1
|
Mohan H, Karthi N, Sathya PM, Ramalingam V, Thimmarayan S, Hossain MA, Aravinthan A, Shin T. (Zn, Ni)-ferrite nanoparticles for promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
2
|
Priyadarshini R, Jafrin L, Aravinthan A, Sivagnanam G. Rationing PPEs during a pandemic: The COVID-19 scenario. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:2044-2045. [PMID: 33317770 PMCID: PMC7282774 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Priyadarshini
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute (IGMC & RI)(1), Puducherry, India.
| | - Lourdu Jafrin
- Dept. of Pharmacology, IGMC & RI(1), Puducherry, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aravinthan A, Hossain MA, Kim B, Kang CW, Kim NS, Hwang KC, Kim JH. Ginsenoside Rb 1 inhibits monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in postmenopausal rats through prevention of cartilage degradation. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:287-294. [PMID: 33841009 PMCID: PMC8020294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), one of the major active compounds in Panax ginseng, has already been shown to reduce inflammation in various diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been considered a degenerative disease with degradation of joint articular cartilage. However, recent studies have shown the association of inflammation with OA. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 had an antiinflammatory effect on monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in ovariectomized rats as a model of postmenopausal arthritis. Methods G-Rb1 at a dosage of 3 and 10 μg/kg body weight was administered every 3 days intraarticularly for a period of 4 weeks to observe antiarthritic effects. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) served as a positive control. Results The administration of Rb1 significantly ameliorated OA inflammatory symptoms and reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, G-Rb1 administration considerably enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and collagen 2A and reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 genes, indicating a chondroprotective effect of G-Rb1. G-Rb1 also significantly reduced the expression of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (interferon gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL-2, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6). Histological analysis demonstrated that G-Rb1 significantly attenuated the pathological changes in MIA-induced OA in ovariectomized rats. Safranin O and toluidine blue staining further demonstrated that G-Rb1 effectively prevented the degradation of cartilage and glycosaminoglycans, respectively. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that G-Rb1 exerts cartilage protective effect on MIA-induced ovariectomized OA rats, by inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1/CCL-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These results shed a light on possible therapeutic application of G-Rb1 in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jang YJ, Lee D, Hossain MA, Aravinthan A, Kang CW, Kim NS, Kim JH. Korean Red Ginseng enhances cardiac hemodynamics on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:483-489. [PMID: 32372870 PMCID: PMC7195579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been known to possess many ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are used for curing cardiovascular problems. The present study show the protective potential of KRG against doxorubicin (DOX)–induced myocardial dysfunction, by assessing electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemical parameters and histopathological findings. Methods Animals were fed a standard chow and adjusted to their environment for 3 days before the experiments. Next, the rats were equally divided into five groups (n = 9, each group). The animals were administered with KRG (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 10 days and injected with DOX (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously, twice at a 24-h interval) on the 8th and 9th day. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed to study hemodynamics. Plasma levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were measured. In addition, the dose of troponin I and activity of myeloperoxidase in serum and cardiac tissue were analyzed, and the histopathological findings were evaluated using light microscopy. Results Administration of KRG at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg recovered electrocardiographic changes, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular systolic pressure, the maximal rate of change in left ventricle contraction (+dP/dtmax), and left ventricle relaxation (-dP/dtmax). In addition, KRG treatment significantly normalized the oxidative stress markers in plasma, dose dependently. In addition, the values of troponin I and myeloperoxidase were ameliorated by KRG treatment, dose dependently. And, KRG treatment showed better histopathological findings when compared with the DOX control group. Conclusion These mean that KRG mitigates myocardial damage by modulating the hemodynamics, histopathological abnormality, and oxidative stress related to DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. The results of the present study show protective effects of KRG on cardiac toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aravinthan A, Park JK, Hossain MA, Sharmila J, Kim HJ, Kang CW, Kim NS, Kim JH. Collagen-based sponge hastens wound healing via decrease of inflammatory cytokines. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:487. [PMID: 30467532 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of collagen-based sponge compared to commercial collagen sponge as a potent open wound-dressing material. In this study, 10 mm diameter skin incision was made on lateral side of rats. The wound was monitored regularly until day 12. Histopathology results revealed the faster re-epithelialization and lesser inflammatory cells, and also masson's trichrome staining showed that collagen fibrils were horizontal and interwoven in collagen-based sponge group. The expression of growth factors such as VEGF and TGF-β1 was found to be upregulated in transcriptional and translational levels, suggesting the importance of collagen-based sponge as a potent wound-healing material. Furthermore, IL-6 and TNF-α in the wound tissue were significantly down-regulated in 2 and 6 days in collagen-based sponge group and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level was found to be upregulated throughout 12 days. These results cumulatively revealed that collagen-based sponge may serve as novel material for wound healing in the animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adithan Aravinthan
