOHaD theory to include also paternally inheritable influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Romanus
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Soubry A, Guo L, Huang Z, Hoyo C, Romanus S, Price T, Murphy SK. Obesity-related DNA methylation at imprinted genes in human sperm: Results from the TIEGER study. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:51. [PMID: 27158277 PMCID: PMC4859994 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian gametes resets methylation marks that regulate monoallelic expression of imprinted genes. In males, this involves erasure of the maternal methylation marks and establishment of paternal-specific methylation to appropriately guide normal development. The degree to which exogenous factors influence the fidelity of methylation reprogramming is unknown. We previously found an association between paternal obesity and altered DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood, suggesting that the father’s endocrine, nutritional, or lifestyle status could potentiate intergenerational heritable epigenetic abnormalities. In these analyses, we examine the relationship between male overweight/obesity and DNA methylation status of imprinted gene regulatory regions in the gametes. Methods Linear regression models were used to compare sperm DNA methylation percentages, quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing, at 12 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from 23 overweight/obese and 44 normal weight men. Our study population included 69 volunteers from The Influence of the Environment on Gametic Epigenetic Reprogramming (TIEGER) study, based in NC, USA. Results After adjusting for age and fertility patient status, semen from overweight or obese men had significantly lower methylation percentages at the MEG3 (β = −1.99; SE = 0.84; p = 0.02), NDN (β = −1.10; SE = 0.47; p = 0.02), SNRPN (β = −0.65; SE = 0.27; p = 0.02), and SGCE/PEG10 (β = −2.5; SE = 1.01; p = 0.01) DMRs. Our data further suggest a slight increase in DNA methylation at the MEG3-IG DMR (β = +1.22; SE = 0.59; p = 0.04) and H19 DMR (β = +1.37; SE = 0.62; p = 0.03) in sperm of overweight/obese men. Conclusions Our data support that male overweight/obesity status is traceable in the sperm epigenome. Further research is needed to understand the effect of such changes and the point of origin of DNA methylation differences between lean and overweight/obese men. Together with our earlier reports on paternal obesity and epigenetic shifts in the offspring, our studies set the groundwork for future studies investigating male gametic methylation aberrations due to paternal lifestyle factors such as obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0217-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27633 USA
| | - Stephanie Romanus
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27713 USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA ; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Poppe A, Brouckaert O, Laenen A, Soubry A, Remmerie C, Floris G, Leunen K, Berteloot P, Amant F, Vergote I, Nevelsteen I, Smeets A, Christiaens MR, Weltens C, Peeters S, Van Limbergen E, Wildiers H, Neven P. Abstract P6-09-11: Independent prognostic value of age depends on breast cancer subtype. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-09-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Young women present more often with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes and have worse prognosis. It remains controversial whether age is an independent prognostic factor in early stage breast cancer. Arbitrarily chosen age cut-off values have been proposed in different studies. Furthermore, few studies have examined the impact of breast cancer subtypes on the prognostic value of age. This abstract represents an update of a prior analysis (San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, December 4-8 2012, P06-07-29).
Methods: We included all primary operable female breast cancer patients from our prospectively managed database in UZ Leuven, Belgium. We assessed the effect of age on locoregional free interval (LRRFI), distant metastasis interval (DMFI) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). In univariate analysis, using Cox regression models, we determined the best categorization of age at diagnosis into two or three age groups by considering all possible combinations of cut-off values. Best categorization was obtained with three age groups. We further determined, using multivariate analysis (correcting for phenotype, tumor size, nodal status, adjuvant chemo -, hormone – and radiotherapy, type of surgery and procedure of axillary staging), whether age at diagnosis remains an independent predictor of outcome (LRRFI, DMFI and BCSS). We further explored whether age at diagnosis is an independent predictor of event risk (LRRFI, DMFI and BCSS) in different breast cancer subtypes. Luminal A-like (grade I or II, ER and/or PR positive, HER 2 positive), Luminal B-like (idem but grade III), Luminal HER 2 like (ER and/or PR positive, HER 2 positive), HER 2 like (ER/PR negative, HER 2 positive), triple negative (ER/PR negative, HER 2 negative).
