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Zhu H, Cai Y, Slimmen LJM, de Bruijn ACJM, van Rossum AMC, Folkerts G, Braber S, Unger WWJ. Galacto-Oligosaccharides as an Anti-Infective and Anti-Microbial Agent for Macrolide-Resistant and -Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050659. [PMID: 37242328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance of the atypical bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) challenges the treatment of MP infections, especially in children. Therefore, alternative strategies for the treatment of MP infections are warranted. Galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS and FOS) are a specific group of complex carbohydrates that were recently shown to possess direct anti-pathogenic properties. In this study, we assessed whether GOS and FOS exert anti-microbial and anti-infective effects against MP and, especially, macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) in vitro. The MIC values of GOS for MP and MRMP were 4%. In contrast, the MIC values of FOS for both MP and MRMP were 16%. A time-kill kinetic assay showed that FOS possess bacteriostatic properties, while for GOS, a bactericidal effect against MP and MRMP was observed after 24 h at a concentration of 4x MIC. In co-cultures with human alveolar A549 epithelial cells, GOS killed adherent MP and MRMP and also concentration-dependently inhibited their adherence to A549 cells. Further, GOS suppressed (MR)MP-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in A549 cells. None of the aforementioned parameters were affected when FOS were added to these co-cultures. In conclusion, the anti-infective and anti-microbial properties of GOS could provide an alternative treatment against MRMP and MP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Zhu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Cai
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisa J M Slimmen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C J M de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Meyer Sauteur PM, de Groot RCA, Estevão SC, Hoogenboezem T, de Bruijn ACJM, Sluijter M, de Bruijn MJW, De Kleer IM, van Haperen R, van den Brand JMA, Bogaert D, Fraaij PLA, Vink C, Hendriks RW, Samsom JN, Unger WWJ, van Rossum AMC. The Role of B Cells in Carriage and Clearance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae From the Respiratory Tract of Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:298-309. [PMID: 29099932 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carriage of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in the nasopharynx is considered a prerequisite for pulmonary infection. It is interesting to note that Mp carriage is also detected after infection. Although B cells are known to be involved in pulmonary Mp clearance, their role in Mp carriage is unknown. Methods In this study, we show in a mouse model that Mp persists in the nose after pulmonary infection, similar to humans. Results Infection of mice enhanced Mp-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, nasal washes only contained elevated Mp-specific IgA. These differences in Ig compartmentalization correlated with differences in Mp-specific B cell responses between nose- and lung-draining lymphoid tissues. Moreover, transferred Mp-specific serum Igs had no effect on nasal carriage in B cell-deficient μMT mice, whereas this enabled μMT mice to clear pulmonary Mp infection. Conclusions We report the first evidence that humoral immunity is limited in clearing Mp from the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C A de Groot
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia C Estevão
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Hoogenboezem
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C J M de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Sluijter
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ismé M De Kleer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rien van Haperen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter L A Fraaij
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Vink
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus University College, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lu P, Struijs MC, Mei J, Witte-Bouma J, Korteland-van Male AM, de Bruijn ACJM, van Goudoever JB, Renes IB. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response and altered T cell differentiation in necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78491. [PMID: 24194940 PMCID: PMC3806824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) play important roles in chronic intestinal inflammation. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants and is characterized by acute intestinal inflammation and necrosis. The objective of the study is to investigate the role of ER stress and the UPR in NEC patients. Methods Ileal tissues from NEC and control patients were obtained during surgical resection and/or at stoma closure. Splicing of XBP1 was detected using PCR, and gene expression was quantified using qPCR and Western blot. Results Splicing of XBP1 was only detected in a subset of acute NEC (A-NEC) patients, and not in NEC patients who had undergone reanastomosis (R-NEC). The other ER stress and the UPR pathways, PERK and ATF6, were not activated in NEC patients. A-NEC patients showing XBP1 splicing (A-NEC-XBP1s) had increased mucosal expression of GRP78, CHOP, IL6 and IL8. Similar results were obtained by inducing ER stress and the UPR invitro. A-NEC-XBP1s patients showed altered T cell differentiation indicated by decreased mucosal expression of RORC, IL17A and FOXP3. A-NEC-XBP1s patients additionally showed more severe morphological damage and a worse surgical outcome. Compared with A-NEC patients, R-NEC patients showed lower mucosal IL6 and IL8 expression and higher mucosal FOXP3 expression. Conclusions XBP1 splicing, ER stress and the UPR in NEC are associated with increased IL6 and IL8 expression levels, altered T cell differentiation and severe epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiaping Mei
