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Dreyling M, Fowler NH, Dickinson M, Martinez-Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, Ghosh M, Popplewell L, Chavez JC, Bachy E, Kato K, Harigae H, Kersten MJ, Andreadis C, Riedell PA, Ho PJ, Pérez-Simón JA, Chen AI, Nastoupil LJ, von Tresckow B, María Ferreri AJ, Teshima T, Patten PEM, McGuirk JP, Petzer AL, Offner F, Viardot A, Zinzani PL, Malladi R, Paule I, Zia A, Awasthi R, Han X, Germano D, O'Donovan D, Ramos R, Maier HJ, Masood A, Thieblemont C, Schuster SJ. Durable response after tisagenlecleucel in adults with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: ELARA trial update. Blood 2024; 143:1713-1725. [PMID: 38194692 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tisagenlecleucel is approved for adults with relapsed/refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL) in the third- or later-line setting. The primary analysis (median follow-up, 17 months) of the phase 2 ELARA trial reported high response rates and excellent safety profile in patients with extensively pretreated r/r FL. Here, we report longer-term efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic, and exploratory biomarker analyses after median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range, 22.2-37.7). As of 29 March 2022, 97 patients with r/r FL (grades 1-3A) received tisagenlecleucel infusion (0.6 × 108-6 × 108 chimeric antigen receptor-positive viable T cells). Bridging chemotherapy was allowed. Baseline clinical factors, tumor microenvironment, blood soluble factors, and circulating blood cells were correlated with clinical response. Cellular kinetics were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Median progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Estimated 24-month PFS, DOR, and OS rates in all patients were 57.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.2-67), 66.4% (95% CI, 54.3-76), and 87.7% (95% CI, 78.3-93.2), respectively. Complete response rate and overall response rate were 68.1% (95% CI, 57.7-77.3) and 86.2% (95% CI, 77.5-92.4), respectively. No new safety signals or treatment-related deaths were reported. Low levels of tumor-infiltrating LAG3+CD3+ exhausted T cells and higher baseline levels of naïve CD8+ T cells were associated with improved outcomes. Tisagenlecleucel continued to demonstrate highly durable efficacy and a favorable safety profile in this extended follow-up of 29 months in patients with r/r FL enrolled in ELARA. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03568461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathan Hale Fowler
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- BostonGene, Waltham, MA
| | - Michael Dickinson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joaquin Martinez-Lopez
- Hospital 12 De Octubre, Complutense University, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jason Butler
- Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Monalisa Ghosh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Julio C Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Clinical Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on behalf of Stichting Hemato-Oncologie voor Volwassenen Nederland/Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium
| | - Charalambos Andreadis
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter A Riedell
- David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - P Joy Ho
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Andy I Chen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center and German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrés José María Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Haematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Piers E M Patten
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Cancer l Center, Westwood, KS
| | - Andreas L Petzer
- Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern-Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli," Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ram Malladi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rakesh Awasthi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Xia Han
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | | | - Roberto Ramos
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Aisha Masood
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | - Stephen J Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Hampson LV, Chu J, Zia A, Zhang J, Hsu WC, Parzynski CS, Hao Y, Degtyarev E. Combining the target trial and estimand frameworks to define the causal estimand: an application using real-world data to contextualize a single-arm trial. Stat Biopharm Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2023.2190931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jufen Chu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Yanni Hao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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Thieblemont C, Dickinson M, Martinez-Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, Ghosh M, Popplewell L, Chavez JC, Bachy E, Kato K, Harigae H, Kersten MJ, Andreadis C, Riedell PA, Ho PJ, Pérez-Simón JA, Chen AI, Nastoupil LJ, von Tresckow B, María Ferreri AJ, Teshima T, Patten PEM, McGuirk JP, Petzer A, Offner F, Viardot A, Zinzani PL, Malladi R, Zia A, Bodoni CL, Masood A, Schuster SJ, Fowler NH, Dreyling M. Efficacy of Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Patients (Pts) with High Risk Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma (r/r FL): Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 2 Elara Study. Transplant Cell Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(22)00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fowler NH, Dickinson M, Dreyling M, Martinez-Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, Ghosh M, Popplewell L, Chavez JC, Bachy E, Kato K, Harigae H, Kersten MJ, Andreadis C, Riedell PA, Ho PJ, Pérez-Simón JA, Chen AI, Nastoupil LJ, von Tresckow B, Ferreri AJM, Teshima T, Patten PEM, McGuirk JP, Petzer AL, Offner F, Viardot A, Zinzani PL, Malladi R, Zia A, Awasthi R, Masood A, Anak O, Schuster SJ, Thieblemont C. Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:325-332. [PMID: 34921238 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tisagenlecleucel is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy with clinically meaningful outcomes demonstrated in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell lymphoma. In a previous pilot study of tisagenlecleucel in r/r follicular lymphoma (FL), 71% of patients achieved a complete response (CR). Here we report the primary, prespecified interim analysis of the ELARA phase 2 multinational trial of tisagenlecleucel in adults with r/r FL after two or more treatment lines or who relapsed after autologous stem cell transplant (no. NCT03568461). The primary endpoint was CR rate (CRR). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, pharmacokinetics and safety. As of 29 March 2021, 97/98 enrolled patients received tisagenlecleucel (median follow-up, 16.59 months; interquartile range, 13.8-20.21). The primary endpoint was met. In the efficacy set (n = 94), CRR was 69.1% (95% confidence interval, 58.8-78.3) and ORR 86.2% (95% confidence interval, 77.5-92.4). Within 8 weeks of infusion, rates of cytokine release syndrome were 48.5% (grade ≥3, 0%), neurological events 37.1% (grade ≥3, 3%) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) 4.1% (grade ≥3, 1%) in the safety set (n = 97), with no treatment-related deaths. Tisagenlecleucel is safe and effective in extensively pretreated r/r FL, including in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hale Fowler
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- BostonGene, Waltham, MA, USA.
