1
|
Wojcieszak M, Kaczmarek DK, Karolak M, Pałkowski Ł, Lewandowska A, Marcinkowska A, Dopierała K, Materna K. Surface-Active Ionic Liquids and Surface-Active Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Synthesis, Characterization to Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:443. [PMID: 38257354 PMCID: PMC10819711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work provides new evidence of the ongoing potential of surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) and surface-active quaternary ammonium salts (surface-active QASs). To achieve this, a series of compounds were synthesized with a yield of ≥85%, and their thermal analyses were studied. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against both human pathogenic and soil microorganisms was investigated. Subsequently, their surface properties were explored with the aim of utilizing SAILs and surface-active QASs as alternatives to commercial amphiphilic compounds. Finally, we analyzed the wettability of the leaves' surface of plants occurring in agricultural fields at different temperatures (from 5 to 25 °C) and the model plant membrane of leaves. Our results show that the synthesized compounds exhibit higher activity than their commercial analogues such as, i.e., didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB), for which the CMC values are 2 mM and 15 mM. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial properties of synthesized compounds relies on their hydrophobic nature accompanied by a cut-off effect. Moreover, the best wettability of the leaves' surface was observed at 25 °C. Our research has yielded valuable insights into the potential effectiveness of SAILs and surface-active QASs as versatile compounds, offering a promising alternative to established antimicrobials and crop protection agents, all the while preserving substantial surface activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wojcieszak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Damian Krystian Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Maciej Karolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, PL-85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Łukasz Pałkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, PL-85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Aneta Lewandowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Dopierała
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Materna
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (D.K.K.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (K.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biedrzycka K, Marcinkowska A. The Use of Hot Melt Extrusion to Prepare a Solid Dispersion of Ibuprofen in a Polymer Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2912. [PMID: 37447557 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the use of the hot melt extrusion method in harsh extrusion conditions, i.e., screw rotation speed of 250 rpm, temperature above 100 °C, and two mixing zones, in order to obtain an amorphous dispersion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that is sparingly soluble in water. As a polymer matrix Eudragit EPO (E-EPO) and as an API ibuprofen (IBU) were used in the research. In addition, the plasticizer Compritol 888 ATO (COM) was tested as a factor potentially improving processing parameters and modifying the IBU release profile. In studies, 25% by weight of IBU, 10% of COM and various extrusion temperatures, i.e., 90, 100, 120, 130, and 140 °C, were used. Hot melt extrusion (HME) temperatures were selected based on the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix (Tg = 42 °C) and the melting points of IBU (Tm = 76 °C) and COM (Tm = 73 °C), which were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the tested compounds, determined on the basis of measurements carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was also taken into account. HME resulted in amorphous E-EPO/IBU solid dispersions and solid dispersions containing a partially crystalline plasticizer in the case of E-EPO/IBU/COM extrudates. Interactions between the components of the extrudate were also studied using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). The occurrence of such interactions in the studied system, which improve the stability of the obtained solid polymer dispersions, was confirmed. On the basis of DSC thermograms and XRPD diffractograms, it was found that amorphous solid dispersions were obtained. In addition, their stability was confirmed in accelerated conditions (40 °C, 75% RH) for 28 days and 3 months. The release profiles of prepared tablets showed the release of 40% to 63% of IBU from the tablets within 180 min in artificial gastric juice solution, with the best results obtained for tablets with E-EPO/IBU extrudate prepared at a processing temperature of 140 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Biedrzycka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
- Applied Manufacturing Science Sp. z o.o, Krzemowa 1, 62-002 Złotniki, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gajewski P, Żyła W, Kazimierczak K, Marcinkowska A. Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Application in Electrochemical Capacitors. Gels 2023; 9:527. [PMID: 37504406 PMCID: PMC10379150 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical capacitors operating in an aqueous electrolyte solution have become ever-more popular in recent years, mainly because they are cheap and ecofriendly. Additionally, aqueous electrolytes have a higher ionic conductivity than organic electrolytes and ionic liquids. These materials can exist in the form of a liquid or a solid (hydrogel). The latter form is a very promising alternative to liquid electrolytes because it is solid, which prevents electrolyte leakage. In our work, hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) were obtained via photopolymerization of a mixture of acrylic oligomer Exothane 108 with methacrylic acid (MAA) in ethanol, which was later replaced by electrolytes (1 M Na2SO4). Through the conducted research, the effects of the monomers ratio and the organic solvent concentration (ethanol) on the mechanical properties (tensile test), electrolyte sorption, and ionic conductivity were examined. Finally, hydrogel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity (σ = 26.5 mS∙cm-1) and sufficient mechanical stability (σmax = 0.25 MPa, εmax = 20%) were tested using an AC/AC electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). The electrochemical properties of the devices were investigated via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results show the application potential of the obtained HPE in EDLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gajewski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Żyła
