1
|
Sun G, Kropp KA, Kirchner M, Plückebaum N, Selich A, Serrero M, Dhingra A, Cabrera JR, Ritter B, Bauerfeind R, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Schambach A, Sodeik B, Mertins P, Viejo-Borbolla A. Herpes simplex virus type 1 modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroinfection. mBio 2024; 15:e0330823. [PMID: 38275838 PMCID: PMC10865794 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03308-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly prevalent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a range of diseases, including cold sores, blinding keratitis, and life-threatening encephalitis. HSV-1 initially replicates in epithelial cells, enters the peripheral nervous system via neurites, and establishes lifelong infection in the neuronal cell bodies. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that grow or retract in response to attractive or repulsive cues, respectively. Here, we show that infection with HSV-1, but not with a mutant virus lacking glycoprotein G (gG), reduced the repulsive effect of epithelial cells on neurite outgrowth and facilitated HSV-1 invasion of neurons. HSV-1 gG was required and sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth by modifying the protein composition of extracellular vesicles, increasing the amount of neurotrophic and neuroprotective proteins, including galectin-1. Antibodies directed against galectin-1 neutralized the capacity of extracellular vesicles released from HSV-1-infected cells to promote neurite outgrowth. Our study provides new insights into the neurotropism of HSV-1 and identifies a viral protein that modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to stimulate neurite outgrowth and invasion of the nervous system.IMPORTANCEHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) must infect neurites (or nerve endings) to establish a chronic infection in neurons. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that retract or grow in the presence of repulsive or attractive proteins. Some of these proteins are released by epithelial cells in extracellular vesicles and act upon interaction with their receptor present on neurites. We show here that HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells modulated their effect on neurites, increasing neurite growth. Mechanistically, HSV-1 glycoprotein G (gG) modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles released by epithelial cells, increasing the amount of attractive proteins that enhance neurite outgrowth and facilitate neuronal infection. These results could inform of therapeutic strategies to block HSV-1 induction of neurite outgrowth and, thereby, neuronal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Sun
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Plückebaum
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manutea Serrero
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Rubén Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauerfeind
- Research Core Unit for Laser Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Götting J, Baier C, Panagiota V, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Dhingra A, Heim A. High Genetic Stability of Co-Circulating Human Adenovirus Type 31 Lineages Over 59 Years. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac067. [DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Type 31 of human adenovirus species A (HAdV-A31) is a significant pathogen primarily associated with diarrhoea in children but also with life-threatening disseminated disease in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Nosocomial outbreaks of HAdV-A31 have been frequently described. However, the evolution of HAdV-A31 has not been studied in detail. The evolution of other HAdV types is driven either by intertypic recombination, where different types exchange genome regions or immune escape selection of neutralisation determinants. Complete genomic HAdV-A31 sequences from 60 diagnostic specimens of the past 18 years (2003–2021) were generated, including 14 specimens of a presumed outbreak on two HSCT wards. Additionally, 23 complete genomes from GenBank were added to our phylogenetic analysis, as well as in silico generated and previously published restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) data. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 genomes indicated that HAdV-A31 evolved slowly with six lineages co-circulating. The two major lineages were lineage 1, which included the prototype from 1962 and nine recent isolates, and lineage 2, which split into four sublineages and included most isolates from 2003 to 2021. The average nucleotide identity within lineages was high (99.8 %) and identity between lineages was 98.7–99.2 %. RFLP data allowed the construction of a lower-resolution phylogeny with two additional putative lineages. Surprisingly, regions of higher diversity separating lineages were found in gene regions coding for non-structural and minor capsid proteins. Intertypic recombinations were not observed, but the phylogeny of lineage 3 was compatible with an interlineage recombination event in the fiber gene. Applying the phylogenetic analysis to the presumed nosocomial outbreak excluded two suspected transmission events and separated it into two different, simultaneous outbreaks caused by different sublineages of lineage 2. However, due to the high nucleotide identity within HAdV-A31 lineages, the proof of infection chains remains debatable. This in-depth study on the molecular phylogeny of HAdV-A31 highlights the high genetic stability of co-circulating HAdV-A31 lineages over almost six decades. It also supports the epidemiological hypothesis that HAdV-A31 circulates as an etiological agent of a childhood disease infecting immunologically naive patients without strong positive selection of immune escape variants and recombinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Götting
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas Baier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Victoria Panagiota
- Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalra S, Dhingra A, Sharma SK, Bhattacharya S. Sheehan's syndrome as a mimic of premature ovarian insufficiency: need for advocacy. Climacteric 2021; 24:526. [PMID: 33830850 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1905626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Endocrinology, Gangaram Bansal Hospital, Sri Ganganagar, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. SK Sharma's Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrine Centre, Jaipur, India
