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Richardot W, Yabes L, Wei HH, Dodder NG, Watanabe K, Cibor A, Schick SF, Novotny TE, Gersberg R, Hoh E. Leached Compounds from Smoked Cigarettes and Their Potential for Bioaccumulation in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1703-1710. [PMID: 37827523 PMCID: PMC10664143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette butts are one of the most prevalent forms of litter worldwide and may leach toxic compounds when deposited in aquatic environments. Previous studies demonstrated that smoked cigarette leachate is toxic toward aquatic organisms. However, the specific bioavailable chemicals from the leachate and the potential for human and wildlife exposure through the food chain were unknown. Using a nontargeted analytical approach based on GC×GC/TOF-MS, 43 compounds were confirmed to leach from smoked cigarettes when exposed to a water source. Additionally, the bioaccumulation potential of organic contaminants in an edible fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), was assessed through direct exposure to the leachate of smoked cigarettes at 0.5 CB/L for 28 days. There was a significant reduction in fish mass among the exposed rainbow trout vs the control group (χ2 (1) = 5.3, p = 0.021). Both nontargeted and targeted chemical analysis of representative fish tissue identified four tobacco alkaloids, nicotine, nicotyrine, myosmine, and 2,2'-bipyridine. Their average tissue concentrations were 466, 55.4, 94.1, and 70.8 ng/g, respectively. This study identifies leached compounds from smoked cigarettes and demonstrates the uptake of specific chemicals in rainbow trout, thus suggesting a potential for accumulation in food webs, resulting in human and wildlife exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
H. Richardot
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Lenard Yabes
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Hung-Hsu Wei
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Kayo Watanabe
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Adrienne Cibor
- Enthalpy
Analytical (formerly Nautilus Environmental), San Diego, California 92120, United States
| | - Suzaynn F. Schick
- School
of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Thomas E. Novotny
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Richard Gersberg
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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