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kazimierczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wojcieszak M, Syguda A, Lewandowska A, Marcinkowska A, Siwińska-Ciesielczyk K, Wilkowska M, Kozak M, Materna K. Synthesis and Surface Properties of Piperidinium-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids as a Potential Tool for Weed Control. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:4550-4560. [PMID: 36877199 PMCID: PMC10037321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of piperidinium-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) were synthesized and investigated. The designed HILs, obtained with high yields, consisted of cation 1-alkyl-1-methylpiperidinium with surface activity and a commercially available herbicidal anion: (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy)benzoates (dicamba). The above-mentioned compounds were characterized in terms of surface activity and phytotoxicity. Preliminary results were obtained at higher wettability for all HILs when compared to the wettability of commercial Dicash, with HIL having 18 atoms in the carbon chain being the best effectiveness in wetting surfaces (weeds and crop leaves), whereby a drop of HILs with short alkyl chains (C8-C10) could not slide down a leaf. Our findings present that wettability or mobility of HILs drops varied depending on the plant species. Moreover, in this study, by zeta potential and atomic force microscopy measurements, we provide conclusive evidence to demonstrate that alkyl chain elongation plays a significant role in the evolution of surface properties of HILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wojcieszak
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Anna Syguda
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Aneta Lewandowska
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | | | - Michalina Wilkowska
- Department
of Biomedical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department
of Biomedical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Materna
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Przesławski G, Szcześniak K, Gajewski P, Marcinkowska A. Influence of Initiator Concentration on the Polymerization Course of Methacrylate Bone Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225005. [PMID: 36433131 PMCID: PMC9693452 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The amount of oxidant (initiator) and reductant (co-initiator) and their ratio have a significant effect on the properties of polymethacrylate bone cement, such as maximum temperature (Tmax), setting time (tset) and compressive strength (σ). The increase in the initiating system concentration causes an increase in the number of generated radicals and a faster polymerization rate, which shortens the setting time. The influence of the redox-initiating composition on the course of polymerization (rate of polymerization and degree of double bond conversion) and the mechanical properties of bone cement will be analyzed. Methods: Bone cements were synthesized by mixing a powder phase composed of two commercially available methacrylate copolymers (Evonic) and a liquid phase containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (D3). As an initiating system, the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an oxidant (initiator) in combination with a reducing agent (co-initiator), N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA), was used. Samples were prepared with various amounts of peroxide BPO (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by weight) with a constant amount of reducing agent DMA (0.5 wt.%), and various amounts of DMA (0.25%, 0.35% and 0.5% by weight) with a constant amount of BPO (0.3 wt.%). The polymerization kinetics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Doughing time and compressive strength tests were carried out according to the requirements of the ISO 5833:2002 standard. Results: The increase in polymerization rate was due to the increase in the amount of BPO. In addition, the curing time was shortened, as well as the time needed to achieve the maximum polymerization rate. The final conversion of the double bonds in the studied compositions was in the range 74-100%, and the highest value of this parameter was obtained by the system with 0.3 wt.% of BPO. The doughing times for each BPO concentration were in the range of 90-140 s. The best mechanical properties were obtained for the cement following the initiating system concentrations: 0.3 wt.% of BPO and 0.5 wt.% of DMA. Nevertheless, all tested cements met the requirements of the ISO 5833:2002 standard. Conclusions: Based on the conducted polymerization kinetic studies, the best reaction conditions are provided by an initiating system containing 0.3 wt.% of BPO oxidant (initiator) and 0.5 wt.% of DMA reductant (co-initiator). A decrease in the DMA amount caused a decrease in the polymerization rate and the amount of heat released during the reaction. The change in BPO and DMA concentrations in the composition had little effect on the doughing time of the studied bone cement. The cements showed similar doughing times, ranging from 90-225 s, which is comparable to the bone cement available on the market.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gajewski P, Lewandowska A, Szcześniak K, Voelkel A, Marcinkowska A. Optimization of Ionogel Polymer Electrolytes Composition for Their Best Performance in Electric Double Layer Capacitor. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gajewski
- Poznan University of Technology: Politechnika Poznanska Chemical Technology Berdychowo 4 61-965 Poznan POLAND
| | - Aneta Lewandowska