Results: We included 4180 patients with a mean/median age of 58/57 year and with a median follow up of 8.9 year. Multivariate analysis confirmed age as an independent prognostic variable for LRRFI, DMFI and BCSS.
Results multivariable analysis with age in 3 groups (HR (95% CI) P-VALUE) LRRFIDMFIBCSSYoungest versus middle1.61 (1.18-2.18) 0.00251.54 (1.23-1.93) 0.00021.72 (1.26-2.36) 0.0007Youngest versus oldest3.45 (1.85-6.45) 0.00011.25 (0.89-1.77) 0.19821.31 (0.85-2.02) 0.2220Middle versus oldest2.15 (1.22-3.79) 0.00820.81 (0.61-1.09) 0,17060.76 (0.55-1.06) 0.1014
We found optimal cut-off values for LRRFI at 44y and 72y, for DMFI at 47y and 71y and for BCSS at 41y and 70y.
In an exploratory analysis, with age as continuous variable, by subtype we found a significant independent association between age and LRRFI (P=0.0169), DMFI (P=0.0344) in luminal A-like, LRRFI (P=0.0022) in luminal B-like and DMFI (P=0.0010) and BCSS (P=0.0053) in triple negative breast cancer. No significant associations were found in luminal HER2 and HER2 like breast cancers.
Conclusion:
This study has shown that young age is an independent prognostic factor for LRRFI, DMFI and BCSS after correction for the most important clinical prognostic factors. The prognostic effect is most important in luminal A and triple negative subtypes. Additional analyses for subtypes with age as a categorical variable will be performed and optimal cut off values will be defined.
Citation Format: Poppe A, Brouckaert O, Laenen A, Soubry A, Remmerie C, Floris G, Leunen K, Berteloot P, Amant F, Vergote I, Nevelsteen I, Smeets A, Christiaens M-R, Weltens C, Peeters S, Van Limbergen E, Wildiers H, Neven P. Independent prognostic value of age depends on breast cancer subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poppe
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - O Brouckaert
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - A Laenen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - A Soubry
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - C Remmerie
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - K Leunen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - P Berteloot
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - F Amant
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - I Vergote
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - I Nevelsteen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - A Smeets
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - M-R Christiaens
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - C Weltens
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - S Peeters
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - E Van Limbergen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium; Jan Yperman Ziekenhuis, Ieper, West Vlaanderen, Belgium; Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
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Boedt T, De Winne K, Spiessens C, Soubry A. The effects of paternal obesity on sperm characteristics and early embryonic development: results from a retrospective study. Arch Public Health 2015. [PMCID: PMC4582319 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-73-s1-p47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wang S, Molenberghs G, Spiessens C, De Neubourg D, Soubry A. Predicting pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the IVF clinic by analysing patient profiles. Arch Public Health 2015. [PMCID: PMC4582896 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-73-s1-p46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Soubry A. Epigenetic inheritance and evolution: A paternal perspective on dietary influences. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 2015; 118:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Literature on maternal exposures and the risk of epigenetic changes or diseases in the offspring is growing. Paternal contributions are often not considered. However, some animal and epidemiologic studies on various contaminants, nutrition, and lifestyle-related conditions suggest a paternal influence on the offspring's future health. The phenotypic outcomes may have been attributed to DNA damage or mutations, but increasing evidence shows that the inheritance of environmentally induced functional changes of the genome, and related disorders, are (also) driven by epigenetic components. In this essay we suggest the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility to environmental insults during sperm development. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs are viable mechanistic candidates for a non-genetic transfer of paternal environmental information, from maturing germ cell to zygote. Inclusion of paternal factors in future research will ultimately improve the understanding of transgenerational epigenetic plasticity and health-related effects in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Soubry A, Murphy SK, Wang F, Huang Z, Vidal AC, Fuemmeler BF, Kurtzberg J, Murtha A, Jirtle RL, Schildkraut JM, Hoyo C. Newborns of obese parents have altered DNA methylation patterns at imprinted genes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 39:650-7. [PMID: 24158121 PMCID: PMC4048324 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between periconceptional environmental exposures and health status of the offspring in later life. Although these environmentally related effects have been attributed to epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation shifts at imprinted genes, little is known about the potential effects of maternal and paternal preconceptional overnutrition or obesity. Objective: We examined parental preconceptional obesity in relation to DNA methylation profiles at multiple human imprinted genes important in normal growth and development, such as: maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST), paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1), epsilon sarcoglycan and paternally expressed gene 10 (SGCE/PEG10) and neuronatin (NNAT). Methods: We measured methylation percentages at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by bisulfite pyrosequencing in DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood leukocytes of 92 newborns. Preconceptional obesity, defined as BMI ⩾30 kg m−2, was ascertained through standardized questionnaires. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders and cluster effects, paternal obesity was significantly associated with lower methylation levels at the MEST (β=−2.57; s.e.=0.95; P=0.008), PEG3 (β=−1.71; s.e.=0.61; P=0.005) and NNAT (β=−3.59; s.e.=1.76; P=0.04) DMRs. Changes related to maternal obesity detected at other loci were as follows: β-coefficient was +2.58 (s.e.=1.00; P=0.01) at the PLAGL1 DMR and −3.42 (s.e.=1.69; P=0.04) at the MEG3 DMR. Conclusion: We found altered methylation outcomes at multiple imprint regulatory regions in children born to obese parents, compared with children born to non-obese parents. In spite of the small sample size, our data suggest a preconceptional influence of parental life-style or overnutrition on the (re)programming of imprint marks during gametogenesis and early development. More specifically, the significant and independent association between paternal obesity and the offspring's methylation status suggests the susceptibility of the developing sperm for environmental insults. The acquired imprint instability may be carried onto the next generation and increase the risk for chronic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soubry
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - F Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B F Fuemmeler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Kurtzberg
- Carolinas Cord Blood Bank, Robertson Cell and Translational Therapy Program, Duke Translational Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R L Jirtle
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J M Schildkraut
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Hoyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Soubry A, Schildkraut JM, Murtha A, Wang F, Huang Z, Bernal A, Kurtzberg J, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Paternal obesity is associated with IGF2 hypomethylation in newborns: results from a Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) cohort. BMC Med 2013; 11:29. [PMID: 23388414 PMCID: PMC3584733 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from epidemiological and animal model studies suggest that nutrition during pregnancy may affect the health status of subsequent generations. These transgenerational effects are now being explained by disruptions at the level of the epigenetic machinery. Besides in vitro environmental exposures, the possible impact on the reprogramming of methylation profiles at imprinted genes at a much earlier time point, such as during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, has not previously been considered. In this study, our aim was to determine associations between preconceptional obesity and DNA methylation profiles in the offspring, particularly at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene. METHODS We examined DNA from umbilical cord blood leukocytes from 79 newborns, born between July 2005 and November 2006 at Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Their mothers participated in the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) during pregnancy. Parental characteristics were obtained via standardized questionnaires and medical records. DNA methylation patterns at two DMRs were analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing; one DMR upstream of IGF2 (IGF2 DMR), and one DMR upstream of the neighboring H19 gene (H19 DMR). Multiple regression models were used to determine potential associations between the offspring's DNA methylation patterns and parental obesity before conception. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m². RESULTS Hypomethylation at the IGF2 DMR was associated with paternal obesity. Even after adjusting for several maternal and newborn characteristics, we observed a persistent inverse association between DNA methylation in the offspring and paternal obesity (β-coefficient was -5.28, P = 0.003). At the H19 DMR, no significant associations were detected between methylation patterns and paternal obesity. Our data suggest an increase in DNA methylation at the IGF2 and H19 DMRs among newborns from obese mothers, but a larger study is warranted to further explore the potential effects of maternal obesity or lifestyle on the offspring's epigenome. CONCLUSIONS While our small sample size is limited, our data indicate a preconceptional impact of paternal obesity on the reprogramming of imprint marks during spermatogenesis. Given the biological importance of imprinting fidelity, our study provides evidence for transgenerational effects of paternal obesity that may influence the offspring's future health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center 2715, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Hoyo C, Fortner K, Murtha AP, Schildkraut JM, Soubry A, Demark-Wahnefried W, Jirtle RL, Kurtzberg J, Forman MR, Overcash F, Huang Z, Murphy SK. Association of cord blood methylation fractions at imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), plasma IGF2, and birth weight. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:635-45. [PMID: 22392079 PMCID: PMC3313040 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Altered methylation at Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) regulatory regions has previously been associated with obesity, and several malignancies including colon, esophageal, and prostate adenocarcinomas, presumably via changes in expression and/or loss of imprinting, but the functional significance of these DNA methylation marks have not been demonstrated in humans. We examined associations among DNA methylation at IGF2 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), circulating IGF2 protein concentrations in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and birth weight in newborns. Methods Questionnaire data were obtained from 300 pregnant women recruited between 2005 and 2009. UCB DNA methylation was measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing. UCB plasma concentrations of soluble IGF2 were measured by ELISA assays. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between DMR methylation and IGF2 levels. Results Lower IGF2 DMR methylation was associated with elevated plasma IGF2 protein concentrations (β = −9.87, p < 0.01); an association that was stronger in infants born to obese women (pre-pregnancy BMI > 30 kg/m2, β = −20.21, p < 0.0001). Elevated IGF2 concentrations were associated with higher birth weight (p < 0.0001) after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, cigarette smoking, gestational diabetes, and infant sex. These patterns of association were not apparent at the H19 DMR. Conclusion Our data suggest that variation in IGF2 DMR methylation is an important mechanism by which circulating IGF2 concentrations, a putative risk factor for obesity and cancers of the colon, esophagus, and prostate, are modulated; associations that may depend on pre-pregnancy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 West Main Street, Ste. 600, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Soubry A, Murphy S, Huang Z, Murtha A, Schildkraut J, Jirtle R, Wang F, Kurtzberg J, Demark-Wahnefried W, Forman M, Hoyo C. The effects of depression and use of antidepressive medicines during pregnancy on the methylation status of the IGF2 imprinted control regions in the offspring. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 3:2. [PMID: 22414206 PMCID: PMC3257545 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero exposures to environmental factors may result in persistent epigenetic modifications affecting normal development and susceptibility to chronic diseases in later life. We explored the relationship between exposure of the growing fetus to maternal depression or antidepressants and DNA methylation at two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Aberrant DNA methylation at the IGF2 and neighboring H19 DMRs has been associated with deregulated IGF2 expression, childhood cancers and several chronic diseases during adulthood. Our study population is comprised of pregnant mothers and their newborns (n = 436), as part of the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST). A standardized questionnaire was completed and medical record data were abstracted to ascertain maternal depression and antidepressive drug use. DMR methylation levels in umbilical cord blood leukocytes were quantified using pyrosequencing. From the 436 newborns, laboratory data were obtained for 356 individuals at the IGF2 DMRs, and for 411 individuals at the H19 DMRs; about half of each group was African American or Caucasian. While overall no association between depression and methylation profiles was found, we observed a significant hypermethylation of the H19 DMRs in newborns of African American (n = 177) but not Caucasian (n = 168) mothers who reported the use of antidepressive drugs during pregnancy (β = +6.89, p = 0.01). Of note, our data reveal a race-independent association between smoking during pregnancy and methylation at the IGF2 DMR (+3.05%, p = 0.01). In conclusion, our findings suggest a race-dependent response related to maternal use of antidepressants at one of the IGF2 DMRs in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soubry
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Soubry A, Il'yasova D, Sedjo R, Wang F, Byers T, Rosen C, Yashin A, Ukraintseva S, Haffner S, D'Agostino R. Increase in circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio over a decade is associated with colorectal adenomatous polyps. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:512-7. [PMID: 21898383 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been associated with increased risk of several cancers. Regarding colorectal cancer, these associations are generally weak. We hypothesized that an increase in IGF-1 over time would be a stronger risk factor for cancer-related outcomes than the actual levels. In this analysis we utilized existing data from the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulating IGF-1 levels and molar ratios of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were measured at three time points, within a 10-year follow-up period. We examined the associations of increase of the two variables with the presence of colorectal adenoma at the end of follow-up among participants with normal glucose tolerance at baseline. This included 143 individuals, from which 24 were diagnosed with adenomatous polyps. Although the mean levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 decline with age, ~ 30% of the participants showed an increase of at least fifteen percent ("ever increase") in one or both of these variables, compared to baseline. We found a positive association between "ever increase" in IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and the presence of colorectal adenoma: ORs were 3.81 (95% CI: 1.30-10.8) and 2.83 (95% CI: 1.00-8.22), respectively. No association was found when analyzing the actual levels of both variables at any time point. Our data suggest that an increase in circulating IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 may represent a disturbed GH/IGF1 homeostasis, which could favor the development of precancerous lesions such as colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Soubry A, Sedjo R, Wang F, Byers T, Rosen C, Yashin A, Ukraintseva S, Haffner S, D'Agostino R, Il'yasova D. Abstract 4637: Intra-individual changes in circulating IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio are associated with colorectal adenomatous polyps presence. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: High levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been associated with increased risks of several cancers, including colorectal cancer.