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kalra S, A K D, Md F, K S, P S, A A R, M J, S S, A O, M R S, Selim S, M P B, Gangopadhyay KK, Y A L, T N, D D, S D T, V D, Dutta D, H K, R M, S D, A D, A B, G P, S C, Dhingra A, N P, A AA, M M. Glucodynamics and glucocracy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical evidence and practice-based opinion on modern sulfonylurea use, from an International Expert Group (South Asia, Middle East & Africa) via modified Delphi method. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:403-409. [PMID: 33319626 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1864309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic. According to international guidelines, the management protocol of T2DM includes lowering of blood glucose, along with preventing disease-related complications and maintaining optimal quality of life. Further, the guidelines recommend the use of a patient-centric approaches for the management of T2DM; however, Asian population is underrepresented in landmark cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). There are several guidelines available today for the diagnosis and management of T2DM, and hence there is much confusion among practitioners about which guidelines to follow. A group of thirty international clinical experts comprising of endocrinologists, diabetologists and cardiologist from South Asia, Middle East and Africa met at New Delhi, India on February 8 and 9, 2020 and developed an international expert opinion statements via a structured modified Delphi method on the glucodynamic properties of OADs and the glucocratic treatment approach for the management of T2DM. In this modified Delphi consensus report, we document the glucodynamic properties of Modern SUs in terms of glucoconfidence, glucosafety, and gluconomics. According to glucodynamics theory, an ideal antidiabetic drug should be efficacious, safe, and affordable. Modern SUs as a class of OADs that have demonstrated optimal glucodynamics in terms of glucoconfidence, glucosafety, and gluconomics. Hence, modern SUs are most suitable second line drug after metformin for developing countries. Based on the current evidence, we recommend a glucocratic approach for the treatment of T2DM, where an individualized treatment plan with phenotype, lifestyle, environmental, social, and cultural factors should be considered for persons with T2DM in the South Asian, Middle Eastern and African regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Das A K
- Department of Endocrinology & Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Fariduddin Md
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh K
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Royal Oman Police Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah P
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rehim A A
- Department of Endocrinology & Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - John M
- Department of Endocrinology, Providence Endocrine & Diabetes Specialty Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shaikh S
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Orabi A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Saraswati M R
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Shahjada Selim
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Baruah M P
- Department of Endocrinology, Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Langi Y A
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Nair T
- Department of Cardiology, PRS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanwal D
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, NMC Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Thapa S D
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deshmukh V
- Department of Endocrinology, Deshmukh Clinic and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis & Rheumatology (CEDAR), Superspeciality Clinic, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalfan H
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Sayh, Bahrain
| | - Maskey R
- Department of Internal Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Das S
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals in Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dasgupta A
- Department of Endocrinology, Rudraksh Superspeciality Care, Siliguri, India
| | - Bajaj A
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Al Seef Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Priya G
- Department of Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrasekaran S
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Dr. Rela Institute of Medical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Endocrinology, Gangaram Bansal Hospital, Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pandey N
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Al Ani A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moosa M
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male, Maldives
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhingra A, Götting J, Varanasi PR, Steinbrueck L, Camiolo S, Zischke J, Heim A, Schulz TF, Weissinger EM, Kay-Fedorov PC, Davison AJ, Suárez NM, Ganzenmueller T. Human cytomegalovirus multiple-strain infections and viral population diversity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients analysed by high-throughput sequencing. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:291-304. [PMID: 34611744 PMCID: PMC8541999 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important opportunistic pathogen in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. High-throughput sequencing of target-enriched libraries was performed to characterise the diversity of HCMV strains present in this high-risk group. Forty-four HCMV-DNA-positive plasma specimens (median viral input load 321 IU per library) collected at defined time points from 23 HSCT recipients within 80 days of transplantation were sequenced. The genotype distribution for 12 hypervariable HCMV genes and the number of HCMV strains present (i.e. single- vs. multiple-strain infection) were determined for 29 samples from 16 recipients. Multiple-strain infection was observed in seven of these 16 recipients, and five of these seven recipients had the donor (D)/recipient (R) HCMV-serostatus combination D + R + . A very broad range of genotypes was detected, with an intrahost composition that was generally stable over time. Multiple-strain infection was not associated with particular virological or clinical features, such as altered levels or duration of antigenaemia, development of acute graft-versus-host disease or increased mortality. In conclusion, despite relatively low viral plasma loads, a high frequency of multiple-strain HCMV infection and a high strain complexity were demonstrated in systematically collected clinical samples from this cohort early after HSCT. However, robust evaluation of the pathogenic role of intrahost viral diversity and multiple-strain infection will require studies enrolling larger numbers of recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dhingra