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Park
- R&D Center, B.B HealthCare Co. Ltd., 991 Buil-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Judith Sharmila
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- R&D Center, B.B HealthCare Co. Ltd., 991 Buil-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim E, Yoon JY, Lee J, Jeong D, Park JG, Hong YH, Kim JH, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. TANK-binding kinase 1 and Janus kinase 2 play important roles in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression after toll-like receptor 4 activation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8790-8801. [PMID: 29797567 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a response that protects the body from pathogens. Through several inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by various families of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are induced and inflammatory responses are boosted. Simultaneously, inhibitory systems are activated and provide negative feedback. A typical mechanism by which this process occurs is that inflammatory signaling molecules upregulate mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) expression. Here, we investigated how kinases regulate MKP1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-triggered cascades. We found that p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors decreased MKP1 expression. Using specific inhibitors, gene knockouts, and gene knockdowns, we also found that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated nuclear factor κB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) are involved in the induction of MKP1 expression. By analyzing JAK2-induced activation of STATs, STAT3-specific inhibitors, promoter binding sites, and STAT3-/- cells, we found that STAT3 is directly linked to TBK1-mediated and JAK2-mediated induction of MKP1 expression. Our data suggest that MKP1 expression can be differentially regulated by p38, JNK, and the TBK1-JAK2-STAT3 pathway after activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These data also imply crosstalk between the AP-1 pathway and the IRF3 and STAT3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ju Y Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Central Research Institute, Dongkwang Pharmaceutical Company, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae G Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yo H Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji H Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Y Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim MS, Yoo BC, Yang WS, Han SY, Jeong D, Song JM, Kim KH, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim SC, Cho JY. Src is the primary target of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in its anti-tumor action. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5979-5992. [PMID: 29464048 PMCID: PMC5814188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aripiprazole (ARP) is an atypical anti-psychotic drug widely used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The pharmacological effects of ARP on cancer cells are still poorly understood. In this study, anti-cancer effects of ARP on various malignant tumor cells and its molecular mechanism were further carefully examined by using cell proliferation assay, xenograft mouse model, immunoblotting analysis, migration assay, luciferase reporter gene assay, kinase assay, and overexpression strategy. Treatment with ARP induced cytotoxicity in U251 glioma cells, MKN-1 gastric adenosquamous carcinoma cells, and CT26 colon carcinoma cells. ARP suppressed cell proliferation of LN428, MDA-MB-231, and HEK293 cells. Pro-apoptotic factors active caspase-3, -8, and -9, as well as p53, were upregulated, whereas the protein and mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) decreased. In agreement with the in vitro results, ARP compound also significantly suppressed the growth of tumor masses formed by injecting CT26 colon cancer cells into mice. ARP treatment also effectively decreased the migratory ability of U251 glioma cells by downregulating metalloproteinase-9. Levels of phosphorylated Src, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were significantly decreased following ARP treatment. ARP compound reduced the kinase activity of Src. Our studies suggest that Src may be an important target molecule linked to the antitumor effects of ARP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Min Song