- Poznan University of Technology: Politechnika Poznanska Chemical Technology Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan POLAND
| | - Katarzyna Szcześniak
- Poznan University of Technology: Politechnika Poznanska Chemical Technology Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan POLAND
| | - Adam Voelkel
- Poznan University of Technology: Politechnika Poznanska Chemical Technology Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan POLAND
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Poznan University of Technology: Politechnika Poznanska Chemical Technology Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan POLAND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bernat J, Gajewski P, Kapela R, Marcinkowska A, Superczyńska P. Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Magnetorheological Soft Gripper. Sensors 2022; 22:s22072757. [PMID: 35408370 PMCID: PMC9003519 DOI: 10.3390/s22072757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The magnetorheological elastomer is promising material for applications in soft robotics. Its properties like reactive to external magnetic field and softness allow to construct an attractive devices. This work presents a construction of soft gripper assembled with magnetorheological elastomers. The work describes the detailed molding process of magnetorheological elastomers. Further, the electromechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers are shown using a simple beam. Finally, the soft gripper is constructed and analyzed with the series of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bernat
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (R.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Gajewski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Rafał Kapela
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Paulina Superczyńska
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lewandowska A, Gajewski P, Szcześniak K, Fojud Z, Robakowska M, Skrzypczak A, Voelkel A, Marcinkowska A. Thiol-ene ionogels based on polymerizable imidazolium ionic liquid. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of polymerizable ionic liquids (PILs) and the synthesis of ionogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization. A series of gemini imidazolium-based bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide polymerizable ionic liquids with...
Collapse
|
9
|
Lewandowska A, Gajewski P, Szcześniak K, Marcinkowska A. The Influence of Monomer Structure on the Properties of Ionogels Obtained by Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040214. [PMID: 34842682 PMCID: PMC8628749 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ene and thiol monomer structure on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of thiol-ene polymeric ionogels were investigated. Ionogels were obtained in situ by thiol-ene photopolymerization of 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATT), 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine (TAT), diallyl phthalate (DAP), and glyoxal bis(diallyl acetal) (GBDA) used as enes and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPTP), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate) (PETMB) used as thiols in 70 wt.% of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImNTf2). The mechanical strength of ionogels was studied by puncture resistance and ionic conductivity by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The course of photopolymerization by photo-DSC method (differential scanning calorimetry) as well as characterization of compositions and its components (by IR and UV spectroscopy-Kamlet-Taft parameters) were also studied. The resulting ionogels were opaque, with phase separation, which resulted from the dispersion mechanism of polymerization. The mechanical and conductive properties of the obtained materials were found to be largely dependent on the monomer structure. Ionogels based on triazine monomers TAT and TATT were characterized by higher mechanical strength, while those based on aliphatic GBDA had the highest conductivity. These parameters are strongly related to the structure of the polymer matrix, which is in the form of connected spheres. The conductivity of ionogels was high, in the range of 3.5-5.1 mS∙cm-1.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gajewski P, Lewandowska A, Szcześniak K, Przesławski G, Marcinkowska A. Optimization of the Properties of Photocured Hydrogels for Use in Electrochemical Capacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203495. [PMID: 34685254 PMCID: PMC8539391 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) were obtained by the photopolymerization of a mixture of two monomers: Exothane 8 (Ex8) and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate acid phosphate (HEMA-P) in an organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which was replaced after polymerization with water, and then with the electrolyte. The ratio of monomers as well as the concentration of NMP was changed in the composition to study its influence on the properties of the HPE: conductivity (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) and mechanical properties (puncture resistance). Properties were optimized using a mathematical model to obtain a hydrogel with both good mechanical and conductive properties. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first publication that demonstrates the application of optimization methods for the preparation of HPE. Then, the hydrogel with optimal properties was tested as a separator in a two-electrode symmetric AC/AC pouch-cell. The cells were investigated by cyclic voltammetry galvanostatic charge/discharge with potential limitation and EIS. Good mechanical properties of HPE allowed for obtaining samples of smaller thickness while maintaining very good dimensional stability. Thus, the electrochemical capacitor (EC) resistance was reduced and their electrochemical properties improved. Moreover, photopolymerization kinetics in the solvent and in bulk by photo-DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) were performed. The great impact on the polymerization of HEMA-P and its mixtures (with Ex8 and NMP) have strong intermolecular interactions between reagents molecules (i.e., hydrogen bonds).