Methods: In a sub-cohort of the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS), we examined the associations between circulating IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratios, as well as their change patterns during 10-year follow-up, with the presence of colorectal adenomatous polyps at the end of the follow-up.
Results: The general trend was decrease of both variables with age. Based on this trend, two patterns were considered: “no increase” (variation within 15% of baseline and/or decrease) and “ever increase” (at least one increase of > 15%). In the subgroup of participants with normal glucose tolerance, “ever increase” was positively associated with colorectal adenoma: ORs were 3.65 (1.30-10.8) and 2.83 (1.00-8.22) for IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3, respectively. No association was found between actual levels of IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 at any time point and the presence of colorectal adenoma.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that increase in circulating IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 may represent an unnatural trend of a disturbed signaling pathway, which could favor the development of precancerous lesions, such as colorectal adenoma.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4637. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4637
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Sedjo
- 2University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | | | - Tim Byers
- 2University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Clifford Rosen
- 3Maine Medical Center Research Insitute, Scarborough, ME
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Soubry A, Murphy SK, Huang Z, Murtha A, Schildkraut JM, Jirtle RL, Wang F, Kurtzberg J, Demark-Wahnefried W, Forman M, Hoyo C. Abstract 2754: Maternal use of antidepressants in pregnancy is associated with hypermethylation at the IGF2 imprinted control regions in the offspring in a race-dependent fashion. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In utero exposures to environmental factors may result in persistent epigenetic modifications affecting normal development and susceptibility to chronic diseases in later life. We determined whether exposure of the growing fetus to maternal depression or antidepressants is associated with aberrant DNA methylation at two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene, namely the DMRs upstream of the imprinted IGF2 promoters (IGF2 DMR) and the DMRs upstream of H19 (H19 DMR). Aberrant DNA methylation at these DMRs has been associated with deregulated IGF2 expression, childhood cancers and several chronic diseases during adulthood. Our study population comprises pregnant mothers and their newborns (n=436), recruited between 2005 and 2008 in Durham, NC. A standardized questionnaire was completed and medical record data were abstracted to ascertain prenatal and periconceptional depression and antidepressive drug use. DMR methylation percentages in umbilical cord blood leukocytes were quantified using pyrosequencing. While an association between depression and methylation profiles was not found, we discovered significant hypermethylation of the H19 DMRs in newborns of African American -but not Caucasian- mothers who were taking antidepressive drugs during pregnancy (β=+6.89, p=0.01). Our findings suggest that changes in the IGF2/H19-domain methylation in response to maternal exposure to antidepressants are race-dependent.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2754. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2754
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Murtha
- 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Soubry A, Staes K, Parthoens E, Noppen S, Stove C, Bogaert P, van Hengel J, van Roy F. The transcriptional repressor Kaiso localizes at the mitotic spindle and is a constituent of the pericentriolar material. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9203. [PMID: 20169156 PMCID: PMC2821401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaiso is a BTB/POZ zinc finger protein known as a transcriptional repressor. It was originally identified through its in vitro association with the Armadillo protein p120ctn. Subcellular localization of Kaiso in cell lines and in normal and cancerous human tissues revealed that its expression is not restricted to the nucleus. In the present study we monitored Kaiso's subcellular localization during the cell cycle and found the following: (1) during interphase, Kaiso is located not only in the nucleus, but also on microtubular structures, including the centrosome; (2) at metaphase, it is present