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Pritchard CE, Williams AP, Davies P, Jones D, Smith AR. Spatial behaviour of sheep during the neonatal period: Preliminary study on the influence of shelter. Animal 2021; 15:100252. [PMID: 34090091 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective shelter has been demonstrated to reduce neonatal lamb mortality rates during periods of inclement weather. Periods of high wind speed and rainfall have been shown to influence shelter usage; however, it is not yet known how ewe factors such as breed, age and body condition score influence shelter-seeking behaviour. This study, conducted on a working upland farm in the UK, examined impact of artificial shelter on the biological and climatic factors that influence peri-parturient ewe behaviour. Pregnant ewes (n = 147) were randomly allocated between two adjacent fields which were selected for their similarity in size, topography, pasture management, orientation to the prevailing wind and available natural shelter. In one field, three additional artificial shelters were installed to increase the available shelter for ewes, this field was designated the Test field; no additional artificial shelter was provided in the second field which was used as the Control field. Individual ewes were observed every 2 h between 0800 and 1600 for 14 continuous days to monitor their location relative to shelter. Ewe breed (Aberfield and Highlander), age (2-8 years) and body condition score were considered as explanatory variables to explain flock and individual variance in shelter-seeking behaviour and the prevalence of issues which required the intervention of the shepherd, termed 'shepherding problems'. Any ewe observed with dystocia, a dead or poor vigour lamb or who exhibited mismothering behaviour was recorded as a shepherding problem. The prevalence of these shepherding problems which necessitate human intervention represents arguably the most critical limiting factor for the successful management of commercial sheep flocks in outdoor lambing systems. Overall, ewes in the Test field with access to additional artificial shelter experienced fewer shepherding problems than those in the Control field (P < 0.05). A significant breed effect was also observed, with Highlander ewes more likely to seek shelter than Aberfield ewes (P < 0.001), and experiencing significantly fewer shepherding interventions (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the substantial and significant benefits to animal welfare and productivity that can be achieved through the provision of shelter in commercial, upland, outdoor lambing systems in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Pritchard
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - A P Williams
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK.
| | - P Davies
- Department of Livestock & One Health, Institute of Infection, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D Jones
- Innovis Ltd., Capel Dewi, Aberystwyth SY23 3HU, UK
| | - A R Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
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Smith AR, Nelson EE, Kircanski K, Rappaport BI, Do QB, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Jarcho JM. Social anxiety and age are associated with neural response to social evaluation during adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 42:100768. [PMID: 32077442 PMCID: PMC7030986 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive period for the development of adaptive social behaviors and social anxiety, possibly due to aspects of brain development. However, research is needed to examine interactions among age, social anxiety, and social dynamics previously shown to influence neural responding. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examines brain function in 8-18 year-olds with varying levels of social anxiety. Interactions are examined among age, social anxiety, and two key task factors: valence and predictability of social interactions. Results demonstrate age, social anxiety severity, and each of the two key task-based factors interact to predict neural response in the caudate, middle and superior temporal gyri. In particular, among adolescents less-than 13 years of age, higher social anxiety predicted greater responding to unpredictable negative evaluations. However, in this same age group, the opposite pattern emerged during receipt of unpredictable positive evaluations, with less neural response in more anxious youth. Adolescents aged 13 and older overall showed less robust effects. We discuss these findings in terms of age- and anxiety-related differences in socioemotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States.
| | - E E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH United States
| | - K Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - B I Rappaport
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri United States
| | - Q B Do
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States
| | - E Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - D S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD United States
| | - J M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States
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Smith AR, Karim SA, Reif RR, Beck WC, Taylor JR, Davis BL, Bhavaraju AV, Jensen HK, Kimbrough MK, Sexton KW. ROTEM as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Severe Trauma. J Surg Res 2020; 251:107-111. [PMID: 32114212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage, especially when complicated by coagulopathy, is the most preventable cause of death in trauma patients. We hypothesized that assessing hemostatic function using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) or conventional coagulation tests can predict the risk of mortality in patients with severe trauma indicated by an injury severity score greater than 15. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed trauma patients with an injury severity score >15 who were admitted to the emergency department between November 2015 and August 2017 in a single level I trauma center. Patients with available ROTEM and conventional coagulation data (partial thromboplastin time [PTT], prothrombin time [PT], and international normalized ratio) were included in the study cohort. Logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between coagulation status and mortality. RESULTS The study cohort included 301 patients with an average age of 47 y, and 75% of the patients were males. Mortality was 23% (n = 68). Significant predictors of mortality included abnormal APTEM (thromboelastometry (TEM) assay in which fibrinolysis is inhibited by aprotinin (AP) in the reagent) parameters, specifically a low APTEM alpha angle, a high APTEM clot formation time, and a high APTEM clotting time. In addition, an abnormal international normalized ratio significantly predicted mortality, whereas abnormal PT and PTT did not. CONCLUSIONS A low APTEM alpha angle, an elevated APTEM clot formation time, and a high APTEM clotting time significantly predicted mortality, whereas abnormal PT and PTT did not appear to be associated with increased mortality in this patient population. Viscoelastic testing such as ROTEM appears to have indications in the management and stabilization of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina R Smith
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Saleema A Karim
- The Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rebecca R Reif
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - William C Beck
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John R Taylor
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Benjamin L Davis
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Avi V Bhavaraju
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Hanna K Jensen
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mary K Kimbrough
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kevin W Sexton
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
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4