- School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park G, Kim E, Son YJ, Yoon DH, Sung GH, Aravinthan A, Park YC, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of torilidis fructus ethanol extract through inhibition of Src. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:2074-2082. [PMID: 28832235 PMCID: PMC6130681 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1362011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Torilidis fructus, fruits of Torilis japonica Decadolle (Umbelliferae), is a medicinal herb traditionally used as a pesticide, an astrictive, or a medicine for various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES Due to the lack of pharmacological studies on this herbal medicine, we explored the inhibitory activity of torilidis fructus on the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response using its ethanol extract (Tf-EE). MATERIAL AND METHODS The Griess assay and prostaglandin (PGE2) ELISA assay were conducted with Tf-EE (0-75 µg/mL) and LPS (1 µg/mL) treated RAW264.7 cells in cultured media. Tf-EE pretreated RAW264.7 cells were incubated with LPS for 6 h and semi-quantitative PCR was performed. Reporter gene assays, overexpression of target enzymes and immunoblotting were performed on macrophages to determine the molecular targets of Tf-EE. RESULTS Tf-EE markedly suppressed the inflammatory response of macrophages, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production with IC50 values of 35.66 and 62.47 µg/mL, respectively. It was also found that Tf-EE reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by 80%. Nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and p50) were declined by 60% and 30% respectively, and their regulatory events including the phosphorylation of AKT, IκBα, Src, and the formation of complexes between Src and p-p85 were also recognized to be diminished. CONCLUSIONS The signalling events managed by Src and p85 complex seemed to be critically involved in Tf-EE-mediated anti-inflammatory response. This might suggest that Tf-EE exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through Src-targeted inhibition of NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyubyung Park
- Gyeonggi Science High School for the Gifted, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Chul Park
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Yung Chul ParkCollege of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Jong-Hoon KimCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT: Jae Youl ChoDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee JO, Yang WS, Park JG, Jeong D, Kim HG, Yoon KD, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Kim E, Cho JY. Src and Syk contribute to the anti-inflammatory activities of Achyranthes aspera ethanolic extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 206:1-7. [PMID: 28502904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays pivotal roles in inflammation. Src and Syk are two tyrosine kinases that act upstream of NF-κB signaling. Although Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat fevers and inflammatory ailments and heal wounds, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory actions are not yet fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of A. aspera ethanol extract (Aa-EE). To determine the mechanism by which Aa-EE dampens the inflammatory response, nitric oxide (NO) production and the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined by Griess assay and RT-PCR. Luciferase assays and immunoblotting were also conducted to examine how Aa-EE regulates the NF-κB pathway. RESULTS Aa-EE reduced NO production up to 60% without any cytotoxicity. This extract was found to downregulate the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes. Aa-EE blocked NF-κB promoter activity induced by both TNF-α and adaptor molecule MyD88 (about 70% and 40%, respectively). Moreover, nuclear translocation of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation were also inhibited. Furthermore, Aa-EE inactivated two upstream signaling molecules, the Src and Syk kinases. In accordance with these data, the kinase activities of Src and Syk were decreased by 50% and 80%, respectively. The anti-inflammatory action of Aa-EE was also confirmed in a gastritis model. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that Aa-EE targets NF-κB to exert its anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing Src and Syk. Therefore, our study raises the possibility that this extract can be developed as a novel natural anti-inflammatory remedy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Oog Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharmila J, Aravinthan A, Shin DG, Seo JH, Kim B, Kim NS, Kang CW, Kim JH. GBCK25, fermented ginseng, attenuates cardiac dysfunction in high fat diet-induced obese mice. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:356-360. [PMID: 29989028 PMCID: PMC6035385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermentation of medicinal herbs facilitated by microbes is assumed to exert promising therapeutic efficacy on the absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacological effects by speeding up the making or conversion of active constituents into their metabolites. We examined the cardioprotective potential of fermented ginseng, GBCK25, against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic and functional illnesses as following the essential analysis such as electrocardiographic parameters, alterations of body and organ weights, and echocardiographic studies. The results exhibited that body weights were significantly reduced and the gain of different organ weights were partly eased by GBCK25 treatment. Echocardiography results proposed the amelioration of heart function through normalized levels of left ventricle systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. These outcomes deliver straight confirmation that GBCK25 could be a potential nutraceutical source for the relief of HFD-induced obesity mediated cardiac dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sharmila
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gue Shin