Collapse
|
11
|
Filipowiak K, Dudzińska P, Wieszczycka K, Buchwald T, Nowicki M, Lewandowska A, Marcinkowska A. Novel Polymer Sorbents with Imprinted Task-Specific Ionic Liquids for Metal Removal. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14175008. [PMID: 34501098 PMCID: PMC8434268 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the potential of novel polymer sorbents with the imprinted IL-functional group for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch mode. The sorbents were fabricated by direct reaction of the prepared polymer matrix (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene), VBC, and poly(vinylbenzyl bromide-divinylbenzene), VBBr) with 1-(3- or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one and oxime of 1-(3- or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to show functionality and stability of the sorbents. The materials were also characterized by contact-angle goniometry, X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta potential analysis. The removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was monitored and optimized under the influence of several operational controlling conditions and factors such as pH, shaking time, temperature, initial metal ions concentration, and counter-ions at the functional group. The results obtained confirmed the very high potential of the sorbents; however, the properties depend on the structure of the functional group. The tested sorbents showed fast kinetics, significant capacity at 25 °C (84 mg/g for the Zn(II) sorption with VBC-Ox4.10, 63 mg/g for the Cd(II) sorption with VBBr-Ox3.10, and 69 mg/g for the Cu(II) sorption with VBC-K3.10), and temperature dependence (even 100% increase in capacity values at 45 °C). The selected sorbent can be regenerated without a significant decrease in the metal removal efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Filipowiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Patrycja Dudzińska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-665-36-88
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Aneta Lewandowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.L.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marcinkowska A, Zgrzeba A, Lota G, Kopczyński K, Andrzejewska E. Ionogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization in ionic liquids: Formation, morphology and properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Marcinkowska A, Gauza-Wlodarczyk M, Kubisz L, Hedzelek W. The electrical properties and glass transition of some dental materials after temperature exposure. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:186. [PMID: 29039617 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dental materials will remain stable only when these materials in question are resistant to the changes in the oral cavity. The oral environment is subject to large temperature variations. The aim of the study was the assessment of electrical properties and glass transition of some dental materials after temperature exposure. Composite materials, compomers, materials for temporary prosthetic replacement and resin-based pit and fissure sealants were used in the study. The method used was electric conductivity of materials under changing temperature. The order of materials presenting the best characteristics for insulators was as follows: materials for temporary prosthetic replacement, resin-based pit and fissure sealants, composites, and compomers. Thanks to comparisons made between graphs during I and II heating run, the method could be used to observe changes in the heated material and determine whether the changes observed are reversible or permanent. The graphs also provided temperature values which contain information on glass transition during heating. In the oral cavity the effect of the constant temperature stimulus influences maturity of dental materials and improves their properties. But high temperatures over glass transition temperature can cause irreversible deformation and changes of the materials properties, even in a short time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Marcinkowska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marlena Gauza-Wlodarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Chemicum, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Leszek Kubisz
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Chemicum, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Hedzelek
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Vinyl ether/thiol photopolymerization is accelerated by solvents; it occurs faster in non-ionic solvents than in ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zgrzeba