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Götting
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - P. R. Varanasi
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany ,Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,Present Address: National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - L. Steinbrueck
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Camiolo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Zischke
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Heim
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - T. F. Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - E. M. Weissinger
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany ,Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P. C. Kay-Fedorov
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - A. J. Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - N. M. Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - T. Ganzenmueller
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany ,Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng ZL, Dhingra A, Fritz A, Götting J, Münch PC, Steinbrück L, Schulz TF, Ganzenmüller T, McHardy AC. Evaluating assembly and variant calling software for strain-resolved analysis of large DNA viruses. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5868070. [PMID: 34020538 PMCID: PMC8138829 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected children. Characterizing heterogeneous viral populations and their evolution by high-throughput sequencing of clinical specimens requires the accurate assembly of individual strains or sequence variants and suitable variant calling methods. However, the performance of most methods has not been assessed for populations composed of low divergent viral strains with large genomes, such as HCMV. In an extensive benchmarking study, we evaluated 15 assemblers and 6 variant callers on 10 lab-generated benchmark data sets created with two different library preparation protocols, to identify best practices and challenges for analyzing such data. Most assemblers, especially metaSPAdes and IVA, performed well across a range of metrics in recovering abundant strains. However, only one, Savage, recovered low abundant strains and in a highly fragmented manner. Two variant callers, LoFreq and VarScan2, excelled across all strain abundances. Both shared a large fraction of false positive variant calls, which were strongly enriched in T to G changes in a 'G.G' context. The magnitude of this context-dependent systematic error is linked to the experimental protocol. We provide all benchmarking data, results and the entire benchmarking workflow named QuasiModo, Quasispecies Metric determination on omics, under the GNU General Public License v3.0 (https://github.com/hzi-bifo/Quasimodo), to enable full reproducibility and further benchmarking on these and other data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Luo Deng
- Department Computational Biology of Infection Research of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
| | | | - Adrian Fritz
- Department Computational Biology of Infection Research of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
| | | | - Philipp C Münch
- Department Computational Biology of Infection Research of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Max von Pettenkofer Institute in Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
| | | | | | | | - Alice C McHardy
- Department Computational Biology of Infection Research of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suárez NM, Blyth E, Li K, Ganzenmueller T, Camiolo S, Avdic S, Withers B, Linnenweber-Held S, Gwinner W, Dhingra A, Heim A, Schulz TF, Gunson R, Gottlieb D, Slobedman B, Davison AJ. Whole-Genome Approach to Assessing Human Cytomegalovirus Dynamics in Transplant Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:267. [PMID: 32612959 PMCID: PMC7308726 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent cause of opportunistic viral infection following transplantation. Viral factors of potential clinical importance include the selection of mutants resistant to antiviral drugs and the occurrence of infections involving multiple HCMV strains. These factors are typically addressed by analyzing relevant HCMV genes by PCR and Sanger sequencing, which involves independent assays of limited sensitivity. To assess the dynamics of viral populations with high sensitivity, we applied high-throughput sequencing coupled with HCMV-adapted target enrichment to samples collected longitudinally from 11 transplant recipients (solid organ, n = 9, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell, n = 2). Only the latter presented multiple-strain infections. Four cases presented resistance mutations (n = 6), two (A594V and L595S) at high (100%) and four (V715M, V781I, A809V, and T838A) at low (<25%) frequency. One allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient presented up to four resistance mutations, each at low frequency. The use of high-throughput sequencing to monitor mutations and strain composition in people at risk of HCMV disease is of potential value in helping clinicians implement the most appropriate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Blyth
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Li
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Salvatore Camiolo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Selmir Avdic
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Withers
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia Linnenweber-Held
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wilfried Gwinner
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rory Gunson
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Gottlieb