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Renes
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lu P, Bar-Yoseph F, Levi L, Lifshitz Y, Witte-Bouma J, de Bruijn ACJM, Korteland-van Male AM, van Goudoever JB, Renes IB. High beta-palmitate fat controls the intestinal inflammatory response and limits intestinal damage in mucin Muc2 deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65878. [PMID: 23776564 PMCID: PMC3680492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitic-acid esterified to the sn-1,3 positions of the glycerol backbone (alpha, alpha'-palmitate), the predominant palmitate conformation in regular infant formula fat, is poorly absorbed and might cause abdominal discomfort. In contrast, palmitic-acid esterified to the sn-2 position (beta-palmitate), the main palmitate conformation in human milk fat, is well absorbed. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of high alpha, alpha'-palmitate fat (HAPF) diet and high beta-palmitate fat (HBPF) diet on colitis development in Muc2 deficient (Muc2(-/-)) mice, a well-described animal model for spontaneous enterocolitis due to the lack of a protective mucus layer. METHODS Muc2(-/-) mice received AIN-93G reference diet, HAPF diet or HBPF diet for 5 weeks after weaning. Clinical symptoms, intestinal morphology and inflammation in the distal colon were analyzed. RESULTS Both HBPF diet and AIN-93G diet limited the extent of intestinal erosions and morphological damage in Muc2(-/-) mice compared with HAPF diet. In addition, the immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cell response as demonstrated by the up-regulation of Foxp3, Tgfb1 and Ebi3 gene expression levels was enhanced by HBPF diet compared with AIN-93G and HAPF diets. HBPF diet also increased the gene expression of Pparg and enzymatic antioxidants (Sod1, Sod3 and Gpx1), genes all reported to be involved in promoting an immunosuppressive Treg cell response and to protect against colitis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that HBPF diet limits the intestinal mucosal damage and controls the inflammatory response in Muc2(-/-) mice by inducing an immunosuppressive Treg cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Renes
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital - AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Burger-van Paassen N, Loonen LMP, Witte-Bouma J, Korteland-van Male AM, de Bruijn ACJM, van der Sluis M, Lu P, Van Goudoever JB, Wells JM, Dekker J, Van Seuningen I, Renes IB. Mucin Muc2 deficiency and weaning influences the expression of the innate defense genes Reg3β, Reg3γ and angiogenin-4. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38798. [PMID: 22723890 PMCID: PMC3378615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin Muc2 is the structural component of the intestinal mucus layer. Absence of Muc2 leads to loss of this layer allowing direct bacterial-epithelial interactions. We hypothesized that absence of the mucus layer leads to increased expression of innate defense peptides. Specifically, we aimed to study the consequence of Muc2 deficiency (Muc2(-/-)) on the expression of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3γ), and angiogenin-4 (Ang4) in the intestine shortly before and after weaning. METHODS Intestinal tissues of Muc2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were collected at postnatal day 14 (P14, i.e. pre-weaning) and P28 (i.e. post-weaning). Reg3β, Reg3γ, and Ang4 expression was studied by quantitative real-time PCR, Western-blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Reg3β and Reg3γ were expressed by diverging epithelial cell types; namely enterocytes, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Additionally, Ang4 expression was confined to Paneth cells and goblet cells. Expression of Reg3β, Reg3γ, and Ang4 differed between WT and Muc2(-/-) mice before and after weaning. Interestingly, absence of Muc2 strongly increased Reg3β and Reg3γ expression in the small intestine and colon. Finally, morphological signs of colitis were only observed in the distal colon of Muc2(-/-) mice at P28, where and when expression levels of Reg3β, Reg3γ, and Ang4 were the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Expression of Reg3 proteins and Ang4 by goblet cells point to an important role for goblet cells in innate defense. Absence of Muc2 results in up-regulation of Reg3β and Reg3γ expression, suggesting altered bacterial-epithelial signaling and an innate defense response in Muc2(-/-) mice. The inverse correlation between colitis development and Reg3β, Reg3γ, and Ang4 expression levels might point toward a role for these innate defense peptides in regulating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Burger-van Paassen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M. P. Loonen
- Host-Microbe-Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria van der Sluis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Lu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe-Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dekker
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen UR, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team 5 « Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis », Lille, France
