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Chawla M, Chawla P, Saboo B, Chawla R, Gangopadhyay KK, Kalra S, Aravind S, Sinha B, Shah T, Kesavadev J, Rajput R. Scientific advisory on nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with diabetes: Recommendations from Indian experts. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102587. [PMID: 36055167 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin is one of the commonly prescribed glucose lowering agents in diabetes. Hypoglycemia is the most common complication, and severe hypoglycemia is the most serious complication of insulin therapy. Almost half of all severe hypoglycemia episodes (HEs) occur at night. However, patients are often unaware of their nocturnal hypoglycaemia (NH) risk. Additionally, both healthcare professionals and patients find it difficult to manage NH. The purpose of this expert group meeting is to improve NH awareness and provide guidance for the physicians to recognize and manage NH. METHOD The panel of experts in an e-board deliberated extensively upon the available literature and guidelines on hypoglycemia and NH discussed the consensus on definition, detection, reporting, monitoring, treatment, and optimization of therapy in NH. RESULT & Conclusion: Though there are many guidelines on the management of HEs in patients with diabetes, very few touch the topic of NH. This scientific advisory on management of NH in insulin treated patients with diabetes is formulated to address this gap in understanding regarding management of NH. The experts provide recommendations for the nocturnal window, defining NH based on blood glucose values, recognition, prevention and management of NH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chawla
- Lina Diabetes Care Centre, Mumbai, India.
| | - P Chawla
- Consultant Diabetologist and Director of Clinical Research, Lina Diabetes Care and Mumbai Diabetes Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - B Saboo
- Dept of Endocrinology, Dia Care, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
| | - R Chawla
- North Delhi Diabetes Centre, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - K K Gangopadhyay
- Consultant in Endocrinology, CK Birla Hospitals, Peerless Hospital, India
| | - S Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
| | | | - B Sinha
- AMRI and Fortis Hospitals, Kolkata, India
| | - T Shah
- Director and Diabetologist Iva Diabetes Care Centre Mumbai, Sl Raheja Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - J Kesavadev
- Jothydev's Diabetes and Research Center, Kerala, India
| | - R Rajput
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Gowthami R, Sharma N, Gangopadhyay KK, Rajkumar S, Pathania P, Agrawal A. Cryopreservation of pollen of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus as an aid to overcome asynchronous flowering for wide hybridization with cultivated Okra [A. esculentus (L.) Moench]. Cryo Letters 2021; 42:233-244. [PMID: 35363843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asynchronous flowering is one of the major constraints for hybridization between Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. moschatus, a wild species closely related to cultivated okra [A. esculentus (L.) Moench]. Availability of viable pollen is a prerequisite to facilitate breeding in these species. OBJECTIVES Pollen cryopreservation was attempted in A. moschatus subsp. moschatus, to overcome the asynchronous flowering barrier during wide hybridization with A. esculentus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability of fresh pollen of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus was assessed using acetocarmine and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test and in vitro germination by sitting drop culture method. Pollen of 10 accessions were stored at four temperatures (25, 4, -20 and -196 degree C), in the dark and periodically monitored for viability. The standardized cryopreservation protocol was applied to 24 accessions of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus over three months. In vivo pollen germination of 24 accessions of cryopreserved pollen and its efficacy on fertilizing A. esculentus cv 'Pusa Sawani' were recorded and pollen was utilized for hybridization with A. esculentus. RESULTS Brewbaker and Kwack medium with 15% sucrose was optimal for in vitro pollen germination. Pollen viability assessed by in vitro germination (60-90 %) was more reliable compared to acetocarmine (90-99 %) and TTC (85-99 %) staining tests. Significant negative correlation was found between pollen germination, storage time and temperature (25, 4 and -20 degree C) in all the accessions. Cryopreserved (-196 degree C) pollen showed significantly higher viability compared to all the other storage conditions, without viability loss. Successful pollination, fruit and seed set was observed in four out of 24 cross combinations attempted. CONCLUSION The cryopreservation of pollen of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus and its fertilizing ability offers great potential for a successful wide hybridization programme in okra.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gowthami
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - N Sharma
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - K K Gangopadhyay
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - S Rajkumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - P Pathania
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - A Agrawal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India.