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suárez NM, Wilkie GS, Hage E, Camiolo S, Holton M, Hughes J, Maabar M, Vattipally SB, Dhingra A, Gompels UA, Wilkinson GWG, Baldanti F, Furione M, Lilleri D, Arossa A, Ganzenmueller T, Gerna G, Hubáček P, Schulz TF, Wolf D, Zavattoni M, Davison AJ. Human Cytomegalovirus Genomes Sequenced Directly From Clinical Material: Variation, Multiple-Strain Infection, Recombination, and Gene Loss. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:781-791. [PMID: 31050742 PMCID: PMC6667795 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains sequenced directly from clinical pathology samples were investigated, focusing on variation, multiple-strain infection, recombination, and gene loss. A total of 207 datasets generated in this and previous studies using target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing were analyzed, in the process enabling the determination of genome sequences for 91 strains. Key findings were that (i) it is important to monitor the quality of sequencing libraries in investigating variation; (ii) many recombinant strains have been transmitted during HCMV evolution, and some have apparently survived for thousands of years without further recombination; (iii) mutants with nonfunctional genes (pseudogenes) have been circulating and recombining for long periods and can cause congenital infection and resulting clinical sequelae; and (iv) intrahost variation in single-strain infections is much less than that in multiple-strain infections. Future population-based studies are likely to continue illuminating the evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of HCMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M Suárez
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Elias Hage
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, United Kingdom.,German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Camiolo
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Marylouisa Holton
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hughes
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Maha Maabar
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Sreenu B Vattipally
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula A Gompels
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W G Wilkinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Furione
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Italy
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Laboratory of Genetics-Transplantology and Cardiovascular Diseases, Italy
| | - Alessia Arossa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, United Kingdom.,German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, United Kingdom.,Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gerna
- Laboratory of Genetics-Transplantology and Cardiovascular Diseases, Italy
| | - Petr Hubáček
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Israel
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, United Kingdom.,German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maurizio Zavattoni
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Italy
| | - Andrew J Davison
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhingra A, Ganzenmueller T, Hage E, Suárez NM, Mätz-Rensing K, Widmer D, Pöhlmann S, Davison AJ, Schulz TF, Kaul A. Novel Virus Related to Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus from Colobus Monkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1548-1551. [PMID: 31310220 PMCID: PMC6649351 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the complete genome sequence of a virus isolated from a mantled guereza that died of primary effusion lymphoma. The virus is closely related to Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) but lacks some genes implicated in KSHV pathogenesis. This finding may help determine how KSHV causes primary effusion lymphoma in humans.
Collapse
|
10
|
Krooss SA, Dai Z, Schmidt F, Rovai A, Fakhiri J, Dhingra A, Yuan Q, Yang T, Balakrishnan A, Steinbrück L, Srivaratharajan S, Manns MP, Schambach A, Grimm D, Bohne J, Sharma AD, Büning H, Ott M. Ex Vivo/In vivo Gene Editing in Hepatocytes Using "All-in-One" CRISPR-Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors with a Self-Linearizing Repair Template. iScience 2019; 23:100764. [PMID: 31887661 PMCID: PMC6941859 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors are considered efficient and safe gene delivery systems in gene therapy. We combined two guide RNA genes, Cas9, and a self-linearizing repair template in one vector (AIO-SL) to correct fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficiency in mice. The vector genome of 5.73 kb was packaged into VP2-depleted AAV particles (AAV2/8ΔVP2), which, however, did not improve cargo capacity. Reprogrammed hepatocytes were treated with AIO-SL.AAV2ΔVP2 and subsequently transplanted, resulting in large clusters of FAH-positive hepatocytes. Direct injection of AIO-SL.AAV8ΔVP2 likewise led to FAH expression and long-term survival. The AIO-SL vector achieved an ∼6-fold higher degree of template integration than vectors without template self-linearization. Subsequent analysis revealed that AAV8 particles, in contrast to AAV2, incorporate oversized genomes distinctly greater than 5.2 kb. Finally, our AAV8-based vector represents a promising tool for gene editing strategies to correct monogenic liver diseases requiring (large) fragment removal and/or simultaneous sequence replacement. Single AAV vector mediates efficient large fragment replacement in vivo and ex vivo Fah-corrected iHeps repopulate the liver of recipient mice Self-linearizing donor template enhances integration rate AAV2 and AAV8 reveal differences in packaging the oversized AIO-SL vector genome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alexander Krooss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhen Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Schmidt
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alice Rovai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Fakhiri
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Infectious Diseases/Virology, Cluster of Excellence Cell Networks, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Taihua Yang
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Steinbrück
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Peter Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Hannover, Germany; Center for Infectious Diseases/Virology, Cluster of Excellence Cell Networks, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Bohne
- Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dhingra A, Suárez N, Varanasi P, Zischke J, Heim A, Mischak-Weissinger E, Schulz T, Davison A, Kay-Fedorov P, Ganzenmueller T. A42 Next-generation sequencing to analyze multiple-strain infections, genotype distribution, and antiviral resistance in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with human cytomegalovirus infection. Virus Evol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6735887 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez002.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) produces comprehensive insights across the entire genome of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is an important opportunistic pathogen following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To assess the clinical impact of HCMV diversity, genotype distribution, and resistance mutations, we performed NGS directly on plasma specimens from HSCT recipients with HCMV reactivation. Twenty-nine HCMV-positive plasma samples (median viral load 1.7 × 103 IU/ml) collected from a prospective allogenic HSCT recipient cohort (n = 16) between 21 and 80 days after transplantation were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq after preparation of target-enriched sequencing libraries. Consensus HCMV genome sequences were assembled for 24 samples. The presence of multiple-strain infections and antiviral resistance mutations in genes UL54 and UL97 was determined by variant analysis. Genotype distribution was determined by specific marker analysis of several hypervariable genes (RL5A, RL6, RL12, RL13, UL1, UL9, UL11, UL73, UL74, UL120, UL146, and UL139). Associations between genomic and clinical features (e.g. graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), donor/recipient HCMV serostatus, dynamics of HCMV antigenemia, survival) were explored. Multiple infections involving up to 3 HCMV strains were detected in seven out of sixteen patients, with one patient analyzed at > 2 time points, showing a switch of the dominant HCMV population. No known antiviral resistance mutations were detected, which may be expected due to sample collection early after HSCT from patients without antiviral prophylaxis. Multiple-strain infection was associated with an earlier peak of HCMV-antigenemia (P = 0.054), but not with duration of viremia, antigenemia peak values, donor/recipient HCMV serostatus, T-cell depletion, acute or chronic GvHD, disease relapse, or reduced survival. Genotype distribution analysis revealed a potential link of one genotype of the immunomodulatory gene UL11 with GvHD incidence after HCMV reactivation. NGS of HCMV diversity directly from plasma samples, even with low viral loads, enables the acquisition of data of potential clinical interest. To identify reliable associations between clinical features and HCMV diversity, further patient cohorts with suitable sample sizes are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dhingra
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Varanasi
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Zischke
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Heim
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Mischak-Weissinger
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Kay-Fedorov
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Ganzenmueller
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koch S, Damas M, Freise A, Hage E, Dhingra A, Rückert J, Gallo A, Kremmer E, Tegge W, Brönstrup M, Brune W, Schulz TF. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vIRF2 protein utilizes an IFN-dependent pathway to regulate viral early gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007743. [PMID: 31059555 PMCID: PMC6522069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8) belongs to the subfamily of Gammaherpesvirinae and is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma as well as of two lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. The KSHV life cycle is divided into a latent and a lytic phase and is highly regulated by viral immunomodulatory proteins which control the host antiviral immune response. Among them is a group of proteins with homology to cellular interferon regulatory factors, the viral interferon regulatory factors 1–4. The KSHV vIRFs are known as inhibitors of cellular interferon signaling and are involved in different oncogenic pathways. Here we characterized the role of the second vIRF protein, vIRF2, during the KSHV life cycle. We found the vIRF2 protein to be expressed in different KSHV positive cells with early lytic kinetics. Importantly, we observed that vIRF2 suppresses the expression of viral early lytic genes in both newly infected and reactivated persistently infected endothelial cells. This vIRF2-dependent regulation of the KSHV life cycle might involve the increased expression of cellular interferon-induced genes such as the IFIT proteins 1, 2 and 3, which antagonize the expression of early KSHV lytic proteins. Our findings suggest a model in which the viral protein vIRF2 allows KSHV to harness an IFN-dependent pathway to regulate KSHV early gene expression. The life cycle of Kaposi Sarcoma herpesvirus involves both persistence in a latent form and productive replication to generate new viral particles. How the virus switches between latency and productive (‘lytic’) replication is only partially understood. Here we show that a viral homologue of interferon regulatory factors, vIRF2, antagonizes lytic protein expression in endothelial cells. It does this by inducing the expression of cellular interferon-regulated genes such as IFIT 1–3, which in turn dampens early viral gene expression. This observation suggests that vIRF2 allows KSHV to harness the interferon pathway to regulate early viral gene expression in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Koch
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Modester Damas
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Anika Freise
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Elias Hage
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg Site, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Tegge
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg Site, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sogkas G, Fedchenko M, Dhingra A, Jablonka A, Schmidt RE, Atschekzei F. Primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1650-1653.e2. [PMID: 30040974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sogkas
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mykola Fedchenko
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Jablonka