| | - Michael Dickinson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jason Butler
- Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monalisa Ghosh
- Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Koji Kato
- Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charalambos Andreadis
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - P Joy Ho
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Andy I Chen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Piers E M Patten
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph P McGuirk
- University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Andreas L Petzer
- Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern-Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ram Malladi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rakesh Awasthi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Aisha Masood
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Rafi U, Ahmad S, Zia A, Bokhari SS, Iqbal MA, Roohi N. Contribution of apolipoprotein estimations to cardiovascular risk assessment in women with endometriosis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:1195-1198. [PMID: 34212685 DOI: 10.23812/21-207-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Rafi
- Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Zia
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S S Bokhari
- Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M A Iqbal
- Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Roohi
- Institute of Zoology, Physiology/Endocrinology Laboratory, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Schuster SJ, Dickinson M, Dreyling M, Martinez‐Lopez J, Kolstad A, Butler J, Ghosh M, Popplewell L, Chavez JC, Bachy E, Kato K, Harigae H, Kersten MJ, Andreadis C, Riedell PA, Abdelhady A, Zia A, Morisse MC, Fowler NH, Thieblemont C. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TISAGENLECLEUCEL (TISA‐CEL) IN ADULT PATIENTS (PTS) WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA (R/R FL): PRIMARY ANALYSIS OF THE PHASE 2 ELARA TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.85_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Schuster
- Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA
| | - M. Dickinson
- Clinical Haematology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - M. Dreyling
- Medizinische Klinik III, LMU Klinikum Munich Germany
| | - J. Martinez‐Lopez
- Hospital 12 De Octubre Madrid Complutense University CNIO Madrid Spain
| | - A. Kolstad
- Department of Oncology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - J. Butler
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Royal Brisbane Hospital Herston Australia
| | - M. Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine Michigan Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA
| | - L. Popplewell
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte USA
| | - J. C. Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa USA
| | - E. Bachy
- Department of Hematology Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France
| | - K. Kato
- Department of Hematology Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - H. Harigae
- Department of Hematology Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - M. José Kersten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam on behalf of HOVON/LLPC Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - C. Andreadis
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco USA
| | - P. A. Riedell
- Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago USA
| | - A. Abdelhady
- Oncology Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover USA
| | - A. Zia
- Biostatistics Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland
| | - M. C. Morisse
- Oncology Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover USA
| | - N. H. Fowler
- MD Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - C. Thieblemont
- Department of Hemato‐Oncology Hôpital Saint‐Louis‐Université de Paris Paris France
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Schuster SJ, Dickinson MJ, Dreyling MH, Martínez J, Kolstad A, Butler JP, Ghosh M, Popplewell L, Chavez JC, Bachy E, Kato K, Harigae H, Kersten MJ, Andreadis C, Riedell PA, Abdelhady AM, Zia A, Morisse MC, Fowler NH, Thieblemont C. Efficacy and safety of tisagenlecleucel (Tisa-cel) in adult patients (Pts) with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL): Primary analysis of the phase 2 Elara trial. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7508 Background: Most pts with r/r FL experience multiple relapses and progressively worse clinical outcomes with each line of therapy, underlining a need for novel therapies. Tisa-cel has demonstrated durable responses and manageable safety in adult pts with r/r diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Here we report the primary analysis of ELARA, an international, single-arm phase 2 trial of tisa-cel in adult pts with r/r FL. Methods: Eligible pts (≥18 y) had r/r FL (grades [Gr] 1-3A) after ≥2 lines of therapy or had failed autologous stem cell transplant. Bridging therapy was permitted followed by disease assessment prior to tisa-cel infusion. Pts received tisa-cel (0.6-6×108 CAR+ viable T cells) after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was complete response rate (CRR) by central review per Lugano 2014 criteria. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and cellular kinetics. Predefined primary analysis occurred when ≥90 treated pts had ≥6 mo of follow-up. Results: As of September 28, 2020, 98 pts were enrolled and 97 received tisa-cel (median follow-up, 10.6 mo). At study entry, median age among treated pts was 57 y (range, 29-73), 85% had stage III-IV disease, 60% had a FLIPI score ≥3, 65% had bulky disease, and 42% had LDH > upper limit of normal. The median number of prior therapies was 4 (range, 2-13); 78% of pts were refractory to their last treatment (76% to any ≥2 prior regimens) and 60% progressed within 2 y of initial anti-CD20–containing treatment. Of 94 pts evaluable for efficacy, the CRR was 66% (95% CI, 56-75) and the ORR was 86% (95% CI, 78-92). CRRs/ORRs were comparable among key high-risk subgroups. Estimated DOR (CR) and PFS rates at 6 mo were 94% (95% CI, 82-98) and 76% (95% CI, 65-84), respectively. Of 97 pts evaluable for safety, 65% experienced Gr ≥3 adverse events within 8 weeks post-infusion, most commonly neutropenia (28%) and anemia (13%). Any-grade cytokine release syndrome (per Lee scale) occurred in 49% of pts (Gr ≥3, 0%). Any-grade neurological events (per CTCAE v4.03) occurred in 9% of pts (Gr 3, 0%; Gr 4, 1 pt and recovered). Three pts died from progressive disease. Cellular kinetic parameters for tisa-cel were estimated using transgene levels (by qPCR) in peripheral blood. Cmax and AUC0-28d were similar between responders (CR or partial response) and non-responders (stable or progressive disease). Maximum transgene levels were reached by a median of 10 days in responders and 12.9 days in non-responders; transgene persistence was detected up to 370 days and 187 days, respectively. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the efficacy and acceptable safety of tisa-cel in pts with r/r FL, including high-risk pts after multiple lines of prior therapy, and suggest that tisa-cel may be a promising therapy for pts with r/r FL. Clinical trial information: NCT03568461.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Dickinson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Joaquín Martínez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University, H12O-CNIO Clinical Research Unit, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Koji Kato
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charalambos Andreadis
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter A. Riedell
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Hale Fowler
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Houston, TX
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Conway J, Conroy L, Ferguson S, Zia A, Liu A, Weiss J, Rink A, Jennifer C. PO-1119: Sexual Toxicity in Cervix Cancer Survivors Treated with Chemo-Radiation and MR-guided Brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Croke J, Conway J, Conroy L, Ferguson S, Zia A, Liu Z, Weiss J, Rink A. Patient Reported Outcomes, Physician-Reported Toxicity and Dosimetry in Cervix Cancer Patient Treated With Chemo-Radiation and MR-Guided Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cusimano M, Vicus D, Pulman K, Bernardini M, Laframboise S, May T, Bouchard-Fortier G, Hogen L, Gien L, Covens A, Kupets R, Clarke B, Cesari M, Rouzbahman M, Mirkovic J, Turashvili G, Maganti M, Zia A, Ene G, Ferguson S. Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus lymphadenectomy for high-grade endometrial cancer staging (SENTOR trial): A prospective multicenter cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mehmood SA, Zia A, Ahmed S, Panhwar WA, Khan W, Shah M, Ullah I. Seasonal abundance and distribution of dragonflies in upper Siran valley of District Mansehra Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:785-791. [PMID: 32965337 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was conducted to study seasonal abundance and distribution of dragonflies in upper Siran valley district Mansehra Pakistan. To collect data, eleven localities were visited for three consecutive years (2016-2018). Results come up with a sum of 300 specimens identified under three families, eight genera and twenty species. Highest seasonal abundance recorded during summer and spring were 80.67% and 13.33% respectively while minimum 6.00% was recorded during early autumn. Dominant species observed were, Orthetrum chrysis (14.00%), followed by O. gluacum (12.00%), Palpoleura sexmaculata sexmaculata (11.33%) and O. cancellatum cancellatum (8.00%). However the highest population of dragonflies was found in Munda Gucha with a percentage of 11.33 followed by Jabbar (11.00%) and Sachan (9.67%). The lowest populations were recorded in Suham (6.00%), Dadar (7.67%) and Jabori (7.67%). The surveyed valley showed diverse Anisopterous fauna and thus further extensive surveys are recommended that can come up with more important species from the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - A Zia
- National Insect Museum, NARC Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- Shah Abdul Latif University, Department of Zoology, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Karakoram International University, Department of Biological Science, Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan
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Kalkman VJ, Babu R, BedjaniČ M, Conniff K, Gyeltshen T, Khan MK, Subramanian KA, Zia A, Orr AG. Checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 2020; 4849:zootaxa.4849.1.1. [PMID: 33056748 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4849.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies occurring in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is presented. In total 588 (including 559 full species) taxa are known to occur in the region of which 251 taxa (species subspecies) are single country endemics. Recent taxonomic changes relevant to the area are summarized. Sixteen taxa are synonymized and a checklist of all synonyms established since 1950 is provided. Information is given on available larval descriptions including a list of genera present in the region for which no larvae have yet been described. Numerous species occurring in the area are still poorly known and a list of genera for which a revision is urgently needed is provided. The following new synonyms are established: Calicnemia sudhaae Mitra, 1994 = Calicnemia imitans Lieftinck, 1948 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax cerinomelas Lieftinck, 1927 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax pendleburyi Laidlaw, 1931 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Coenagrion kashmirus Chowdhary Das, 1975 = Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907 syn. nov.; Enallagma insula Fraser, 1920 = Aciagrion occidentale Laidlaw, 1919 syn. nov.; Himalagrion pithoragarhicum Sahni, 1964 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ischnura bhimtalensis Sahni, 1965 = Ischnura rubilio Selys, 1876 syn. nov.; Onychargia indica Sahni, 1964 = Paracercion calamorum (Ris, 1916) syn. nov.; Anaciaeschna kashmirense Singh Baijal, 1954 = Anaciaeschna martini (Selys, 1897) syn. nov.; Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1854 = Cyclogomphus ypsilon Selys, 1954 syn. nov.; Chlorogomphus brittoi Navás, 1934 = Chlorogomphus xanthoptera (Fraser, 1919) syn. nov.; Hylaeothemis indica Fraser, 1946 = Hylaeothemis apicalis Fraser, 1924 syn. nov.; Sympetrum durum Bartenef, 1916 = Sympetrum striolatum commixtum Selys, 1884 syn. nov.; Sympetrum himalayanum Navás, 1934 = Sympetrum hypomelas (Selys, 1884) syn. nov.; Sympetrum haematoneura Fraser, 1924 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov.; Sympetrum speciosum taiwanum Asahina, 1951 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov. In addition, Periaeschna lebasi Navás, 1930 is regarded a nomen nudum. The following new combinations are proposed: Onychogomphus acinaces Laidlaw, 1922 is transferred to the genus Melligomphus Chao, 1990 resulting in Melligomphus acinaces (Laidlaw, 1922) comb. nov. Onychogomphus saundersii Selys, 1854 is transferred to the genus Nychogomphus Carle, 1986 resulting in Nychogomphus saundersii (Selys, 1854) comb. nov..