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Kalra S, A K D, Md F, K S, P S, A A R, M J, S S, A O, M R S, Selim S, M P B, Gangopadhyay KK, Y A L, T N, D D, S D T, V D, Dutta D, H K, R M, S D, A D, A B, G P, S C, Dhingra A, N P, A AA, M M. Glucodynamics and glucocracy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical evidence and practice-based opinion on modern sulfonylurea use, from an International Expert Group (South Asia, Middle East & Africa) via modified Delphi method. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:403-409. [PMID: 33319626 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1864309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic. According to international guidelines, the management protocol of T2DM includes lowering of blood glucose, along with preventing disease-related complications and maintaining optimal quality of life. Further, the guidelines recommend the use of a patient-centric approaches for the management of T2DM; however, Asian population is underrepresented in landmark cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). There are several guidelines available today for the diagnosis and management of T2DM, and hence there is much confusion among practitioners about which guidelines to follow. A group of thirty international clinical experts comprising of endocrinologists, diabetologists and cardiologist from South Asia, Middle East and Africa met at New Delhi, India on February 8 and 9, 2020 and developed an international expert opinion statements via a structured modified Delphi method on the glucodynamic properties of OADs and the glucocratic treatment approach for the management of T2DM. In this modified Delphi consensus report, we document the glucodynamic properties of Modern SUs in terms of glucoconfidence, glucosafety, and gluconomics. According to glucodynamics theory, an ideal antidiabetic drug should be efficacious, safe, and affordable. Modern SUs as a class of OADs that have demonstrated optimal glucodynamics in terms of glucoconfidence, glucosafety, and gluconomics. Hence, modern SUs are most suitable second line drug after metformin for developing countries. Based on the current evidence, we recommend a glucocratic approach for the treatment of T2DM, where an individualized treatment plan with phenotype, lifestyle, environmental, social, and cultural factors should be considered for persons with T2DM in the South Asian, Middle Eastern and African regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Das A K
- Department of Endocrinology & Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Fariduddin Md
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh K
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Royal Oman Police Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah P
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rehim A A
- Department of Endocrinology & Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - John M
- Department of Endocrinology, Providence Endocrine & Diabetes Specialty Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shaikh S
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Orabi A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Saraswati M R
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Shahjada Selim
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Baruah M P
- Department of Endocrinology, Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Langi Y A
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Nair T
- Department of Cardiology, PRS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanwal D
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, NMC Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Thapa S D
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deshmukh V
- Department of Endocrinology, Deshmukh Clinic and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - D Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis & Rheumatology (CEDAR), Superspeciality Clinic, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalfan H
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Sayh, Bahrain
| | - Maskey R
- Department of Internal Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Das S
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals in Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dasgupta A
- Department of Endocrinology, Rudraksh Superspeciality Care, Siliguri, India
| | - Bajaj A
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Al Seef Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Priya G
- Department of Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrasekaran S
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Dr. Rela Institute of Medical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Endocrinology, Gangaram Bansal Hospital, Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pandey N
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Al Ani A
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moosa M
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male, Maldives
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Roy A, Spoorthi P, Panwar G, Bag MK, Prasad TV, Kumar G, Gangopadhyay KK, Dutta M. Molecular Evidence for Occurrence of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Ash Gourd (Benincasa hispida) Germplasm Showing a Severe Yellow Stunt Disease in India. Indian J Virol 2013; 24:74-7. [PMID: 24426262 PMCID: PMC3650187 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of 70 accessions of ash gourd germplasm grown at National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India during Kharif season (2010) showed natural occurrence of a yellow stunt disease in three accessions (IC554690, IC036330 and Pusa Ujjwal). A set of begomovirus specific primers used in PCR gave expected amplicon from all the symptomatic plants; however no betasatellite was detected. Complete genome of the begomovirus (DNA-A and DNA-B), amplified through rolling circle amplification, was cloned and sequenced. The begomovirus under study shared high sequence identities to different isolates of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and clustered with them. Among those isolates, the DNA-A and DNA-B of the present begomovirus isolate showed highest 99.6 and 96.8 % sequence identities, respectively with an isolate reported on pumpkin from India (DNA-A: AM286433, DNA-B: AM286435). Based on the sequence analysis, the begomovirus obtained from ash gourd was considered as an isolate of ToLCNDV. Thus, the present findings constitute the first report of occurrence of a new yellow stunt disease in ash gourd from India and demonstrated the association of ToLCNDV with the symptomatic samples. Occurrence of ToLCNDV in ash gourd germplasm not only adds up a new cucurbitaceous host of this virus but also raises the concern about the perpetuation of this virus in absence of its main host tomato and thus has an epidemiological relevance for understanding the rapid spread of this virus in tomato and other hosts in Indian sub-continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - P. Spoorthi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - G. Panwar
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Manas Kumar Bag
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - T. V. Prasad
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Gunjeet Kumar
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - K. K. Gangopadhyay
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - M. Dutta
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
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