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical University, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ravens S, Hengst J, Schlapphoff V, Deterding K, Dhingra A, Schultze-Florey C, Koenecke C, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H, Prinz I. Human γδ T Cell Receptor Repertoires in Peripheral Blood Remain Stable Despite Clearance of Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection by Direct-Acting Antiviral Drug Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:510. [PMID: 29616028 PMCID: PMC5864898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells can contribute to clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but also mediate liver inflammation. This study aimed to understand the clonal distribution of γδ T cells in peripheral blood of chronic HCV patients and following HCV clearance by interferon-free direct-acting antiviral drug therapies. To this end, γδ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were monitored by mRNA-based next-generation sequencing. While the percentage of Vγ9+ T cells was higher in patients with elevated liver enzymes and a few expanded Vδ3 clones could be identified in peripheral blood of 23 HCV-infected non-cirrhotic patients, overall clonality and complexity of γδ TCR repertoires were largely comparable to those of matched healthy donors. Monitoring eight chronic HCV patients before, during and up to 1 year after therapy revealed that direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug therapies induced only minor alterations of TRG and TRD repertoires of Vγ9+ and Vγ9- cells. Together, we show that peripheral γδ TCR repertoires display a high stability (1) by chronic HCV infection in the absence of liver cirrhosis and (2) by HCV clearance in the course of DAA drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Hengst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Schlapphoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Deterding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Schultze-Florey
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Koenecke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heim A, Dhingra A, Ganzenmueller T. The probe target mutation G18913A of adenovirus type 5 is not associated with underquantification in a generic adenovirus real-time PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 90:71-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Hage E, Dhingra A, Liebert UG, Bergs S, Ganzenmueller T, Heim A. Three novel, multiple recombinant types of species of human mastadenovirus D (HAdV-D 73, 74 & 75) isolated from diarrhoeal faeces of immunocompromised patients. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:3037-3045. [PMID: 29095687 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Species D is the largest of the seven species of human mastadenoviruses (HAdV), but few of its multiple types are associated with asevere disease, e.g. epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Many other types are hardly ever associated with significant diseases in immunocompetent patients, but have been isolated from the diarrhoeal faeces of terminal AIDS patients suggesting their role as opportunistic pathogens. Three novel HAdV-D strains were isolated from the faeces of three immunocompromised adult patients (clinical diagnoses: lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and AIDS CDC3B, respectively). These strains were not typeable by imputed serology of the hexon and fibre gene and therefore complete genomic sequences were generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS). All three strains were multiple recombinants and fulfilled the criteria for designation as types 73, 74 and 75 with the penton/hexon/fibre genotype codes P67H45F27, P70H74F51 and P75H26F29, respectively. A novel genomic backbone and also a novel hexon neutralization epitope sequence were discovered in type 74, and a novel penton sequence in type 75. At the complete genome level, types 73, 74 and 75 were closely related neither to each other nor to type 70, which was previously isolated in the same region. However, these four HAdV-D types were closely related to each other in single genes and gene regions, e.g. penton, E1 and E4 due to recombination events in their phylogeny. In conclusion, regional co-circulation of opportunistic HAdV-D types facilitated co- and super-infections, which are essential for homologous recombination, and thus resulted in the evolution of novel genotypes by lateral gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Hage
- Institut für Virologie, Adenovirus Konsiliarlabor, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Infektionsforschung, Hannover und Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institut für Virologie, Adenovirus Konsiliarlabor, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Infektionsforschung, Hannover und Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Bergs
- Institut für Virologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institut für Virologie, Adenovirus Konsiliarlabor, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Infektionsforschung, Hannover und Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institut für Virologie, Adenovirus Konsiliarlabor, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Infektionsforschung, Hannover und Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hage E, Wilkie GS, Linnenweber-Held S, Dhingra A, Suárez NM, Schmidt JJ, Kay-Fedorov PC, Mischak-Weissinger E, Heim A, Schwarz A, Schulz TF, Davison AJ, Ganzenmueller T. Characterization of Human Cytomegalovirus Genome Diversity in Immunocompromised Hosts by Whole-Genome Sequencing Directly From Clinical Specimens. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1673-1683. [PMID: 28368496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow comprehensive studies of genetic diversity over the entire genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a significant pathogen for immunocompromised individuals. Methods Next-generation sequencing was performed on target enriched sequence libraries prepared directly from a variety of clinical specimens (blood, urine, breast milk, respiratory samples, biopsies, and vitreous humor) obtained longitudinally or from different anatomical compartments from 20 HCMV-infected patients (renal transplant recipients, stem cell transplant recipients, and congenitally infected children). Results De novo-assembled HCMV genome sequences were obtained for 57 of 68 sequenced samples. Analysis of longitudinal or compartmental HCMV diversity revealed various patterns: no major differences were detected among longitudinal, intraindividual blood samples from 9 of 15 patients and in most of the patients with compartmental samples, whereas a switch of the major HCMV population was observed in 6 individuals with sequential blood samples and upon compartmental analysis of 1 patient with HCMV retinitis. Variant analysis revealed additional aspects of minor virus population dynamics and antiviral-resistance mutations. Conclusions In immunosuppressed patients, HCMV can remain relatively stable or undergo drastic genomic changes that are suggestive of the emergence of minor resident strains or de novo infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Hage