- Research Center, GeneralBio Co. Ltd., Jeonbuk Technopark R&D Support Center, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Research Center, GeneralBio Co. Ltd., Jeonbuk Technopark R&D Support Center, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hossen MJ, Yang WS, Kim D, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Thymoquinone: An IRAK1 inhibitor with in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42995. [PMID: 28216638 PMCID: PMC5316937 DOI: 10.1038/srep42995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component of black seed (Nigella sativa) volatile oil and has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory effect of TQ and its target proteins using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 and human monocyte-like U937 cells, together with LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse models. TQ strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and repressed NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)−2, interleukin (IL)−6, and IL-1β expression in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of LPS/D-GalN–induced hepatitis and EtOH/HCl–induced gastritis mouse models with TQ significantly ameliorated disease symptoms. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we also showed that the nuclear levels of transcription factors and phosphorylation patterns of signaling proteins, activator protein (AP)−1, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways were all affected by TQ treatment. Finally, we used additional kinase and luciferase validation assays with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) to show that IRAK1 is directly suppressed by TQ treatment. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of TQ are caused by suppression of IRAK-linked AP-1/NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Kim
- Laboratory of Bio-informatics, Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baek KS, Yi YS, Son YJ, Jeong D, Sung NY, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Comparison of anticancer activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived fractions. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:386-391. [PMID: 28701882 PMCID: PMC5489769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an ethnopharmacological plant that is traditionally used to improve the body's immune functions and ameliorate the symptoms of various diseases. However, the antitumorigenic effects of KRG and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood in terms of its individual components. In this study, in vitro and in vivo antitumorigenic activities of KRG were explored in water extract (WE), saponin fraction (SF), and nonsaponin fraction (NSF). METHODS In vitro antitumorigenic activities of WE, SF, and NSF of KRG were investigated in the C6 glioma cell line using cytotoxicity, migration, and proliferation assays. The underlying molecular mechanisms of KRG fractions were determined by examining the signaling cascades of apoptotic cell death by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The in vivo antitumorigenic activities of WE, SF, and NSF were investigated in a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS SF induced apoptotic death of C6 glioma cells and suppressed migration and proliferation of C6 glioma cells, whereas WE and NSF neither induced apoptosis nor suppressed migration of C6 glioma cells. SF downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in C6 glioma cells but had no effect on the expression of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. Moreover, SF treatment resulted in activation of caspase-3 as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. Finally, WE, SF, and NSF exhibited in vivo antitumorigenic activities in the xenograft mouse model by suppressing the growth of grafted CT-26 carcinoma cells without decreasing the animal body weight. CONCLUSION These results suggest that WE, SF, and NSF of KRG are able to suppress tumor growth via different molecular and cellular mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis and activation of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Yoon Sung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aravinthan A, Kamala-Kannan S, Govarthanan M, Kim JH. Accumulation of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles and its impact on various organs of Sprague Dawley rats: a systematic study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1530-1538. [PMID: 30090454 PMCID: PMC6061706 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many in vivo studies have revealed that the cytotoxic potential of gold nanoparticles results in controversial conclusions. The aim of this study is to establish a systematic method for determining the biological effects of gold nanoparticles in rats. Methods: In the present investigation AuNPs were prepared using Helianthus tuberosus extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using various techniques, such as Bio-TEM, SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized AuNPs was assessed using the rat as an animal model. Subchronic oral administration of AuNPs (5 and 10 mg kg-1) and its effect on major organs (liver, kidney, lungs, and spleen) and its accumulation were analyzed using haematoxylin & eosin staining and ICP-MS respectively. The extent of apoptosis in the liver cells was determined using western blotting. Results: The results of the current study revealed that the synthesized AuNPs at a mild concentration of 5 mg kg-1 have been found to cause a hypoglycemic state and an increase in the HDL cholesterol level in normal rats. Nevertheless, histopathological results revealed that AuNPs could cause inflammation in the lungs at increasing concentrations. Conclusion: The biologically synthesized AuNPs were evaluated in this study showed a hypoglycemic effect at a concentration of 5 mg kg-1 AuNPs. A systemic study on the accumulation of AuNPs revealed that the lung is the major target organ and further suggests that enduring administration could lead to organ damage as majorly observed in lung tissue. This study highlights the necessity of complete in vivo toxicity analysis, prior to introducing nanoparticles in any application field. Further, this study warrants the application of the synthesized AuNPs in drug delivery related to lung disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Biosafety Research Institute , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 561-756 , South Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-63-850-0952
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology , Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience , College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan 570 752 , South Korea .
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Division of Biotechnology , Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience , College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan 570 752 , South Korea .