at the centrosomes and on the spindle microtubules; (3) during telophase, it accumulates at the midbody. We found that Kaiso is a genuine PCM component that belongs to a pericentrin molecular complex. We analyzed the functions of different domains of Kaiso by visualizing the subcellular distribution of GFP-tagged Kaiso fragments throughout the cell cycle. Our results indicate that two domains are responsible for targeting Kaiso to the centrosomes and microtubules. The first domain, designated SA1 for spindle-associated domain 1, is located in the center of the Kaiso protein and localizes at the spindle microtubules and centrosomes; the second domain, SA2, is an evolutionarily conserved domain situated just before the zinc finger domain and might be responsible for localizing Kaiso towards the centrosomal region. Constructs containing both SA domains and Kaiso's aminoterminal BTB/POZ domain triggered the formation of abnormal centrosomes. We also observed that overexpression of longer or full-length Kaiso constructs led to mitotic cell arrest and frequent cell death. Knockdown of Kaiso accelerated cell proliferation. Our data reveal a new target for Kaiso at the centrosomes and spindle microtubules during mitosis. They also strongly imply that Kaiso's function as a transcriptional regulator might be linked to the control of the cell cycle and to cell proliferation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Staes
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Parthoens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Stove
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Bogaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Gardner MK, Bouck DC, Paliulis LV, Meehl JB, O'Toole ET, Haase J, Soubry A, Joglekar AP, Winey M, Salmon ED, Bloom K, Odde DJ. Chromosome congression by Kinesin-5 motor-mediated disassembly of longer kinetochore microtubules. Cell 2008; 135:894-906. [PMID: 19041752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, sister chromatids congress to the spindle equator and are subsequently segregated via attachment to dynamic kinetochore microtubule (kMT) plus ends. A major question is how kMT plus-end assembly is spatially regulated to achieve chromosome congression. Here we find in budding yeast that the widely conserved kinesin-5 sliding motor proteins, Cin8p and Kip1p, mediate chromosome congression by suppressing kMT plus-end assembly of longer kMTs. Of the two, Cin8p is the major effector and its activity requires a functional motor domain. In contrast, the depolymerizing kinesin-8 motor Kip3p plays a minor role in spatial regulation of yeast kMT assembly. Our analysis identified a model where kinesin-5 motors bind to kMTs, move to kMT plus ends, and upon arrival at a growing plus end promote net kMT plus-end disassembly. In conclusion, we find that length-dependent control of net kMT assembly by kinesin-5 motors yields a simple and stable self-organizing mechanism for chromosome congression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Soubry A, van Hengel J, Parthoens E, Colpaert C, Van Marck E, Waltregny D, Reynolds AB, van Roy F. Expression and nuclear location of the transcriptional repressor Kaiso is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2224-33. [PMID: 15781635 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kaiso is a BTB/POZ zinc finger protein originally described as an interaction partner of p120ctn. In cultured cell lines, Kaiso is found almost exclusively in the nucleus, where it generally acts as a transcriptional repressor. Here, we describe the first in situ immunolocalization studies of Kaiso expression in normal and cancerous tissues. Surprisingly, we found striking differences between its behavior in monolayers of different cell lines, three-dimensional cell culture systems, and in vivo. Although nuclear localization was sometimes observed in tissues, Kaiso was more often found in the cytoplasm, and in some cell types it was absent. In general, Kaiso and p120ctn did not colocalize in the nucleus. To examine this phenomenon more carefully, tumor cells exhibiting strong nuclear Kaiso staining in vitro were injected into nude mice and grown as xenografts. The latter showed a progressive translocation of Kaiso towards the cytoplasm over time, and even complete loss of expression, especially in the center of the tumor nodules. When xenografted tumors were returned to cell culture, Kaiso was re-expressed and was once again found in the nucleus. Translocation of Kaiso to the cytoplasm and down-regulation of its levels were also observed under particular experimental conditions in vitro, such as formation of spheroids and acini. These data strongly imply an unexpected influence of the microenvironment on Kaiso expression and localization. As transcriptional repression is a nuclear event, this phenomenon is likely a crucial factor in the regulation of Kaiso function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-Ghent University, Ghent