| | - Ingrid B. Renes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Puiman PJ, Jensen M, Stoll B, Renes IB, de Bruijn ACJM, Dorst K, Schierbeek H, Schmidt M, Boehm G, Burrin DG, Sangild PT, van Goudoever JB. Intestinal threonine utilization for protein and mucin synthesis is decreased in formula-fed preterm pigs. J Nutr 2011; 141:1306-11. [PMID: 21593357 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.135145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Threonine is an essential amino acid necessary for synthesis of intestinal (glyco)proteins such as mucin MUC2 to maintain adequate gut barrier function. In premature infants, reduced barrier function may contribute to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk protects against NEC compared with infant formula. Therefore, we hypothesized that formula feeding decreases the MUC2 synthesis rate concomitant with a decrease in intestinal first-pass threonine utilization, predisposing the preterm neonate to NEC. Preterm pigs were delivered by caesarian section and received enteral feeding with formula (FORM; n = 13) or bovine colostrum (COL; n = 6) for 2 d following 48 h of total parenteral nutrition. Pigs received a dual stable isotope tracer infusion of threonine to determine intestinal threonine kinetics. NEC developed in 38% of the FORM pigs, whereas none of the COL pigs were affected (P = 0.13). Intestinal fractional first-pass threonine utilization was lower in FORM pigs (49 ± 2%) than in COL pigs (60 ± 4%) (P = 0.02). In FORM pigs compared with COL pigs, protein synthesis (369 ± 31 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) vs. 615 ± 54 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1); P = 0.003) and MUC2 synthesis (121 ± 17%/d vs. 184 ± 15%/d; P = 0.02) were lower in the distal small intestine (SI). Our results suggest that formula feeding compared with colostrum feeding in preterm piglets reduces mucosal growth with a concomitant decrease in first-pass splanchnic threonine utilization, protein synthesis, and MUC2 synthesis in the distal SI. Hence, decreased intestinal threonine metabolism and subsequently impaired gut barrier function may predispose the formula-fed infant to developing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja J Puiman
- Pediatrics, Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam 3015GJ, The Netherlands
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Schaart MW, de Bruijn ACJM, Schierbeek H, Tibboel D, Renes IB, van Goudoever JB. Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G1085-90. [PMID: 19246635 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90444.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 2 (MUC2) is the structural component of the intestinal protective mucus layer, which contains high amounts of threonine in its peptide backbone. MUC2 synthesis rate might be a potential parameter for intestinal barrier function. In this study, we aimed to determine whether systemic threonine was used for small intestinal MUC2 synthesis and to calculate the MUC2 fractional synthetic rate (FSR) in human preterm infants. Seven preterm infants with an enterostomy following bowel resection for necrotizing enterocolitis received intravenous infusion of [U-(13)C]threonine to determine incorporation of systemic threonine into secreted MUC2 in intestinal outflow fluid. Small intestinal MUC2 was isolated using cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation and gravity gel filtration chromatography. MUC2-containing fractions were identified by SDS-PAGE/periodic acid-Schiff staining and Western blot analysis and were subsequently pooled. Isotopic enrichment of threonine, measured in MUC2 using gas chromatography isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, was used to calculate the FSR of MUC2. Systemically derived threonine was indeed incorporated into small intestinal MUC2. Median FSR of small intestinal MUC2 was 67.2 (44.3-103.9)% per day. Systemic threonine is rapidly incorporated into MUC2 in the small intestine of preterm infants, and thereby MUC2 has a very high synthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike W Schaart
- Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Schaart MW, de Bruijn ACJM, Tibboel D, Renes IB, van Goudoever JB. Dietary protein absorption of the small intestine in human neonates. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 31:482-6. [PMID: 17947603 DOI: 10.1177/0148607107031006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine plays a key role in the absorption of dietary proteins, which determines growth of human neonates. Bowel resection in the neonatal period brings loss of absorptive and protective surface and may consequently lead to malabsorption of dietary nutrients. However, there are no data on net dietary protein absorption of the small intestine in the period after intestinal surgery in human neonates. We therefore evaluated dietary feeding tolerance and quantified net dietary protein absorption capacity of the small intestine in human neonates in whom a temporary jejunostomy or ileostomy was created. METHODS Seventeen patients were included in the study. We collected small intestinal outflow fluid at the level of the enterostomy weekly for 24-48 hours during weeks 3 through 6 postoperatively. Protein levels in the intestinal outflow fluid were determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. RESULTS In 14 patients, an enteral intake of >100 mL/kg/d was reached at a median of 17 days (range, 8-32 days) postoperatively. Three patients did not reach this level within the study period. Overall, the net dietary protein absorption capacity was 70%-90% of the total enteral protein intake. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the dietary protein absorption capacity of the small intestine is intact in most human neonates after intestinal surgery in a very critical period of their lives. Furthermore, our results do not support the use of hydrolyzed or elemental formula in newborns with an enterostomy to improve amino acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike W Schaart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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