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - E. Andrzejewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - A. Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ziobrowski P, Nowicka A, Andrzejewska E, Marcinkowska A, Drozdowski M. Brillouin study of photopolymerization process of two-monomer systems. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:815-818. [PMID: 20926336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The results of Brillouin scattering investigations of two-component system: 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane/polyethylene glycol methacrylate (bis-GMA/PEGMM) containing 0, 30, 50, 70, 85 and 100 mol% of PEGMM are presented. For the first time the Brillouin spectroscopy was used to monitor the progress of the polymerization process. The polymerization was initiated by ultraviolet radiation (λ=365 nm), at temperature 20°C and 40°C. Some of the physical parameters characteristic for this system such as velocity V, adiabatic compressibility β(ad) and attenuation coefficient α of the acoustic waves have been estimated from Brillouin spectra as a functions of the polymerization time. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of changes of the elastic properties of the two-component system occurring during polymerization process and their dependence on bis-GMA/PEGMM system composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ziobrowski
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ziobrowski P, Drozdowski M, Andrzejewska E, Marcinkowska A, Łapsa K. Elastic properties of some selected two-monomer systems as studied by Brillouin spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:809-814. [PMID: 20864387 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present results obtained by Brillouin scattering method for four two-component systems comprising of a high viscosity monomer and a low viscosity monomer. The monomers used were crosslinking (divinyl) or linear (monovinyl) ones. The investigated systems were: divinyl/divinyl-bis-GMA/TEGDM; divinyl/monovinyl-bis-GMA/PEGMM; monovinyl/divinyl-bis-MGMA/TEGDM and monovinyl/monovinyl-bis-MGMA/PEGMM; they were formulated at various molar ratios. The measurements have been performed in temperature range 293-353 K. The following physical parameters characterizing the investigated systems were estimated: hypersonic velocity V, attenuation coefficient α and adiabatic compressibility β, all as a function of temperature and monomer molar ratio. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of the influence of the system composition and viscosity on their elastic properties. Speed of changes of the adiabatic compressibility β as derivative have been also discussed in terms of both, the temperature as well as the component of molar ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ziobrowski
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Łapsa K, Marcinkowska A, Andrzejewska E, Drozdowski M. Brillouin spectroscopy studies of two-component polymerizable liquid system: 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxymethacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane/benzyl methacrylate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:841-847. [PMID: 20934905 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy was used to investigate viscoelastic properties of a two-component system consisting of a high viscosity liquid (HVL) and a low viscosity liquid (LVL), both able to polymerize. The model liquids were: 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxymethacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (abbreviated as bis-GMA, HVL) and benzyl methacrylate (BzMA, LVL). The viscosity of the system was regulated by changing the monomer ratio. Hypersonic velocity and attenuation coefficient were investigated in a temperature range covering viscoelastic relaxation process. The dependence of the longitudinal viscosity on the system composition was determined. Additionally, the Brillouin studies were accompanied by some supplementary experimental methods, like low frequency shear viscosity measurements and observations of phase transitions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The investigated monomer mixtures were then polymerized in a light-induced process and the polymerization kinetic curves were measured to find the possible correlation between the viscoelastic properties of the monomer mixture (as observed by Brillouin spectroscopy) and the polymerization course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Łapsa
