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Lami F, Elfadul M, Rashak HA, Al Nsour M, Akhtar H, Khader YS, Hussein AM, Naciri M, Samy S, Ghaleb Y, Taha HA, Aljanabe AH, Ali NA, Zayer RH, Ikram A, Rahman FU, Khan MM, Adam R, Ahmed AY, Afifi S. Risk Factors of COVID-19 Critical Outcomes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Multicountry Retrospective Study . JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 8:e32831. [PMID: 34736222 PMCID: PMC8929409 DOI: 10.2196/32831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of empirical evidence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) necessitates the implementation of wide-scale studies to describe the demographic, clinical features, and severity profile of COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the patterns of COVID-19 severity and mortality in seven countries and to determine the risk factors of COVID-19 severity and mortality. METHODS This multi-country study was based on a retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized patients confirmed to have COVID-19. This study included data from Iraq, Pakistan, Sudan, Somalia, Morocco, Egypt, and Yemen. All demographic and clinical data were extracted from hospital records (paper files) by trained data collectors. RESULTS A total of 4141 patients were included in this study from seven countries. Comorbidities were reported by nearly half of the patients, with hypertension (HT) (24.7%) and diabetes (22.7%) being the most common. Older age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart diseases were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Ever smoking and renal diseases were significantly associated with severity but not mortality, while male gender, respiratory diseases, and malignancy were significantly associated with mortality but not severity. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the role of comorbidities and demographic features on the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Understanding the contributing factors ensures attentive care and informs clinical management of patients with poorer prognoses in the early stages of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Lami
- University of Baghdad, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Baghdad, IQ
| | - Maisa Elfadul
- University of Medical Sciences amd Technology ,Sudan, Federal Minstry of Health, Airport avenue,, Khartoum, SD
| | | | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- Global Health Development (GHD), The Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Amman, JO
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental Collage, Islamabad, PK
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine/ Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Amman, JO
| | | | - Mariam Naciri
- Research Center Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment (BIOBIO), Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, MA
| | - Sahar Samy
- Communicable disease control department - Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, EG
| | - Yasser Ghaleb
- Ministry of Public Health and Population, Yemen Field Epidemiology Training Program, Sana'a, YE
| | - Hana Ahmad Taha
- Global Health Development (GHD)
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Health Protection and Promotion, Amman, JO
| | | | | | - Raheem Hussein Zayer
- Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, IQ
| | | | - Fazal Ur Rahman
- Medical Unit 1 Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PK
| | | | - Reema Adam
- Federal Ministry of Health, Directorate of Emergency and Humantarian actions, Khartoum, SD
| | | | - Salma Afifi
- Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, EG
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