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gavin S Wilkie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolás M Suárez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - Penelope C Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva Mischak-Weissinger
- Department of Haematology, Haemostasis and Oncology, Hannover Medical School
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute of Virology
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garg S, Mittal M, Swami A, Khosla V, Dhingra A. Our experience with multi-drug resistant acinetobacter meningitis. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Garg
- Department of Anaesthesia, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
| | - M. Mittal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
| | - A. Swami
- Department of Anaesthesia, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
| | - V. Khosla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
| | - A. Dhingra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
There is increasing evidence documenting the critical role played by autophagic and autophagy-associated processes in maintaining cell homeostasis and overall systemic health. Autophagy is considered a degradative as well as a recycling pathway that relies on encapsulated intracellular components trafficking to and fusing with degradative compartments, including lysosomes. In this chapter, we describe the use of DQ™-BSA to study autophagosome-lysosome fusion as well as a means by which to analyze hybrid autophagic pathways. Such noncanonical pathways include LC3-associated phagocytosis, better known as LAP. Both autophagosomes and LAPosomes (LC3-associated phagosomes) deliver cargo for degradation. The use of fluorescent DQ™-BSA in conjugation with autophagic makers and biomarkers of hybrid autophagy offers a reliable technique to monitor the formation of autolysosomes and LAPo-lysosomes in both fixed- and live-cell studies. This technique relies on cleavage of the self-quenched DQ™ Green- or DQ™ Red BSA protease substrates in an acidic compartment to generate a highly fluorescent product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Frost
- SDM, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Dhingra
- SDM, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Reyes-Reveles
- SDM, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blasi I, Korostoff J, Dhingra A, Reyes-Reveles J, Shenker BJ, Shahabuddin N, Alexander D, Lally ET, Bragin A, Boesze-Battaglia K. Variants of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide alter lipidation of autophagic protein, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, LC3. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:486-500. [PMID: 26452236 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis often subverts host cell autophagic processes for its own survival. Our previous studies document the association of the cargo sorting protein, melanoregulin (MREG), with its binding partner, the autophagic protein, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in macrophages incubated with P. gingivalis (strain 33277). Differences in the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affect the virulence of P. gingivalis; penta-acylated LPS1690 is a weak Toll-like receptor 4 agonist compared with Escherichia coli LPS, whereas tetra-acylated LPS1435/1449 acts as an LPS1690 antagonist. To determine how P. gingivalis LPS1690 affects autophagy we assessed LC3-dependent and MREG-dependent processes in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3-expressing Saos-2 cells. LPS1690 stimulated the formation of very large LC3-positive vacuoles and MREG puncta. This LPS1690 -mediated LC3 lipidation decreased in the presence of LPS1435/1449 . When Saos-2 cells were incubated with P. gingivalis the bacteria internalized but did not traffic to GFP-LC3-positive structures. Nevertheless, increases in LC3 lipidation and MREG puncta were observed. Collectively, these results suggest that P. gingivalis internalization is not necessary for LC3 lipidation. Primary human gingival epithelial cells isolated from patients with periodontitis showed both LC3II and MREG puncta whereas cells from disease-free individuals exhibited little co-localization of these two proteins. These results suggest that the prevalence of a particular LPS moiety may modulate the degradative capacity of host cells, so influencing bacterial survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Blasi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Reyes-Reveles
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B J Shenker
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Shahabuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Alexander
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E T Lally
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Bragin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balashova N, Dhingra A, Boesze-Battaglia K, Lally ET. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin induces cytosol acidification in LFA-1 expressing immune cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:106-14. [PMID: 26361372 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (LtxA) kills human lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18)-bearing immune cells through a lysosomal-mediated mechanism. Lysosomes are membrane-bound cellular organelles that contain an array of acid hydrolases that are capable of breaking down biomolecules. The lysosomal membrane bilayer confines the pH-sensitive enzymes within an optimal acidic (pH 4.8) environment thereby protecting the slightly basic cytosol (pH 6.8-7.5). In the current study, we have probed the effect of LtxA-induced cytolysis on lysosomal integrity in two different K562 erythroleukemia cell lines. K562-puro/LFA-1 cells were stably transfected with CD11a and CD18 cDNA to express LFA-1 on the cell surface while K562-puro, which does not express LFA-1, served as a control. Following treatment with 100 ng ml(-1) LtxA cells were analyzed by live cell imaging in conjunction with time-lapse confocal microscopy and by flow cytometry. Using a pH-sensitive indicator (pHrodo(®)) we demonstrated that the toxin causes a decrease in the intracellular pH in K562-puro/LFA-1 cells that is noticeable within the first 15 min of treatment. This process correlated with the disappearance of lysosomes in the cytosol as determined by both acridine orange and LysoTracker(®) Red DND-99 staining. These changes were not observed in K562-puro cells or when heat inactivated toxin was added to K562-puro/LFA-1. Our results suggest that LtxA induces lysosomal damage, cytosol acidification, which is followed by cell death in K562-puro/LFA-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Balashova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E T Lally