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Kalkman
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands..
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Ahmed S, Zia A, Mehmood SA, Panhwar WA, Khan W, Shah M, Ullah I. Change in malate dehydrogenase and alpha amylase activities in Rubus fruticosus and Valeriana jatamansi treated granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:387-391. [PMID: 32490897 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.226952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor storage conditions provide favorable environment to stored grain pests for their growth. The bio-pesticides are the best alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Present study was conducted to compare toxicity of Rubus fruticosus and Valeriana jatamansi against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius and subsequent changes in enzyme activity responsible for grain damage. In current research 5 g of R. fruticosus fruit and V. jatamansi rhizome powders were tested separately against S. granarius, in 50 g wheat whole grains for seven days in comparison with the control. The enzymatic activity of malate dehydrogenase and α-amylase was observed in the cellular extracts of S. granarius. The insects were crushed and homogenized in phosphate-buffer solution and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 minutes. For the enzymatic measurement supernatant was tested; the spectrophotometer was adjusted at 340 nm. The reagents were mixed and incubated at 25 °C for five minutes. The cuvettes were placed in the experimental and reference sites of spectrophotometer and recorded the change in absorbance for 3-4 minutes. There was 5.60% and 14.92% reduction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase in R. fruticosus and V. jatamansi, treated insects, respectively. The alpha amylase enzyme activity was 6.82% reduced and 63.63% increase in R. fruticosus and V. jatamansi, treated insects, respectively. Present study addresses that both plant powders are effective against granary weevil by altering enzyme activities so both the plant powders can be used as bio-pesticides against the stored grains pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Zia
- National Insect Museum, National Agricultural Research Centre - NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Biological Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
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Okumura L, Holanda P, Riveros B, Lucchetta R, Rosim M, Dierick K, Mesa O, Jones C, Zia A, Nita M. PRO4 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF AN INTEGRATED EXTRACORPOREAL PHOTOPHERESIS SYSTEM VERSUS SELECTED TREATMENTS FOR REFRACTORY CHRONIC GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taher AT, Origa R, Perrotta S, Kouraklis A, Ruffo GB, Kattamis A, Goh AS, Huang V, Zia A, Herranz RM, Porter JB. Patient-reported outcomes from a randomized phase II study of the deferasirox film-coated tablet in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:216. [PMID: 30453981 PMCID: PMC6245526 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-1041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to long-term chelation therapy in transfusion-dependent patients is critical to prevent iron overload-related complications. Once-daily deferasirox dispersible tablets (DT) have proven long-term efficacy and safety in patients ≥2 years old with chronic transfusional iron overload. However, barriers to optimal adherence remain, including palatability, preparation time, and requirements for fasting state. A new film-coated tablet (FCT) formulation was developed, swallowed once daily (whole/crushed) with/without a light meal. METHODS The open-label, Phase II ECLIPSE study evaluated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in transfusion-dependent thalassemia or lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes patients randomized 1:1 to receive deferasirox DT or FCT over 24 weeks as a secondary outcome of the study. Three PRO questionnaires were developed to evaluate both deferasirox formulations: 1) Modified Satisfaction with Iron Chelation Therapy Questionnaire; 2) Palatability Questionnaire; 3) Gastrointestinal (GI) Symptom Diary. RESULTS One hundred seventy three patients were enrolled; 87 received the FCT and 86 the DT formulation. FCT recipients consistently reported better adherence (easier to take medication, less bothered by time to prepare medication and waiting time before eating), greater satisfaction/preference (general satisfaction and with administration of medicine), and fewer concerns (less worry about not swallowing enough medication, fewer limitations in daily activities, less concern about side effects). FCT recipients reported no taste or aftertaste and could swallow all their medicine with an acceptable amount of liquid. GI summary scores were low for both formulations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a preference in favor of the deferasirox FCT formulation regardless of underlying disease or age group. Better patient satisfaction and adherence to chelation therapy may reduce iron overload-related complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02125877; registered April 26, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Director - Fellowship and Residents Research Program, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Raffaella Origa
- Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico 'A.Cao', A.O. 'G. Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alexandra Kouraklis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Giovan Battista Ruffo
- U.O.C. Ematolog. Con Talassemia, A.O. Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ai-Sim Goh
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vicky Huang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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Cusimano M, Vicus D, Bernardini M, Zia A, Ene G, Bouchard-Fortier G, May T, Laframboise S, Covens A, Gien L, Kupets R, Cesari M, Shaw P, Ferguson S. Prospective validation of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in high-risk endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zia A, Russell J, Sarode R, Veeram S, Josephs S, Malone K. Markers of Coagulation Activation, Inflammation and Fibrinolysis as Predictors of Poor Outcomes After Pediatric Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Zia A, Bashir Z, Tait P. Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Secondary to Ectopic Varices at the Site of Previous Surgery. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zia A, Wang X, Bhatti A, Demirci FY, Zhao W, Rasheed A, Samuel M, Kiani AK, Ismail M, Zafar J, John P, Saleheen D, Kamboh MI. A replication study of 49 Type 2 diabetes risk variants in a Punjabi Pakistani population. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1112-7. [PMID: 26499911 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The burden of Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly high in South Asia, a region that has many genetically diverse ethnic populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted largely in European populations have identified a number of loci predisposing to Type 2 diabetes risk, however, the relevance of such genetic loci in many South Asian sub-ethnicities remains elusive. The aim of this study was to replicate 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified through GWAS in Punjabis living in Pakistan. METHODS We examined the association of 49 SNPs in 853 Type 2 diabetes cases and 1945 controls using additive logistic regression models after adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Of the 49 SNPs investigated, eight showed a nominal association (P < 0.05) that also remained significant after controlling for the false discovery rate. The most significant association was found for rs7903146 at the TCF7L2 locus. For a per unit increase in the risk score comprising of all the 49 SNPs, the odds ratio in association with Type 2 diabetes risk was 1.16 (95% CI 1.13-1.19, P < 2.0E-16). CONCLUSION These results suggest that some Type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci are shared between Europeans and Punjabis living in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zia
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - X Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Y Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Samuel
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A K Kiani
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Zafar
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - P John
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - D Saleheen
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M I Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Zia A, Singh D, Saxena S, Dhole T. Memory B cell response to Japanese Encephalitis vaccination in JE endemic area of Uttar Pradesh. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dhole T, Kakkar M, Chaturvedi S, Saxena V, Abbas S, Kumar A, Zia A, Verma S. Persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in healthy children in JE Endemic Area. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zia A, Lau M, Journeycake J, Sarode R, Marshall J, De Simone N, Wilson E, Winborn A, Kouides P. Developing a multidisciplinary Young Women's Blood Disorders Program: a single-centre approach with guidance for other centres. Haemophilia 2016; 22:199-207. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zia
- Department of Pediatrics; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Children's Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - M. Lau
- Department of Pediatrics; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Children's Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - J. Journeycake
- Department of Pediatrics; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Children's Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - R. Sarode
- Department of Pathology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | | | - N. De Simone
- Department of Pathology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - E. Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - A. Winborn
- Children's Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - P. Kouides
- Mary M. Gooley Hemophilia Center; University of Rochester School of Medicine; Rochester NY USA
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Masood I, Majid Z, Sohail S, Zia A, Raza S. The Deadly Heat Wave of Pakistan, June 2015. Int J Occup Environ Med 2016; 6:247-8. [PMID: 26498053 PMCID: PMC6977047 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2015.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Masood
- Department of General Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Wong A, Zia A, Atzema C. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WHO MAKE AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISIT FOR HYPERTENSION, BY USE OF A PHARMACY OR HOME BLOOD PRESSURE DEVICE. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tombetti E, Zia A, Gopalan D, Kiprianos A, Bechmam K, Ariff B, Mason J. FRI0258 A Novel MRI-Based Longitudinal Scoring System for Arterial Involvement in Large-Vessel Vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tahir MN, Macassa G, Akbar AH, Naseer R, Zia A, Khan S. Road traffic crashes in Ramadan: an observational study. East Mediterr Health J 2014; 19 Suppl 3:S147-S151. [PMID: 24995738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate trends in road traffic crashes (RTCs) managed by an emergency service, Rescue 1122, in 2011 in Punjab, Pakistan. RTC data were collected from 35 districts of Punjab and reviewed retrospectively. Data analysis revealed that the service responded to 12 969 RTC emergencies during August 2011 (Ramadan), compared with an average of 11 573 RTCs per month from January to August 2011. The younger age group (11-27 years) was victims in 29% of RTCs; 39% were due to speeding and 43% occurred in peak rush hours (14:00-18:00) before iftar (breakfast).Results of the study showed that Rescue 1122 faced more RTCs during Ramadan compared with the preceding months. Road safety is an important public health issue in Pakistan. Although there have been great improvements in roads in the past few years, much work needs to be done to deal with mounting trends in RTCs. Public awareness, political will and stringent law enforcement are key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Tahir
- Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122), Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - A H Akbar
- University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Naseer
- Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Zia
- Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122), Punjab, Pakistan
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Tahir M, Macassa G, Akbar A, Naseer R, Zia A, Khan S. Road traffic crashes in Ramadan: an observational study. East Mediterr Health J 2013. [DOI: 10.26719/2013.19.supp3.s147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zaitout Z, Zia A, Senasi R, Matthews S. P49 Incidental pulmonary nodules; are we doing too many follow up scans? Service review and value of PET-CT imaging. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Travers B, Henderson S, Vasireddy S, SeQueira EJ, Cornell PJ, Richards S, Khan A, Hasan S, Withrington R, Leak A, Sandhu J, Joseph A, Packham JC, Lyle S, Martin JC, Goodfellow RM, Rhys-Dillon C, Morgan JT, Mogford S, Rowan-Phillips J, Moss D, Wilson H, McEntegart A, Morgan JT, Martin JC, Rhys Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Gould L, Bukhari M, Hassan S, Butt S, Deighton C, Gadsby K, Love V, Kara N, Gohery M, Keat A, Lewis A, Robinson R, Bastawrous S, Roychowdhury B, Roskell S, Douglas B, Keating H, Giles S, McPeake J, Molloy C, Chalam V, Mulherin D, Price T, Sheeran T, Benjamin SR, Thompson PW, Cornell P, Siddle HJ, Backhouse MR, Monkhouse RA, Harris NJ, Helliwell PS, Azzopardi L, Hudson S, Mallia C, Cassar K, Coleiro B, Cassar PJ, Aquilina D, Camilleri F, Serracino Inglott A, Azzopardi LM, Robinson S, Peta H, Margot L, David W, Mann C, Gooberman-Hill R, Jagannath D, Healey E, Goddard C, Pugh MT, Gilham L, Bawa S, Barlow JH, MacFarland L, Tindall L, Leddington Wright S, Tooby J, Ravindran J, Perkins P, McGregor L, Mabon E, Bawa S, Bond U, Swan J, O'Connor MB, Rathi J, Regan MJ, Phelan MJ, Doherty T, Martin K, Ruth C, Panthakalam S, Bondin D, Castelino M, Evin S, Gooden A, Peacock C, Teh LS, Ryan SJ, Bryant E, Carter A, Cox S, Moore AP, Jackson A, Kuisma R, Pattman J, Juarez M, Quilter A, Williamson L, Collins D, Price E, Chao Y, Mooney J, Watts R, Graham K, Birrell F, Reed M, Croyle S, Stell J, Vasireddy S, Storrs P, McLoughlin YM, Scott G, McKenna F, Papou A, Rahmeh FH, Richards SC, Westlake SL, Birrell F, Morgan L, Baqir W, Walsh NE, Ward L, Caine R, Williams M, Breslin A, Owen C, Ahmad Y, Morgan L, Blair A, Birrell F, Ramachandran Nair J, Zia A, Mewar D, Peffers GM, Larder R, Dockrell D, Wilson S, Cummings J, Bansal J, Barlow J. BHPR: Audit/Service Delivery [239-277]: 239. Arma-Based Audit of Rheumatology Service Delivered Predominantly Outside the Traditional Hospital Setting. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ring H, Zia A, Bateman N, Williams E, Lindeman S, Himlok K. How is epilepsy treated in people with a learning disability? A retrospective observational study of 183 individuals. Seizure 2009; 18:264-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rasheed S, Yap T, Zia A, McDonald PJ, Glynne-Jones R. Chemo-radiotherapy: an alternative to surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum--report of six patients and literature review. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11:191-7. [PMID: 18462236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since 1943 [1], only 45 patients of squamous cancer of the rectum have been reported in the published reports and the largest series to date consists of 12 patients. Reports suggest that the primary treatment is surgical resection but, in the light of nonsurgical advances in the treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we present a review of the literature and report six patients treated by chemoradiation therapy (CRT). METHOD A literature search was undertaken using the keywords squamous cell, epidermoid, basaloid and cloacagenic and cancer of rectum and colon to provide evidence for this discussion from studies of surgery, radiation therapy and CRT in rectal SCC. A prospective database of the Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, UK was searched from 1995 to 2005 for patients diagnosed with pure SCC of the rectum. RESULTS Six patients with histologically confirmed primary SCC of the rectum were treated with primary combination chemo-radiotherapy according to protocols used for SCC of the anal canal over a 15-year period. Surgery was avoided in four, and they remain disease-free on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Primary CRT, as currently utilized in anal cancer, can be extended to primary SCC of the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rasheed
- Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospitals, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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Zia A, Kolodny EH, Pastores GM. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in a pair of mildly affected monozygotic twin sister in their late fifties. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:817. [PMID: 17514507 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) catalyses the initial step of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids with a chain length of 14 to 20 carbons. Deficiency of VLCAD activity has been associated with a range of phenotypes, including a severe lethal form presenting in the infantile period and a milder variant with onset in childhood. Varying rates of residual enzyme activity partly explain the heterogeneity in presentations. Here we report the course of disease in a pair of monozygotic twin sisters who were diagnosed in their late forties during an evaluation for rhabdomyolysis and fatigue. Interestingly, the patients' complaints were most severe during puberty and declined significantly after the menopause. The basis for this observation is uncertain, but may be related to hormonally-mediated changes in lipid metabolism that may occur at these times. As metabolic decompensation can be associated with significant morbidity, timely diagnosis of VLCAD deficiency is important. The introduction of appropriate dietary measures (i.e. avoidance of fasting, long-chain fat restriction and supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides) greatly reduces the likelihood of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zia