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering , College of Environmental Technology , Muroran Institute of Technology , Muroran-050-8585 , Japan
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Biosafety Research Institute , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 561-756 , South Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-63-850-0952
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee JY, Aravinthan A, Park YS, Hwang KY, Seong SI, Hwang K. Supplementation of a Fermented Soybean Extract Reduces Body Mass and Prevents Obesity in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:187-196. [PMID: 27752494 PMCID: PMC5063203 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem that many countries face, mostly due to the consumption of a Westernized diet. In this present study we observed the effects of a soybean extract fermented by Bacillus subtilis MORI (BTD-1) containing 1-deoxynojirimycin against high fat diet-induced obesity. The results obtained from this study indicated that BTD-1 reduced body weight, regulated hepatic lipid content and adipose tissue, and also affected liver antioxidant enzymes and glucose metabolism. These results suggest that administration of BTD-1 affects obesity by inhibiting hyperglycemia and free radical-mediated stress; it also reduces lipid accumulation. Therefore, BTD-1 may be potentially useful for the prevention of obesity and its related secondary complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Lee
- R&D Center for Life Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Gangwon 24398, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54596, Korea
| | - Young Shik Park
- R&D Center for Life Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Gangwon 24398, Korea
| | - Kyo Yeol Hwang
- R&D Center for Life Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Gangwon 24398, Korea
| | - Su-Il Seong
- R&D Center for Life Science, Biotopia Co., Ltd., Gangwon 24398, Korea
| | - Kwontack Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aravinthan A, Antonisamy P, Kim B, Kim NS, Shin DG, Seo JH, Kim JH. Fermented ginseng, GBCK25, ameliorates hemodynamic function on experimentally induced myocardial injury. J Ginseng Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
Baek KS, Yi YS, Son YJ, Yoo S, Sung NY, Kim Y, Hong S, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components. J Ginseng Res 2016; 40:437-444. [PMID: 27746698 PMCID: PMC5052440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), saponin fraction (KRG-SF), and nonsaponin fraction (KRG-NSF), were investigated. Methods To check saponin levels in the test fractions, KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these components were investigated using a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and an acute gastritis model in mice. Results Of the tested fractions, KGR-SF (but not KRG-NSF and KRG-WE) markedly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes at more than 500 μg/mL significantly suppressed NO production at 100 μg/mL, diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-β at 200 μg/mL, and completely blocked phagocytic uptake by RAW264.7 cells. All three fractions suppressed luciferase activity triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not that triggered by activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B. Phospho-IRF3 and phospho-TBK1 were simultaneously decreased in KRG-SF. Interestingly, all these fractions, when orally administered, clearly ameliorated the symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice. Conclusion These results suggest that KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF might have anti-inflammatory properties, mostly because of the suppression of the IRF3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nak Yoon Sung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park JG, Son YJ, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells. J Ginseng Res 2016; 40:431-436. [PMID: 27746697 PMCID: PMC5052435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although numerous studies of the anticancer activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) have been performed, the therapeutic effect of KRG on leukemia has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antileukemia activities of KRG and its cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods An established leukemia tumor model induced by xenografted T cell lymphoma (RMA cells) was used to test the therapeutic activity of KRG water extract (KRG-WE). Direct cytotoxic activity of KRG-WE was confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The immunomodulatory activities of KRG-WE were verified by immunohistochemistry, nitric oxide production assay. The inhibitory effect of KRG-WE on cell survival signaling was also examined. Results Orally administered KRG-WE reduced the sizes of tumor masses. Levels of apoptosis regulatory enzymes and cleaved forms of caspases-3 and -8 were increased by this extract. In addition, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, a metastasis regulatory enzyme, was decreased by KRG-WE treatment. The proportion of CD11c+ cells was remarkably increased in the KRG-treated group compared to the control group. However, KRG-WE did not show significant direct cytotoxicity against RMA cells. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that the KRG might have antileukemia activity through CD11c+ cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antonisamy P, Subash-Babu P, Albert-Baskar A, Alshatwi AA, Aravinthan A, Ignacimuthu S, Choi KC, Lee SC, Kim JH. Experimental study on gastroprotective efficacy and mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-glucoside isolated from Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn. in different experimental models. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
19
|