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Alduino C, Alessandria F, Alfonso K, Andreotti E, Arnaboldi C, Avignone FT, Azzolini O, Balata M, Bandac I, Banks TI, Bari G, Barucci M, Beeman JW, Bellini F, Benato G, Bersani A, Biare D, Biassoni M, Bragazzi F, Branca A, Brofferio C, Bryant A, Buccheri A, Bucci C, Bulfon C, Camacho A, Caminata A, Canonica L, Cao XG, Capelli S, Capodiferro M, Cappelli L, Cardani L, Cariello M, Carniti P, Carrettoni M, Casali N, Cassina L, Cereseto R, Ceruti G, Chiarini A, Chiesa D, Chott N, Clemenza M, Conventi D, Copello S, Cosmelli C, Cremonesi O, Crescentini C, Creswick RJ, Cushman JS, D'Addabbo A, D'Aguanno D, Dafinei I, Datskov V, Davis CJ, Del Corso F, Dell'Oro S, Deninno MM, Di Domizio S, Di Vacri ML, Di Paolo L, Drobizhev A, Ejzak L, Faccini R, Fang DQ, Faverzani M, Ferri E, Ferroni F, Fiorini E, Franceschi MA, Freedman SJ, Fujikawa BK, Gaigher R, Giachero A, Gironi L, Giuliani A, Gladstone L, Goett J, Gorla P, Gotti C, Guandalini C, Guerzoni M, Gutierrez TD, Haller EE, Han K, Hansen EV, Heeger KM, Hennings-Yeomans R, Hickerson KP, Huang HZ, Iannone M, Ioannucci L, Kadel R, Keppel G, Kogler L, Kolomensky YG, Leder A, Ligi C, Lim KE, Liu X, Ma YG, Maiano C, Maino M, Marini L, Martinez M, Martinez Amaya C, Maruyama RH, Mei Y, Moggi N, Morganti S, Mosteiro PJ, Nagorny SS, Napolitano T, Nastasi M, Nisi S, Nones C, Norman EB, Novati V, Nucciotti A, Nutini I, O'Donnell T, Olcese M, Olivieri E, Orio F, Orlandi D, Ouellet JL, Pagliarone CE, Pallavicini M, Palmieri V, Pattavina L, Pavan M, Pedretti M, Pedrotta R, Pelosi A, Pessina G, Pettinacci V, Piperno G, Pira C, Pirro S, Pozzi S, Previtali E, Reindl F, Rimondi F, Risegari L, Rosenfeld C, Rossi C, Rusconi C, Sakai M, Sala E, Salvioni C, Sangiorgio S, Santone D, Schaeffer D, Schmidt B, Schmidt J, Scielzo ND, Singh V, Sisti M, Smith AR, Stivanello F, Taffarello L, Tatananni L, Tenconi M, Terranova F, Tessaro M, Tomei C, Ventura G, Vignati M, Wagaarachchi SL, Wallig J, Wang BS, Wang HW, Welliver B, Wilson J, Wilson K, Winslow LA, Wise T, Zanotti L, Zarra C, Zhang GQ, Zhu BX, Zimmermann S, Zucchelli S. First Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via 0νββ Decay of ^{130}Te. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:132501. [PMID: 29694201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The CUORE experiment, a ton-scale cryogenic bolometer array, recently began operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The array represents a significant advancement in this technology, and in this work we apply it for the first time to a high-sensitivity search for a lepton-number-violating process: ^{130}Te neutrinoless double-beta decay. Examining a total TeO_{2} exposure of 86.3 kg yr, characterized by an effective energy resolution of (7.7±0.5) keV FWHM and a background in the region of interest of (0.014±0.002) counts/(keV kg yr), we find no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Including systematic uncertainties, we place a lower limit on the decay half-life of T_{1/2}^{0ν}(^{130}Te)>1.3×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.); the median statistical sensitivity of this search is 7.0×10^{24} yr. Combining this result with those of two earlier experiments, Cuoricino and CUORE-0, we find T_{1/2}^{0ν}(^{130}Te)>1.5×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.), which is the most stringent limit to date on this decay. Interpreting this result as a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, we find m_{ββ}<(110-520) meV, where the range reflects the nuclear matrix element estimates employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alduino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - K Alfonso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - E Andreotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell'Insubria, Como I-22100, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - O Azzolini
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - M Balata
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - I Bandac
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T I Banks
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Bari
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - M Barucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
| | - J W Beeman
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Bellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - G Benato
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bersani
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - D Biare
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Biassoni
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - F Bragazzi
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - A Branca
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - C Brofferio
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A Bryant
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Buccheri
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - C Bucci
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - C Bulfon
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - A Camacho
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - A Caminata
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - L Canonica
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X G Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - S Capelli
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | | | - L Cappelli
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Cardani
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - M Cariello
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Carrettoni
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - N Casali
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - L Cassina
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - R Cereseto
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - G Ceruti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A Chiarini
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - D Chiesa
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Clemenza
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - D Conventi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - S Copello
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - C Cosmelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - O Cremonesi
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | | | - R J Creswick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J S Cushman
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A D'Addabbo
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - D D'Aguanno
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino I-03043, Italy
| | - I Dafinei
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - V Datskov
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C J Davis
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Del Corso
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - S Dell'Oro
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- INFN - Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - M M Deninno
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - S Di Domizio
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - M L Di Vacri
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - L Di Paolo
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Drobizhev
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Ejzak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Faccini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - D Q Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - M Faverzani
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - E Ferri
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - F Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - E Fiorini
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M A Franceschi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma) I-00044, Italy
| | - S J Freedman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B K Fujikawa
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Gaigher
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A Giachero
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - L Gironi
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A Giuliani
- CSNSM, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Gladstone
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Goett
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - P Gorla
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - C Gotti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Guandalini
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - M Guerzoni
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - T D Gutierrez
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
| | - E E Haller
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Han
- INPAC and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - E V Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K M Heeger
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R Hennings-Yeomans
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - H Z Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Iannone
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - L Ioannucci
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - R Kadel
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Keppel
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - L Kogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Leder