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics at Columbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three thousand five hundred and forty-nine patients are waiting for a colonoscopy in the Kent and Medway cancer network. New guidelines identify those who require surveillance for polyp, cancer, IBD and family history. Our hypothesis was that most of the patients on the waiting list would no longer need a colonoscopy if the new guidelines were applied. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the ACPGBI guidelines for screening/surveillance colonoscopy with the indications in 411 notes of one hospital's waiting list and removed patients as appropriate. In the second part of study we analysed 192 patients attending colonoscopy in seven hospitals in the region and calculated the potential impact of the guidelines on our waiting lists. RESULTS Of 411 patients on the waiting list in one hospital, only 98 (24%) needed to remain on the list. 142 (34%) were cancelled completely. One hundred and seventy-one (42%) were taken off the 'waiting' list and rebooked for a later date since according to the new guidelines the colonoscopy was not due yet. Of 192 colonoscopies actually performed during the study period in 7 hospitals of Kent and Medway cancer network, 72 (38%) were for surveillance. Two thirds of those were not in line with the guidelines. As a result of implementing the guidelines, waiting times for diagnostic colonoscopy fell from 12 to 4 weeks for urgent, and from 40 to 15 weeks for routine referrals. CONCLUSION A quarter of the 8000 colonoscopies performed annually in our region are unnecessary when compared to the guidelines. More than three quarters of our waiting list could be removed by reviewing the notes. Implementing the guidelines in one cancer network would save pounds 1 million per year even on conservative estimates of pounds 500 per colonoscopy. It would also reduce the waiting times for diagnostic colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shoaib
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, UK
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Jacob P, Erdogan O, Zia A, Belemjian P, Kraft R, McDonald J. Predicting the Performance of a 3D Processor-Memory Chip Stack. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1109/mdt.2005.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
A gene for reading disability has been localized by nonparametric linkage to 6p21.3-p22 in several published reports. However, the lack of an uninterrupted genomic clone contig has made it difficult to determine accurate intermarker distances, precise marker order, and genetic boundaries and hinders direct comparisons of linkage. The search and discovery of the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) led to the creation of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and P-1 derived artificial chromosome (PAC) contig that extended physical maps 4 Mb from the MHC toward pter and localized new markers in that region [10-12]. Using this contig, we localized 124 sequence tagged sites, expressed sequence tags, and short tandem repeats including most of the markers in linkage with reading disability phenotypes, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, GPLD1, prolactin, and 18 uncharacterized genes. This new contig joins and extends previously published physical maps to span the entire chromosome 6 reading disability genetic locus. Physical mapping data from the complete contig show overlap of the published linkage peaks for reading disability, provide accurate intermarker distances and order, and offer resources for generating additional markers and candidate genes for high resolution genetic studies in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahn
- Department of Genome Research, DNA Research Institute, Bioneer Corporation, Cheongwon-Kun, Chungbuk, 363-813, Republic of Korea
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Zia A, Schildberg FW, Funke I. MHC class I negative phenotype of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow is associated with poor survival in R0M0 breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:566-70. [PMID: 11477561 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Changing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I phenotype is a pivotal strategy of tumor cells to circumvent an effective immune response and is associated with tumor progression in cancer patients. Epithelial cells in bone marrow have been detected in various tumor types, but the clinical observation that only a portion of the patients with a positive bone marrow status develops solid bone metastasis suggests a certain molecular equipment of the isolated tumor cells as a prerequisite for metastatic formation. In the present study the prognostic impact of the MHC class I phenotype of disseminated epithelial cells in bone marrow was evaluated in a cohort of 30 curatively resected (R0) patients without distant metastases (M0) (designated R0M0) who had minimal residual disease. Immunocytochemical analysis using the alkaline/anti-alkaline immunogold double staining procedure revealed a heterogeneous MHC class I expression profile [monoclonal antibody (mAb) W6/32] of the epithelial cells (mAb CK2). In 16 patients (53.3%) all epithelial cells were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-positive (CK2+//W6/32+ phenotype). Eight patients (26.7%) showed complete loss of the HLA class I molecules (CK2+//W6/32- phenotype) and in 6 patients (20%) partial loss of HLA class I expression was found (CK2+//W6/32+ and - phenotype). CK2+ cells with the HLA class I negative phenotype (CK2+//W6/32- phenotype and CK2+//W6/32+ and - phenotype) were often derived from poorly differentiated (G3) primary breast carcinomas (p = 0.036) and were associated with short survival of the R0M0 patients (follow-up 15-98 months, log rank p = 0.072). These findings support the necessity to develop immmunotherapeutic strategies leading to the restoration of MHC class I positive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zia