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Colpaert CG, Vermeulen PB, Van Beest P, Soubry A, Goovaerts G, Dirix LY, Harris AL, Van Marck EA. Cutaneous breast cancer deposits show distinct growth patterns with different degrees of angiogenesis, hypoxia and fibrin deposition. Histopathology 2003; 42:530-40. [PMID: 12786888 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We postulated that skin metastases and cutaneous local recurrences from breast adenocarcinoma show different growth patterns with distinct angiogenic profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-one surgically resected dermal breast cancer deposits were evaluated for growth pattern, E-cadherin expression, presence of necrosis and a fibrotic focus, fibrin deposition, carbonic anhydrase IX expression (CA IX), microvessel density, endothelial cell proliferation and blood vessel immaturity. Growth patterns were infiltrative, with carcinoma cells infiltrating the dermis without significant disturbance of the pre-existing architecture, expansive, meaning that a nodule of carcinoma cells and desmoplastic tissue pushed aside the pre-existing dermal structures, or mixed. All lobular carcinomas showed an infiltrative growth and lacked membranous E-cadherin expression. Different growth patterns in the ductal carcinomas were not correlated with differences in E-cadherin expression. The presence of necrosis and/or a fibrotic focus and the expression of the hypoxia marker CA IX were significantly associated with an expansive growth. Fibrin was present in all expansive deposits and less frequently in the other growth patterns. There was a positive association between fibrin deposition, CA IX expression and microvessel density. The latter was significantly higher in the expansive and mixed growth patterns than in the infiltrative pattern. Endothelial cell proliferation was highest in the expansive growth pattern and was positively correlated with the presence of a fibrotic focus and with fibrin deposition. The maximum percentage of immature blood vessels was higher in the expansive and mixed growth patterns than in the infiltrative one. CONCLUSION The recognition of different subgroups of cutaneous breast cancer deposits with different degrees of hypoxia-driven angiogenesis may have important implications for the usefulness of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Colpaert CG, Vermeulen PB, Benoy I, Soubry A, van Roy F, van Beest P, Goovaerts G, Dirix LY, van Dam P, Fox SB, Harris AL, van Marck EA. Inflammatory breast cancer shows angiogenesis with high endothelial proliferation rate and strong E-cadherin expression. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:718-25. [PMID: 12618881 PMCID: PMC2376338 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the differences between IBC and non-IBC might provide novel therapeutic targets. We studied 35 consecutive patients with IBC, biopsied prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. Angiogenesis was evaluated by Chalkley counting and by assessment of endothelial cell proliferation (ECP) and vessel maturity. The presence of fibrin, expression of the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and epithelialcadherin (E-cadherin) expression were immunohistochemically detected. The same parameters were obtained in a group of 104 non-IBC patients. Vascular density, assessed by Chalkley counting (P<0.0001), and ECP (P=0.01) were significantly higher in IBC than in non-IBC. Abundant stromal fibrin deposition was observed in 26% of IBC and in only 8% of non-IBC (P=0.02). Expression of CA IX was significantly less frequent in IBC than in non-IBC with early metastasis (P=0.047). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CA IX and ECP in IBC (r=0.4, P=0.03), implying that the angiogenesis is partly hypoxia driven. However, the higher ECP in IBC and the less frequent expression of CA IX in IBC vs non-IBC points at a role for other factors than hypoxia in stimulating angiogenesis. Strong, homogeneous E-cadherin expression was found at cell-cell contacts in all but two IBC cases, both in lymphovascular tumour emboli and in infiltrating tumour cells, challenging our current understanding of the metastatic process. Both the intense angiogenesis and the strong E-cadherin expression may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
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