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Little is known about factors associated with treatment initiation in overweight and obese adolescents. This study investigated parent-reported adolescent demographic, adolescent health, and parent motivation factors associated with initiation of a family-based adolescent overweight and obesity intervention. A telephone survey was completed by 349 parents calling to register their interest in participating in a cognitive behavioral lifestyle intervention for adolescent overweight and obesity. A total of 172 families (49.3%) returned their consent form to initiate treatment. A binomial logistic regression, with predictors entered in three blocks: (i) adolescent demographic (adolescent age, gender, adolescent BMI-for-age z-score, parent BMI); (ii) adolescent health (perceived adolescent physical and mental health, presence of an adolescent physical health problem or mental health problem, medication intake); and (iii) parent motivation (perceived adolescent weight category, concern about adolescent weight, importance of adolescent weight, confidence in adolescent capacity to change weight, priority of adolescent weight loss, discrepancy between adolescent current and ideal weight, previous weight loss attempts), was significant (χ2 (16) = 35.19, P = 0.004) accounting for 12.4-16.5% (95% confidence interval) of treatment initiation variance. Parent-reported adolescent physical health problem, parent perception of adolescent weight category, parent priority of adolescent weight loss, and parent perception of discrepancy between adolescent current and ideal weight were significant in the model. These findings indicate that data collected at intake are associated with treatment initiation and highlight the role of assessing and enhancing treatment motivation from initial contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Dhingra
- School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Abstract
The association of infiltrative ophthalmopathy with primary hypothyroidism is uncommon. We describe two such cases manifesting at different times during the course of primary hypothyroidism. The successful outcome of the present cases suggests that the timely addition of levothyroxine treatment alone or in combination with steroids is useful and effective in the management of hypothyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rajput
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Folta K, Maruhnich S, Dhingra A, Kumar D. Green light control of plant form and function. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Dhingra A, Lyubarsky A, Jiang M, Pugh EN, Birnbaumer L, Sterling P, Vardi N. The light response of ON bipolar neurons requires G[alpha]o. J Neurosci 2000; 20:9053-8. [PMID: 11124982 PMCID: PMC6773027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ON bipolar neurons in retina detect the glutamate released by rods and cones via metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), whose cascade is unknown. The trimeric G-protein G(o) might mediate this cascade because it colocalizes with mGluR6. To test this, we studied the retina in mice negative for the alpha subunit of G(o) (Galpha(o)-/-). Retinal layering, key cell types, synaptic structure, and mGluR6 expression were all normal, as was the a-wave of the electroretinogram, which represents the rod and cone photocurrents. However, the b-wave of the electroretinogram, both rod- and cone-driven components, was entirely missing. Because the b-wave represents the massed response of ON bipolar cells, its loss in the Galpha(o) null mouse establishes that the light response of the ON bipolar cell requires G(o). This represents the first function to be defined in vivo for the alpha subunit of the most abundant G-protein of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dhingra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The mouse serotonin 1F (5-HT1F) receptor is encoded by at least three transcripts in mouse brain. These transcripts are expressed predominantly in cortex and hippocampus. Similar transcripts are seen in Northern analysis of rat brain mRNA. 5' RACE showed a predominant transcription start site around 350 bp upstream of the translational start present in mouse cDNA. Our results suggest that the heterogeneity seen in transcript size is due to differences in the 3' untranslated region, which could play a critical role in mRNA targeting and localization. The mouse 5-HT1F genomic clone shows the coding region to be intronless and an intron splice junction is seen in the 5' untranslated region which is conserved in both rat and mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Guptan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumaravelu S, Narayanan VA, Gopinathan VP, Dhingra A, Bhalla IP, Krishnan NR. Intestinal pseudo obstruction with galactorrhoea. J Assoc Physicians India 1989; 37:275-7. [PMID: 2613622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
29
|
Amma MK, Dani HM, Ahluwalia P, Dhingra A, Kaur J, Kaur C, Sharma S, Jain K, Singh S, Sareen K. 1,2-Propanediol-induced changes in plasma and tissue lipids of rats. Lipids 1978; 13:455-7. [PMID: 672486 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of 1,2-propanediol to rats in a daily dose of 1 ml of 28.4% aqueous solution per 100 g body weight for 30 days caused a significant decrease in the total lipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides of plasma, liver, and heart. The cholesterol content in plasma decreased while that in the tissues increased significantly. The accumulation of cholesterol in tissues tends to discourage long term use of 1,2-propanediol even by the oral route.
Collapse
|