- Klinikum Grosshadern, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
A bioactivity directed isolation of the methanolic extract of the fresh, uncrushed leaves of Nerium oleander showing a central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect in mice has been undertaken. As a result, four CNS depressant cardenolides including a new cardenolide, neridiginoside and three known constituents, nerizoside, neritaloside and odoroside-H, have been isolated which exhibited CNS depressant activity in mice at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The structure of neridiginoside was elucidated as 3 beta-O-(D-diginosyl)-5 beta, 14 beta-dihydroxy-card-20(22)-enolide, using spectroscopic methods including one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR (COSY-45, NOESY, J-resolved, HMQC and HMBC). The known compounds have been indentified through spectral studies and comparison of data with those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Begum
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Siddiqui BS, Sultana R, Begum S, Zia A, Suria A. Cardenolides from the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander leaves possessing central nervous system depressant activity in mice. J Nat Prod 1997; 60:540-544. [PMID: 9214727 DOI: 10.1021/np960679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new cardenolides, 3 beta-O-(D-2-O-methyldigitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-carda-16,20(22)-dienolide (1) and 3 beta-hydroxy-8,14-epoxy-5 beta-carda-16,20(22)-dienolide (2), and two known cardenolides, 3 beta-O-(D-digitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-16 beta-acetoxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide (3) and 3 beta-O-(D-digitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide (4), have been isolated from the leaves of Nerium oleander following a bioactivity-directed isolation of the MeOH extract, which showed central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity in mice at a dosage of 50 mg/kg i.p. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were found to exhibit sedation in mice at a dosage of 25 mg/kg, although 2 had no effect on the CNS of mice at a dosage of up to 50 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
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Begum S, Usmani SB, Siddiqui BS, Saeed SA, Farnaz S, Khan KA, Khan SA, Khalid SM, Zia A. Chemistry and biological activity of a tryptamine and beta-carboline series of bases. Arzneimittelforschung 1996; 46:1163-8. [PMID: 9006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six derivatives of harmaline and tetrahydroharmine were prepared and characterized by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopy. They were tested for their antimicrobial, antiplatelet aggregation and cytotoxic activity. Their effect on central nervous system was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Begum
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Zia A, Siddiqui BS, Begum S, Siddiqui S, Suria A. Studies on the constituents of the leaves of Nerium oleander on behavior pattern in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 49:33-39. [PMID: 8786655 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fresh, undried and uncrushed leaves of Nerium oleander were subjected to methanol extraction and bioassay directed fractionation. This led to the isolation of two purified fractions namely, B-1 and B-3. Fractions B-1 and B-3 were studied with respect to their actions on the central nervous system and behavior pattern in mice. Both fractions were found to produce reduction in locomotor activity, rota rod performance and potentiation of hexobarbital sleeping time. These fractions also showed analgesic activity. When tested against picrotoxin induced convulsions fraction B-1 showed 40% protection, while fraction B-3 exhibited 60% protection against bicuculline induced convulsions. These findings suggest that both fractions possess a CNS depressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zia
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, Karachi University, Pakistan
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Saeed SA, Simjee RU, Farnaz S, Gilani AH, Siddiqui S, Siddiqui BS, Begum S, Faizi S, Zia A. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism by B-carboline alkaloids. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:461S. [PMID: 8132029 DOI: 10.1042/bst021461s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
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Filseth SV, Zia A, Welge KH. Erratum: Flash Photolytic Production, Reactive Lifetime, and Collisional Quenching of O2(b 1Σg+, v′=0). J Chem Phys 1972. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1677769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Angiography
- Bone Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Neoplasms/classification
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Chondrosarcoma/classification
- Chondrosarcoma/diagnostic imaging
- Chondrosarcoma/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Fibrosarcoma/classification
- Fibrosarcoma/diagnostic imaging
- Giant Cell Tumors/pathology
- Hip
- Humans
- Leg
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Myeloma/classification
- Multiple Myeloma/diagnostic imaging
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Osteoma/classification
- Osteosarcoma/classification
- Osteosarcoma/diagnostic imaging
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/classification
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
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Filseth SV, Zia A, Welge KH. Flash Photolytic Production, Reactive Lifetime, and Collisional Quenching of O2(b 1Σg+, υ′ = 0). J Chem Phys 1970. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1672816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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