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andrzejewska E, Marcinkowska A, Wegner K. Nanocomposites obtained by photopolymerization of (methacrylate monomer)/(methacrylate functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) system. POLIMERY-W 2011. [DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2011.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Kuzma-Richeret A, Saczko J, Choromańska A, Dumanska M, Drag-Zalesinska M, Wysocka T, Chwilkowska A, Pola A, Mosiadz D, Marcinkowska A, Kulbacka J. The influence of phenothiazine derivatives on doxorubicin treatment in sensitive and resistant human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2011; 57:261-267. [PMID: 22264721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonly treated by various combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Most cancers either are increasingly resistant to any initial treatment or acquire resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs over time. Combination of more than one drug or combination with multidrug resistance (MDR) modifiers will possibly support the efficiency of the applied therapy. Understanding the MDR mechanisms in malignancies is crucial for developing novel strategies for treatment. The main goal of our study was to determine the cytostatic effect of doxorubicin in combination with phenothiazine derivatives (PD; promazine and triflupromazine) in doxorubicin-sensitive (MCF-7/WT) and -resistant (MCF-7/DOX) human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. We determined cytotoxicity of the investigated compounds (MTT assay) after 24 and 48 h. The effect of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated and doxorubicin localization was performed using confocal microscopy. The mode of the cell death was examined by the comet assay. We also determined the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a membrane-associated protein responsible for the multidrug resistance.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Andrzejewska E, Marcinkowska A. New aspects of viscosity effects on the photopolymerization kinetics of the 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxymethacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer system. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Stasiewicz-Jarocka B, Haus O, Van Assche E, Kostyk E, Constantinou M, Rybałko A, Krzykwa B, Marcinkowska A, Barisic I, Kucinskas V, Katuzewski B, Schwanitz G, Midro AT. Genetic counseling in carriers of reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving long arm of chromosome 16. Clin Genet 2005; 66:189-207. [PMID: 15324317 DOI: 10.1111/j.0009-9163.2004.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Families with balanced chromosomal changes ascertained by unbalanced progeny, miscarriages, or by chance are interested in their probability for unbalanced offspring and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This is usually done based on the original data published by Stengel-Rutkowski et al. several decades ago. That data set has never been updated. It is particularly true for the subgroup with low number of observations, to which belong reciprocal chromosomal translocations (RCTs) with breakpoint in an interstitial segment of 16q. The 11 pedigrees from original data together with the new 18 pedigrees of RCT carriers at risk of single-segment imbalance detected among 100 pedigrees of RCT carriers with breakpoint position at 16q were used for re-evaluation of the probability estimation for unbalanced offspring at birth and at second trimester of prenatal diagnosis, published in 1988. The new probability rate for unbalanced offspring after 2 : 2 disjunction and adjacent-1 segregation for the total group of pedigrees was 4 +/- 3.9% (1/25). In addition, the probability estimate for unbalanced fetuses at second trimester of prenatal diagnosis was calculated as 2/11, i.e. 18.2 +/- 11.6%. The probability rates for miscarriages and stillbirths/early deaths were about 16 +/- 7.3% (4/25) and <2% (0/25), respectively. Considering different segment lengths of 16q, higher probability rate (0/8, i.e. <6.1%) for maternal RCT carriers at risk of distal 16q segment imbalance (shorter segment) was obtained in comparison with the rate (0/10, i.e. <4.8%) for RCT at risk of proximal segment imbalance (longer segment). It supports findings obtained from the original data for RCT with other chromosomes, where the probability for unbalanced offspring generally increased with decreasing length of the segments involved in RCT. Our results were applied for five new families with RCT involving 16q, namely three at risk of single-segment imbalance [t(8;16)(q24.3;q22)GTG, ish(wcp8+,wcp16+;wcp8-,wcp16+), t(11;16)(q25;q22)GTG, and t(11;16)(q25;q13)GTG] and two with RCT at risk of double-segment imbalance [t(16;19)(q13;q13.3)GTG, isht(16;19)(q13;q13.3) (D16Z3+,16QTEL013-D19S238E+,TEL19pR-; D16Z3-, D19S238E-,TEL19pR+), and t(16;20)(q11.1;q12)GTG, m ish,t(16;20)(wcp16+,wcp20+;wcp16+,wcp20+)]. They have been presented in details to illustrate how the available empiric data could be used in practice for genetic counseling.