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Ligi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma) I-00044, Italy
| | - K E Lim
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y G Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - C Maiano
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Maino
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - L Marini
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - M Martinez
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear y Astroparticulas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - C Martinez Amaya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R H Maruyama
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Mei
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Moggi
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - S Morganti
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | | | - S S Nagorny
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- INFN - Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - T Napolitano
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma) I-00044, Italy
| | - M Nastasi
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - S Nisi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - C Nones
- Service de Physique des Particules, CEA / Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E B Norman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Novati
- CSNSM, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Nucciotti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - I Nutini
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- INFN - Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - T O'Donnell
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - M Olcese
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - E Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
| | - F Orio
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - D Orlandi
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - J L Ouellet
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C E Pagliarone
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino I-03043, Italy
| | - M Pallavicini
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - V Palmieri
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - L Pattavina
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - M Pavan
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Pedretti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Pedrotta
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - A Pelosi
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - G Pessina
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | | | - G Piperno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - C Pira
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - S Pirro
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - S Pozzi
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - E Previtali
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - F Reindl
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - F Rimondi
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - L Risegari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
| | - C Rosenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - C Rossi
- INFN - Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - C Rusconi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - M Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - E Sala
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Salvioni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell'Insubria, Como I-22100, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - S Sangiorgio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Santone
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - D Schaeffer
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - B Schmidt
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Schmidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N D Scielzo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Sisti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A R Smith
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Stivanello
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | | | - L Tatananni
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - M Tenconi
- CSNSM, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Terranova
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Tessaro
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - C Tomei
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - G Ventura
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
| | - M Vignati
- INFN - Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - S L Wagaarachchi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Wallig
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B S Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H W Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - B Welliver
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - L A Winslow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Wise
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Zanotti
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Zarra
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67100, Italy
| | - G Q Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - B X Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Zimmermann
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
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5
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Malogolowkin MH, Hemmer MT, Le-Rademacher J, Hale GA, Mehta PA, Smith AR, Kitko C, Abraham A, Abdel-Azim H, Dandoy C, Angel Diaz M, Gale RP, Guilcher G, Hayashi R, Jodele S, Kasow KA, MacMillian ML, Thakar M, Wirk BM, Woolfrey A, Thiel EL. Outcomes following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with relapsed Wilms' tumor: a CIBMTR retrospective analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1549-1555. [PMID: 28869618 PMCID: PMC5665725 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic improvement in the overall survival for patients diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor (WT), the outcomes for those that experience relapse have remained disappointing. We describe the outcomes of 253 patients with relapsed WT who received high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) between 1990 and 2013, and reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research (CIBMTR). The 5-year estimates for event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 36% (95% CI; 29 – 43%) and 45% (95% CI; 38 – 51%) respectively. Relapse of primary disease was the cause of death in 81% of the population. EFS, OS, relapse and transplant-related mortality (TRM) showed no significant differences when broken down by disease status at transplant, time from diagnosis to transplant, year of transplant or conditioning regimen. Our data suggest that HDT followed by autologous HCT for relapsed WT is well tolerated and outcomes are similar to those reported in the literature. Since attempts to conduct a randomized trial comparing maintenance chemotherapy with consolidation versus high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplant have failed, one should balance the potential benefits with the yet unknown long-term risks. Since disease recurrence continues to be the most common cause of death, future research should focus on the development of consolidation therapies for those patients achieving complete response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Malogolowkin
- Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M T Hemmer
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Le-Rademacher
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G A Hale
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - P A Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A R Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Kitko
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Abraham
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - H Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Dandoy
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Angel Diaz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Nino Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - R P Gale
- Hematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Guilcher
- Section of Paediatric Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Hayashi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Jodele
- Cincinnatti Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K A Kasow
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M L MacMillian
- University of Minnesota Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Thakar
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B M Wirk
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Woolfrey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E L Thiel