Singaravelu S, Ramanathan G, Muthukumar T, Raja MD, Nagiah N, Thyagarajan S, Aravinthan A, P G, Natarajan TS, V N Geetha Selva G, Kim JH, Sivagnanam UT. Durable keratin-based bilayered electrospun mats for wound closure. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3982-3997. [PMID: 32263097 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bilayered nanofibrous scaffold with rapid wound healing properties is found to be suitable for tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this study is to reveal the fabrication of a poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (P)-gelatin (G) nanofibrous mat through electrospinning, with a horn keratin-chitosan-based biosheet (KC) as a bilayered nanofibrous scaffold. The mupirocin (D)-loaded horn KC biosheet (KCD) acts as the primary layer over which PG nanofibers were electrospun to act as the secondary layer. It is shown that this engineered bilayered nanofibrous scaffold material (KC-PG) should fulfill the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by elucidating its function in vitro and in vivo. The bilayered nanofibrous scaffold was designed to exhibit improved physiochemical, biological and mechanical properties, with better swelling and porosity for enhanced oxygen permeability, and it also exhibits an acceptable antibacterial property to prevent infection at the wound site. The bilayered nanofibrous scaffold assists in better biocompatibility towards fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. The morphology of the nanofibrous scaffold aids increased cell adhesion and proliferation with cell material interactions. This was elucidated with the help of in vitro fluorescence staining against both cell lines. The bilayered KCD-PG nanofibrous scaffold material gives accelerated wound healing efficiency during in vivo wound healing. The results showed the regulation of growth factors with enhanced collagen synthesis, thereby helping in faster wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Singaravelu
- Bioproducts Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600020, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muthukumar T, Sudhakumari, Sambandam B, Aravinthan A, Sastry TP, Kim JH. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their enhanced synergistic antitumor activity using HepG2 and MCF7 cells and its antibacterial effects. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Park JG, Kang WS, Park KT, Park DJ, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anticancer effect of joboksansam, Korean wild ginseng germinated from bird feces. J Ginseng Res 2016; 40:304-8. [PMID: 27616908 PMCID: PMC5005356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joboksansam, Korean bird wild ginseng, is an artificially cultivated wild ginseng germinated from bird feces. Although numerous pharmacologic activities of wild ginsengs have been reported, the beneficial effect of joboksansam in cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of joboksansam powder. METHODS To evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity of joboksansam, we established a xenograft mouse model bearing RMA cell-derived cancer. Direct cytotoxicity induced by joboksansam powder was also investigated in vitro using (3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The inhibitory activity of this powder on the activation of cell survival signaling involving Akt and Src was examined with immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Joboksansam powder displayed strong inhibitory activity against the increased tumor size, increased weight of total body and cancer tissues, and mortality of tumor-bearing mice. Joboksansam powder also suppressed the activation of survival regulatory enzymes Akt and Src, as assessed by phosphorylation levels in the immunoblot analysis of tumor tissues. Interestingly, the viability of RMA cells in vitro was directly decreased by joboksansam treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, our results strongly suggest that joboksansam powder has the potential to protect against cancer generation by direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells resulting from suppression of cell survival signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Tae Park
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aravinthan A, Arkatkar A, Juwarkar AA, Doble M. Synergistic growth of Bacillus and Pseudomonas and its degradation potential on pretreated polypropylene. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:109-15. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.985836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Ambika Arkatkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Asha A. Juwarkar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antonisamy P, Arasu MV, Dhanasekaran M, Choi KC, Aravinthan A, Kim NS, Kang CW, Kim JH. Protective effects of trigonelline against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats and potential underlying mechanisms. Food Funct 2016; 7:398-408. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective activity of trigonelline against indomethacin-induced ulcer and the role of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulrayer Antonisamy
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Biosafety Research Institute
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan-city
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Muniappan Dhanasekaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology
- Entomology Research Institute
- Loyola College
- Chennai 600 034
- India
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and forage division
- National Institute of Animal Science
- RDA
- Chungnam 330-801
- Republic of Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Biosafety Research Institute
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan-city
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Biosafety Research Institute
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan-city
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Biosafety Research Institute
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan-city
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Biosafety Research Institute
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan-city