Collapse
|
24
|
Marcinkowska A, Malarska A, Saczko J, Chwiłkowska A, Wysocka T, Drag-Zalesińska M, Wysocka T, Banaś T. Photofrin--factor of photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis and necrosis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2002; 39 Suppl 2:177-8. [PMID: 11820595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes irreversible photodamage of tumor and other malignant tissues. The effect of reactive oxygen species generation in the presence of photofrin (HpD) was studied. The studies were performed on endothelial cell line from foetal aorta of calves and on normal fibroblasts cell line (3T3 -Balb) and also on malignant line (A431). The cells were grown in presence of photofrin at different time intervals. Time of interaction of photosensitiser with cells was very important. Short time of exposure of the cells to photofrin induced mostly apoptosis in normal cells and apoptotic or necrotic changes in malignant cells. Longer effect of these factors on cells provoked necrosis. The factors of PDT influence dynamic changes of SOD and CT activity. It was dependent on the intensity of factors. These results strongly suggest that HpD has an effect on generation of ROS, which are a signal for development of morphological changes (apoptosis or necrosis) in normal and malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marcinkowska
- Departmentsof Medical Biochemistry, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jagla K, Mucha B, Wilemska A, Marcinkowska A, Soszyńska K, Gołuszko E, Kremplewska E, Szadziewska D, Domaniewski J. [Trial application of transfection tests in feasibility studies for transforming DNA in white blood cells of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia]. Pol Tyg Lek 1990; 45:412-6. [PMID: 2267191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transfection technique with the use of high molecular DNA was applied for the investigations of peripheral blood white cells DNA transforming properties in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia B. Using transfection tests in liquid medium (focus assay) and colony forming in soft agar, the differences in L(tk-) cells transformation were noted following an addition of neoplastic DNA. Medium collected over transformants has shown mitogen properties in micro-mitogen tests on cells BALB/c 3T3. No correlation between clinical stage of the disease and the results of tests was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Jagla
- Katedry i Kliniki Patomorfologii Klinicznej
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marcinkowska A, Danielewicz R, Wolny M. The effect of temperature on catalytic function of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from muscle of pig and carp Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1990; 97:49-54. [PMID: 2253480 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(90)90176-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. The temperature dependence of the kinetics of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from white muscle of carp and skeletal muscle of pig was examined. 2. The Km values of carp muscle enzyme were stable over the temperature range 5-35 degrees C, but increased for pig muscle enzyme with increasing temperature. 3. The Arrhenius plot for pig muscle enzyme is linear but non-linear for carp muscle enzyme. 4. The differences indicate that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from white carp muscle may contribute to the adaptive mechanism of carp to varied temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marcinkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Banaś T, Malarska A, Krotkiewska B, Marcinkowska A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Investigation on the regions responsible for self-assembly of subunits. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1987; 87:391-401. [PMID: 3621906 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(87)90158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1. In glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (EC 1.2.1.12) the four S-loop form the core of the tetramer. 2. Amino acid sequence of the S-loop of the regions of GAPDH from carp muscle was established through the analysis of tryptic digests of the enzyme treated alternatively with bromocyanate and o-iodosobenzoic acid. 3. Enzyme had been oxidized with performic acid. After treatment with trypsin the peptide mixture was fractionated into fragments. 4. CNBr cleavage of this enzyme was performed after S-carboxymethylation. The respective cyanogen bromide fragments have been isolated and characterized. 5. The procedure of protein fragmentation by o-iodosobenzoic acid used to split tryptophanyl peptide bonds. 6. Each peptide obtained after enzymatic or chemical fragmentation was purified to homogeneity by Bio-Gel or Sephadex chromatography, high voltage electrophoresis and descending paper chromatography and characterized by electrochromatography, N- and C-terminal sequence and amino acid composition. 7. The results are compared with those obtained from studies on GAPDH from other sources.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rusinowa F, Kaniasta M, Balcer-Boroniowa A, Marcinkowska A, Robińska E. [Cytogenetic investigations in children and adolescents with dystrophic changes of posterior pole of the eyeball (author's transl)]. Klin Oczna 1977; 47:477-80. [PMID: 592661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
Balcar-Boroń A, Sawa H, Slowik J, Marcinkowska A, Robińska E. [Syndrome of multiple abnormalities in a child with mosaicism 46, XY/47, XY, +E]. Pediatr Pol 1977; 52:1161-4. [PMID: 583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|