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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6
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Butt Z, Dew MA, Liu Q, Simpson MA, Smith AR, Zee J, Gillespie BW, Abbey SE, Ladner DP, Weinrieb R, Fisher RA, Hafliger S, Terrault N, Burton J, Sherker AH, DiMartini A. Psychological Outcomes of Living Liver Donors From a Multicenter Prospective Study: Results From the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study2 (A2ALL-2). Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1267-1277. [PMID: 27865040 PMCID: PMC5612366 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although single-center and cross-sectional studies have suggested a modest impact of liver donation on donor psychological well-being, few studies have assessed these outcomes prospectively among a large cohort. We conducted one of the largest, prospective, multicenter studies of psychological outcomes in living liver donors within the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study2 (A2ALL-2) consortium. In total, 271 (91%) of 297 eligible donors were interviewed at least once before donation and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after donation using validated measures. We found that living liver donors reported low rates of major depressive (0-3%), alcohol abuse (2-5%), and anxiety syndromes (2-3%) at any given assessment in their first 2 years after donation. Between 4.7% and 9.6% of donors reported impaired mental well-being at various time points. We identified significant predictors for donors' perceptions of being better people and experiencing psychological growth following donation, including age, sex, relationship to recipient, ambivalence and motivation regarding donation, and feeling that donation would make life more worthwhile. Our results highlight the need for close psychosocial monitoring for those donors whose recipients died (n=27); some of those donors experienced guilt and concerns about responsibility. Careful screening and targeted, data-driven follow-up hold promise for optimizing psychological outcomes following this procedure for potentially vulnerable donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Butt
- Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Surgery, & Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University, Chicago IL
| | - MA Dew
- Departments of Psychiatry, Surgery, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Q Liu
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - MA Simpson
- Department of Transplantation, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA
| | - AR Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J Zee
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - BW Gillespie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - SE Abbey
- Department of Psychiatry and Transplantation, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA
| | - DP Ladner
- Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Surgery, & Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University, Chicago IL
| | - R Weinrieb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RA Fisher
- Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Transplantation, The Transplant Institute Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - S Hafliger
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - N Terrault
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - J Burton
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - AH Sherker
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A DiMartini
- Departments of Psychiatry, Surgery, and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
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7
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DiMartini A, Dew MA, Liu Q, Simpson MA, Ladner DP, Smith AR, Zee J, Abbey S, Gillespie BW, Weinrieb R, Mandell MS, Fisher RA, Emond JC, Freise CE, Sherker AH, Butt Z. Social and Financial Outcomes of Living Liver Donation: A Prospective Investigation Within the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study 2 (A2ALL-2). Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1081-1096. [PMID: 27647626 PMCID: PMC5359081 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Because results from single-center (mostly kidney) donor studies demonstrate interpersonal relationship and financial strains for some donors, we conducted a liver donor study involving nine centers within the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study 2 (A2ALL-2) consortium. Among other initiatives, A2ALL-2 examined the nature of these outcomes following donation. Using validated measures, donors were prospectively surveyed before donation and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after donation. Repeated-measures regression models were used to examine social relationship and financial outcomes over time and to identify relevant predictors. Of 297 eligible donors, 271 (91%) consented and were interviewed at least once. Relationship changes were positive overall across postdonation time points, with nearly one-third reporting improved donor family and spousal or partner relationships and >50% reporting improved recipient relationships. The majority of donors, however, reported cumulative out-of-pocket medical and nonmedical expenses, which were judged burdensome by 44% of donors. Lower income predicted burdensome donation costs. Those who anticipated financial concerns and who held nonprofessional positions before donation were more likely to experience adverse financial outcomes. These data support the need for initiatives to reduce financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- A DiMartini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - MA Dew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - MA Simpson
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Clinical Research and Education, Burlington, MA, USA,Department of Transplantation, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - DP Ladner
- Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Chicago, IL, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - AR Smith
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Departments of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Zee
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Abbey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto ON, CA
| | - BW Gillespie
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Weinrieb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - MS Mandell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver CO, USA
| | - RA Fisher
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA (current affiliation, Beth Israel Deaconess Department of Surgery, Harvard University)
| | - JC Emond
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - CE Freise
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - AH Sherker
- Liver Diseases Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z Butt
- Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Chicago, IL, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA,Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
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8
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Phelan R, Mann E, Napurski C, DeFor TE, Petryk A, Miller WP, Wagner JE, Verneris MR, Smith AR. Ovarian function after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a descriptive study following the use of GnRH agonists for myeloablative conditioning and observation only for reduced-intensity conditioning. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1369-1375. [PMID: 27272448 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal failure is a health and quality-of-life concern in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) survivors. While ovarian dysfunction is nearly universal following myeloablative (MA) conditioning, the risk is unclear after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists decrease ovarian failure rates following conventional chemotherapy, but little is known about its effectiveness with HCT. We investigated the impact of leuprolide on ovarian function after MA conditioning and monitored ovarian function after RIC in this descriptive pilot study. Post-menarchal females <50 years undergoing HCT with adequate baseline ovarian function (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level <40 mIU/mL and normal menstruation) were eligible. Prior to MA conditioning, leuprolide was administered. Those undergoing RIC were observed. FSH was measured at various time points. Seventeen women aged 12-45 years were evaluated (7 in the intervention group and 10 in the observation group). Compared to the historical high rate of ovarian failure after MA conditioning, 3 of 7 evaluable Lupron recipients had ovarian failure at a median of 703 days post transplant. Ovarian failure occurred in 1 of 10 recipients of RIC at a median follow-up of 901 days. In conclusion, leuprolide may protect ovarian function after MA conditioning. Additionally, RIC with cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and low-dose TBI has a low risk of ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Phelan