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sengottaiyan A, Mythili R, Selvankumar T, Aravinthan A, Kamala-Kannan S, Manoharan K, Thiyagarajan P, Govarthanan M, Kim JH. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum indicum L. and their antibacterial, splenocyte cytotoxic potentials. Res Chem Intermed 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Balamurugan R, Vendan SE, Aravinthan A, Kim JH. Isolation and structural characterization of 2R, 3R taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside from ethyl acetate extract of Hydnocarpus alpina and its hypoglycemic effect by attenuating hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2015; 111:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
26
|
Aravinthan A, Govarthanan M, Selvam K, Praburaman L, Selvankumar T, Balamurugan R, Kamala-Kannan S, Kim JH. Sunroot mediated synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial and rat splenocyte cytotoxic effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1977-83. [PMID: 25792831 PMCID: PMC4362901 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, green phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Helianthus tuberosus (sunroot tuber) was reported in this study. The morphology of the AgNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that biomolecules in the tuber extract were involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the AgNPs, using an energy range of 2–4 keV, confirmed the presence of elemental silver without any contamination. Further, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against phytopathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis. The AgNPs (1–4 mM) extensively reduced the growth rate of the phytopathogens. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of the synthesized AgNPs was analyzed using rat splenocytes. The cell viability was decreased according to the increasing concentration of AgNPs and 67% of cell death was observed at 100 μg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adithan Aravinthan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea ; PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandasamy Selvam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea ; PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangasamy Selvankumar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rangachari Balamurugan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Antonisamy P, Subash-Babu P, Alshatwi AA, Aravinthan A, Ignacimuthu S, Choi KC, Kim JH. Gastroprotective effect of nymphayol isolated from Nymphaea stellata (Willd.) flowers: contribution of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:157-63. [PMID: 25289771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is an illness that affects a great number of people worldwide. The goal of the present research was to assess the anti-ulcerogenic activity of nymphayol (NYM), isolated from Nymphaea stellata, against an ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. Administration of ethanol elevates the levels of the ulcer index (UI) along with causing tremendous increases in lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and significant decreases in gastric mucus, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, the NYM- (45 mg/kg) pretreated animals showed considerable increases in antioxidants, gastric mucus, and PGE2 level and significant decreases in UI, lipid peroxidation, and MPO level. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were increased and the level of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was decreased in ethanol-induced ulcerated animals, and these inequalities were amended by NYM pretreatment. Pro-apoptotic markers including caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were decreased and Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic marker, was increased through NYM pretreatment, as compared with the ethanol-induced ulcer group. Pretreatment with indomethacin, SC560, rofecoxib, and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) considerably prevented the ulcer protective activity of NYM (45 mg/kg), indicating the involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in NYM-mediated gastroprotection against ethanol-induced ulcer. These outcomes suggest that the gastroprotective effect of NYM might be mediated by adjustment of inflammatory mediators and apoptotic markers and increasing antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulrayer Antonisamy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Aravinthan A, Al-Naeeb Y, Abubacker Z, Richardson P. A gastrointestinal cause for heart failure. Gut 2009; 58:1103, 1128. [PMID: 19592694 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.172536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Aravinthan
- Luton and Dunstable Hospital, Lewsey Road, Luton LU4 0DZ, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) occurs due to the overgrowth of gastric mucosa over the inner bumper of a gastrostomy tube. Various therapeutic approaches have been described for the management of BBS. However, no standardized clinical protocol deals with this complication. The authors describe their experience of dealing with BBS. Case notes of the patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) between February 2002 and December 2007 at their institute were reviewed retrospectively, and cases of BBS were analyzed. During this 71-month period, 356 PEG procedures were preformed. Seven patients with BBS were identified from the case note review (incidence of 1.97%). Attempts at endoscopic removal of the buried bumper were made but unfortunately failed. In view of the patients' associated comorbidity, the buried bumpers in these patients were left in situ, and a new PEG was inserted adjacent to the first site in 6 individuals. In 1 patient, a jejunal extension tube was inserted through the original PEG tube for feeding. No complications from the buried bumper arose in these patients during a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 1-46 months). Some patients being fed by a PEG tube are in poor general health and have significant comorbidities. They are therefore poor candidates for surgical or endoscopic removal of a buried bumper. In such patients, leaving the internal bumper in situ should be considered as a relatively safe treatment option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kejariwal
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|