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E Mann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Napurski
- Cancer Survivorship Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - T E DeFor
- BMT Research Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Petryk
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - W P Miller
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J E Wagner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M R Verneris
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A R Smith
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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9
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Samstein B, Smith AR, Freise CE, Zimmerman M, Baker T, Othloff KM, Fisher RA, Merion RM. Complications and Their Resolution in Recipients of Deceased and Living Donor Liver Transplants: Findings From the A2ALL Cohort Study. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:594-602. [PMID: 26461803 PMCID: PMC4733444 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore long-term complications in recipients of deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) and living donor liver transplant (LDLT) in the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study (A2ALL). We analyzed 471 DDLTs and 565 LDLTs from 1998 to 2010 that were followed up to 10 years for 36 categories of complications. Probabilities of complications and their resolutions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictors were tested in Cox proportional hazards models. Median follow-up for DDLT and LDLT was 4.19 and 4.80 years, respectively. DDLT recipients were more likely to have hepatocellular carcinoma and higher disease severity, including Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Complications occurring with higher probability in LDLT included biliary-related complications and hepatic artery thrombosis. In DDLT, ascites, intra-abdominal bleeding, cardiac complications and pulmonary edema were significantly more probable. Development of chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 was less likely in LDLT recipients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, p = 0.02). DDLT and LDLT had similar risk of grade 4 complications (HR 0.89, p = 0.60), adjusted for other risk factors. Once a complication occurred, the time to resolution did not differ between LDLT and DDLT. Future efforts should be directed toward reducing the occurrence of complications after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Samstein
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - AR Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - CE Freise
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - M Zimmerman
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - T Baker
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - KM Othloff
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - RA Fisher
- Division of Transplantation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - RM Merion
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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10
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Alfonso K, Artusa DR, Avignone FT, Azzolini O, Balata M, Banks TI, Bari G, Beeman JW, Bellini F, Bersani A, Biassoni M, Brofferio C, Bucci C, Caminata A, Canonica L, Cao XG, Capelli S, Cappelli L, Carbone L, Cardani L, Casali N, Cassina L, Chiesa D, Chott N, Clemenza M, Copello S, Cosmelli C, Cremonesi O, Creswick RJ, Cushman JS, Dafinei I, Dally A, Dell'Oro S, Deninno MM, Di Domizio S, Di Vacri ML, Drobizhev A, Ejzak L, Fang DQ, Faverzani M, Fernandes G, Ferri E, Ferroni F, Fiorini E, Freedman SJ, Fujikawa BK, Giachero A, Gironi L, Giuliani A, Gorla P, Gotti C, Gutierrez TD, Haller EE, Han K, Hansen E, Heeger KM, Hennings-Yeomans R, Hickerson KP, Huang HZ, Kadel R, Keppel G, Kolomensky YG, Lim KE, Liu X, Ma YG, Maino M, Martinez M, Maruyama RH, Mei Y, Moggi N, Morganti S, Nisi S, Nones C, Norman EB, Nucciotti A, O'Donnell T, Orio F, Orlandi D, Ouellet JL, Pagliarone CE, Pallavicini M, Palmieri V, Pattavina L, Pavan M, Pedretti M, Pessina G, Pettinacci V, Piperno G, Pirro S, Pozzi S, Previtali E, Rosenfeld C, Rusconi C, Sala E, Sangiorgio S, Santone D, Scielzo ND, Sisti M, Smith AR, Taffarello L, Tenconi M, Terranova F, Tomei C, Trentalange S, Ventura G, Vignati M, Wagaarachchi SL, Wang BS, Wang HW, Wielgus L, Wilson J, Winslow LA, Wise T, Zanotti L, Zarra C, Zhang GQ, Zhu BX, Zucchelli S. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of (130)Te with CUORE-0. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:102502. [PMID: 26382673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in a 9.8 kg yr exposure of (130)Te using a bolometric detector array, CUORE-0. The characteristic detector energy resolution and background level in the region of interest are 5.1±0.3 keV FWHM and 0.058±0.004(stat)±0.002(syst)counts/(keV kg yr), respectively. The median 90% C.L. lower-limit half-life sensitivity of the experiment is 2.9×10(24) yr and surpasses the sensitivity of previous searches. We find no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay of (130)Te and place a Bayesian lower bound on the decay half-life, T(1/2)(0ν)>2.7×10(24) yr at 90% C.L. Combining CUORE-0 data with the 19.75 kg yr exposure of (130)Te from the Cuoricino experiment we obtain T(1/2)(0ν)>4.0×10(24) yr at 90% C.L. (Bayesian), the most stringent limit to date on this half-life. Using a range of nuclear matrix element estimates we interpret this as a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, m(ββ)<270-760 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alfonso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D R Artusa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - O Azzolini
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - M Balata
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - T I Banks
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Bari
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - J W Beeman
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Bellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - A Bersani
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - M Biassoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Brofferio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Bucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - A Caminata
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - L Canonica
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - X G Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - S Capelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - L Cappelli
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino I-03043, Italy
| | - L Carbone
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - L Cardani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - N Casali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - L Cassina
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - D Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Clemenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - S Copello
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - C Cosmelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - O Cremonesi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - R J Creswick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J S Cushman
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - I Dafinei
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - A Dally
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Dell'Oro
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
- INFN-Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - M M Deninno
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
| | - S Di Domizio
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - M L Di Vacri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - A Drobizhev
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Ejzak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Q Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - M Faverzani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - G Fernandes
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - E Ferri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - F Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - E Fiorini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - S J Freedman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B K Fujikawa
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Giachero
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - L Gironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A Giuliani
- Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), 91405 Orsay Campus, Orsay, France
| | - P Gorla
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - C Gotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - T D Gutierrez
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
| | - E E Haller
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Han
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K M Heeger
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - R Hennings-Yeomans
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - H Z Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R Kadel
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Keppel
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K E Lim
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y G Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - M Maino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Martinez
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear y Astroparticulas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - R H Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Mei
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Moggi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna I-47921, Italy
| | - S Morganti
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - S Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - C Nones
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/SPP, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E B Norman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Nucciotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - T O'Donnell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Orio
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - D Orlandi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - J L Ouellet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C E Pagliarone
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino I-03043, Italy
| | - M Pallavicini
- INFN-Sezione di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova I-16146, Italy
| | - V Palmieri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro (Padova) I-35020, Italy
| | - L Pattavina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - M Pavan
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - M Pedretti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Pessina
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | | | - G Piperno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - S Pirro
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - S Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - E Previtali
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Rosenfeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - C Rusconi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - E Sala
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - S Sangiorgio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Santone
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - N D Scielzo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Sisti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - A R Smith
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Tenconi
- Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), 91405 Orsay Campus, Orsay, France
| | - F Terranova
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Tomei
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - S Trentalange
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Ventura
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50125, Italy
| | - M Vignati
- INFN-Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - S L Wagaarachchi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B S Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H W Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - L Wielgus
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - L A Winslow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Wise
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano I-20126, Italy
| | - C Zarra
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila) I-67010, Italy
| | - G Q Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - B X Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Zucchelli
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna I-40127, Italy
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Corbett JP, Pandya SG, Mandru AO, Pak J, Kordesch ME, Smith AR. Note: advancement in tip etching for preparation of tunable size scanning tunneling microscopy tips. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:026104. [PMID: 25725897 DOI: 10.1063/1.4907706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The two aspects of a scanning tunneling microscopy tip, the macroscopic profile and the nanoscale apex, can be tailored by controlling the tension during electrochemical etching and the solution-electrode contact area via acetone vapor. The apex diameter is shown to be proportional to the square root of the tension, and is demonstrated over apex diameters of 150-500 nm. The apex was found to be created in four distinct shapes where a secondary etching can reshape the tip into a single geometry. Improvement in tip height and stability of the profile are demonstrated versus a non-acetone fabrication control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Corbett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S G Pandya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A-O Mandru
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J Pak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M E Kordesch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - A R Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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Smith AR, Ma K, Soares D, Carleton KL. Relative LWS cone opsin expression determines optomotor thresholds in Malawi cichlid fish. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 11:185-92. [PMID: 21992615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Associating quantitative genetic traits with quantitative behaviors is a relatively unexplored region of sensory neurobiology. The visual system is an ideal place to test models associating these levels of sensory perception. In this study, we reared cichlid fish from Lake Malawi in different ambient light environments. We then tested the visual sensitivities of these fish using the optomotor response (OMR) behavioral paradigm and measured the relative expression of cone opsin genes. We found that the light environment experienced by fish during development can alter gene expression, particularly as it applies to the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin gene. Also, fish from different rearing conditions exhibited different behavioral sensitivities. We combined these data with predictions of opsin pigment absorption by the different OMR stimuli to determine which cone types are most likely to influence the OMR behavior. While we hypothesized that this behavior would be controlled by a random-wiring model reflecting the expression of both medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) and LWS opsins, our models suggest that only the LWS pigment is required to predict behavior. Furthermore, analyses show that LWS expression variation accounts for ~20% of the observed behavioral variance. This work confirms that sensory gene expression influences behavior in a predictable fashion. It also suggests that the neural wiring of basal visual pathways in cichlid fish may differ from that observed in mammals and zebrafish, but is similar to that described in goldfish. This finding has important implications for the evolution of the magnocellular neural pathway in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Sieren JC, Smith AR, Thiesse J, Namati E, Hoffman EA, Kline JN, McLennan G. Exploration of the volumetric composition of human lung cancer nodules in correlated histopathology and computed tomography. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:61-8. [PMID: 21371772 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gaining a complete and comprehensive understanding of lung cancer nodule histological compositions and how these tissues are represented in radiological data is important not only for expanding the current knowledge base of cancer growth and development but also has potential implications for classification standards, radiological diagnosis methods and for the evaluation of treatment response. In this study we generate large scale histological segmentations of the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues within resected lung nodules. We have implemented a processing pipeline which allows for the direct correlation between histological data and spatially corresponding computed tomography data. Utilizing these correlated datasets we evaluated the statistical separation between Hounsfield Unit (HU) histogram values for each tissue type. The findings of this study revealed that lung cancer nodules contain a complex intermixing of cellular tissue types and that trends exist in the relationship between these tissue types. It was found that the mean Hounsfield Unit values for isolated lung cancer nodules imaged with computed tomography, had statistically significantly different values for non-solid bronchoalveolar carcinoma, solid cancerous tumor, blood, and inactive fibrotic stromal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sieren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Beck JC, Cao Q, Trotz B, Smith AR, Weigel BJ, Verneris MR, Burke MJ. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for children with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and early or late BM relapse. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:950-5. [PMID: 20856210 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Large registry studies have shown superior disease-free survival (DFS) with matched sibling donor (MSD) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) over chemotherapy alone for patients with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a late BM relapse. As most of these patients will not have an MSD, the decision to pursue an unrelated allo-HCT in second remission (CR2) or await a future relapse and perform HCT in third remission (CR3) continues to be debated. Between 1990 and 2006, 41 children with relapsed B-precursor ALL received a myeloablative allo-HCT at the University of Minnesota. Graft sources consisted of matched related donor (n=11), matched unrelated donor (n=9), and unrelated umbilical cord blood (n=21). Before allo-HCT, 15 patients had an early relapse (<36 months from diagnosis) and 26 had an initial late relapse (36 months from diagnosis). In all, 30 patients (73%) were in CR2 and 11 were in CR3 (27%) at time of allo-HCT. Five year OS/DFS were similar for patients with an early or late marrow relapse, but there was inferior DFS among late-relapse patients transplanted in CR3 compared with CR2 (30% vs 75%, P=0.04). These results suggest that allo-HCT should be pursued in children after a first marrow relapse, rather than waiting for subsequent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Beck
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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15
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Abstract
A mixed population, enriched and established in a defined medium, from a sewage sludge inoculum was capable of complete mineralization of 4-chlorobenzoate. An organism, identified as Arthrobacter sp., was isolated from the consortium and shown to be capable of utilizing 4-chlorobenzoate as the sole carbon and energy source in pure culture. This organism (strain TM-1), dehalogenated 4-chlorobenzoate as the initial step in the degradative pathway. The product, 4-hydroxybenzoate, was further metabolized via protocatechuate. The ability of strain TM-1 to degrade 4-chlorobenzoate in liquid medium at 25 degrees C was improved by the use of continuous culture and repeated sequential subculturing. Other chlorinated benzoates and the parent compound benzoate did not support growth of strain TM-1. An active cell extract was prepared and shown to dehalogenate 4-chloro-, 4-fluoro-, and 4-bromobenzoate. Dehalogenase activity had an optimum pH of 6.8 and an optimum temperature of 20 degrees C and was inhibited by dissolved oxygen and stimulated by manganese (Mn). Strain improvement resulted in an increase in the specific activity of the cell extract from 0.09 to 0.85 nmol of 4-hydroxybenzoate per min per mg of protein and a decrease in the doubling time of the organism from 50 to 1.6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Marks
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 OJG, and School of Biological Sciences and Environmental Health, Thames Polytechnic, London SE18 6PF, United Kingdom
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16
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Abstract
1. A cell-free system from Pseudomonas fluorescens catalysed the oxidative demethylation and subsequent ring-cleavage of vanillate, with uptake of 2.5 moles of oxygen/mole of substrate. 2. Demethylation involved absorption of 0.5 mole of oxygen/mole, and required reduced glutathione (GSH) and nucleotide (probably NADPH) as cofactors, with further possible requirements, the natures of which are discussed. 3. Incomplete evidence suggested that the aromatic ring was opened via protocatechuate and the appropriate oxygenase, with absorption of 1 mole of oxygen/mole of substrate, eventually yielding beta-oxoadipate. 4. The methyl group was removed sequentially as formaldehyde, formate and carbon dioxide, the steps catalysed respectively by formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which required GSH and NAD(+), and formate dehydrogenase. Each enzyme was cytochrome-linked and accounted for absorption of 0.5mole of oxygen/mole of substrate. 5. All enzymes except formate dehydrogenase, which was a cell-wall enzyme, resided in the soluble fraction of the extract. The demethylase could not be resolved because of unknown cofactor requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Cartwright
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, University of Birmingham
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17
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Sieren JC, Weydert J, Bell A, De Young B, Smith AR, Thiesse J, Namati E, McLennan G. An automated segmentation approach for highlighting the histological complexity of human lung cancer. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:3581-91. [PMID: 20571856 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer nodules, particularly adenocarcinoma, contain a complex intermixing of cellular tissue types: incorporating cancer cells, fibroblastic stromal tissue, and inactive fibrosis. Quantitative proportions and distributions of the various tissue types may be insightful for understanding lung cancer growth, classification, and prognostic factors. However, current methods of histological assessment are qualitative and provide limited opportunity to systematically evaluate the relevance of lung nodule cellular heterogeneity. In this study we present both a manual and an automatic method for segmentation of tissue types in histological sections of resected human lung cancer nodules. A specialized staining approach incorporating immunohistochemistry with a modified Masson's Trichrome counterstain was employed to maximize color contrast in the tissue samples for automated segmentation. The developed, clustering-based, fully automated segmentation approach segments complete lung nodule cross-sectional histology slides in less than 1 min, compared to manual segmentation which requires multiple hours to complete. We found the accuracy of the automated approach to be comparable to that of the manual segmentation with the added advantages of improved time efficiency, removal of susceptibility to human error, and 100% repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sieren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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18
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Jones GT, Beezer AE, Cosgrove RF, Smith AR. Rapid microbiological pH assay for the determination of cephradine in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 3:367-70. [PMID: 16867673 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(85)80045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/1985] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G T Jones
- Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, Merseyside, L46 1QW, UK
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19
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Firestone RB, West A, Kennett JP, Becker L, Bunch TE, Revay ZS, Schultz PH, Belgya T, Kennett DJ, Erlandson JM, Dickenson OJ, Goodyear AC, Harris RS, Howard GA, Kloosterman JB, Lechler P, Mayewski PA, Montgomery J, Poreda R, Darrah T, Hee SSQ, Smith AR, Stich A, Topping W, Wittke JH, Wolbach WS. Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:16016-21. [PMID: 17901202 PMCID: PMC1994902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706977104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbon-rich black layer, dating to approximately 12.9 ka, has been previously identified at approximately 50 Clovis-age sites across North America and appears contemporaneous with the abrupt onset of Younger Dryas (YD) cooling. The in situ bones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna, along with Clovis tool assemblages, occur below this black layer but not within or above it. Causes for the extinctions, YD cooling, and termination of Clovis culture have long been controversial. In this paper, we provide evidence for an extraterrestrial (ET) impact event at approximately equal 12.9 ka, which we hypothesize caused abrupt environmental changes that contributed to YD cooling, major ecological reorganization, broad-scale extinctions, and rapid human behavioral shifts at the end of the Clovis Period. Clovis-age sites in North American are overlain by a thin, discrete layer with varying peak abundances of (i) magnetic grains with iridium, (ii) magnetic microspherules, (iii) charcoal, (iv) soot, (v) carbon spherules, (vi) glass-like carbon containing nanodiamonds, and (vii) fullerenes with ET helium, all of which are evidence for an ET impact and associated biomass burning at approximately 12.9 ka. This layer also extends throughout at least 15 Carolina Bays, which are unique, elliptical depressions, oriented to the northwest across the Atlantic Coastal Plain. We propose that one or more large, low-density ET objects exploded over northern North America, partially destabilizing the Laurentide Ice Sheet and triggering YD cooling. The shock wave, thermal pulse, and event-related environmental effects (e.g., extensive biomass burning and food limitations) contributed to end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and adaptive shifts among PaleoAmericans in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Firestone
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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20
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Arnaboldi C, Artusa DR, Avignone FT, Balata M, Bandac I, Barucci M, Beeman JW, Brofferio C, Bucci C, Capelli S, Carbone L, Cebrian S, Cremonesi O, Creswick RJ, de Waard A, Farach HA, Fiorini E, Frossati G, Guardincerri E, Giuliani A, Gorla P, Haller EE, McDonald RJ, Morales A, Norman EB, Nucciotti A, Olivieri E, Pallavicini M, Palmieri E, Pasca E, Pavan M, Pedretti M, Pessina G, Pirro S, Previtali E, Risegari L, Rosenfeld C, Sangiorgio S, Sisti M, Smith AR, Torres L, Ventura G. New limit on the neutrinoless betabeta decay of 130Te. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:142501. [PMID: 16241648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the present results of CUORICINO, a search for neutrinoless double-beta (0nu betabeta) decay of 130Te. The detector is an array of 62 TeO2 bolometers with a total active mass of 40.7 kg. The array is cooled by a dilution refrigerator shielded from environmental radioactivity and energetic neutrons, operated at approximately 8 mK in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory. No evidence for (0nu betabeta) decay was found and a new lower limit, T(1/2)(0nu) > or = 1.8 x 10(24) yr (90% C.L.) is set, corresponding to [m(nu)] < or = 0.2 to 1.1 eV, depending on the theoretical nuclear matrix elements used in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca e Sezione di Milano dell'INFN, Milan I-20126, Italy
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21
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Bues M, Newhauser WD, Titt U, Smith AR. Therapeutic step and shoot proton beam spot-scanning with a multi-leaf collimator: a Monte Carlo study. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2005; 115:164-9. [PMID: 16381706 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In step and shoot spot-scanning, a small-diameter proton beam is magnetically swept and varied in energy in order to cover the tumour. Initial estimates of the beam size indicate that additional collimating hardware will be needed for lower energy proton beams in order to achieve a clinically acceptable lateral dose falloff at the edge of the proton beam. In this report, we present dosimetric data from Monte Carlo simulations with a model of a simple multileaf collimator which indicate that such a device may be used to improve the lateral dose falloff. The dosimetric quantities relevant to the clinical usefulness of the device are studied, including lateral penumbra, leaf transmission and scalloping effect. Multileaf collimation is compared with a differential spot-weighting technique of sharpening the lateral dose falloff.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bues
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Physics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 94, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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22
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Smith AR, Hagen TM. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in aging: loss of Akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and partial restoration by (R)-alpha-lipoic acid. Biochem Soc Trans 2004; 31:1447-9. [PMID: 14641086 DOI: 10.1042/bst0311447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which in turn are the leading cause of death of individuals over the age of 65 years. In part, this risk is due to a profound loss of vasomotor function of the major conduit arteries, primarily because of lower levels of endothelial-derived nitric oxide. The mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction are not entirely understood, but age-related alterations in eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity appear to be a likely source of the aging lesion. However, age-related changes in cell signalling that ultimately affect eNOS phosphorylation and its activity have not been explored. Results in our laboratory indicate that levels of eNOS phosphorylation in aortas from aged F344xBN rats (28-30 months old) are almost 50% lower than in aortas from young animals (3 months old). Lower eNOS phosphorylation is directly attributable to loss of constitutive Akt/protein kinase B activity. The decline in eNOS phosphorylation can be partially restored by treating old rats with (R)-alpha-lipoic acid. These results thus suggest that age-related changes in eNOS phosphorylation may be a significant factor in the overall loss of vasomotor function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
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23
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Abstract
alpha-Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, has long been known as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial bioenergetic enzymes. Aside from its enzymatic role, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that LA also acts as a powerful micronutrient with diverse pharmacologic and antioxidant properties. Pharmacologically, LA improves glycemic control, polyneuropathies associated with diabetes mellitus, and effectively mitigates toxicities associated with heavy metal poisoning. As an antioxidant, LA directly terminates free radicals, chelates transition metal ions (e.g. iron and copper), increases cytosolic glutathione and vitamin C levels and prevents toxicities associated with their loss. These diverse actions suggest that LA acts by multiple mechanisms both physiologically and pharmacologically, many of which are only now being explored. Herein, we review the known biochemical properties of LA with particular reference to how LA may be an effective agent to ameliorate certain pathophysiologies of many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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24
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Novikova GV, Moshkov IE, Smith AR, Hall MA. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase is a possible component of the ethylene signal transduction pathway. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2003; 68:1342-8. [PMID: 14756631 DOI: 10.1023/b:biry.0000011656.90378.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In etiolated seedlings of Pisum sativum and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, in vivo ethylene treatment resulted in an increase in in vitro phosphorylation of 17 kD (P. sativum) or 16 and 17 kD (A. thaliana) polypeptides. These polypeptides were identified as nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) based on both biochemical properties and interaction with antibodies against NDPK from P. sativum. Using the receptor-directed antagonist of ethylene action 2,5-norbornadiene and the ethylene-insensitive mutants of A. thaliana etr1-1 and eti5, ethylene specificity and receptor dependence of NDPK phosphorylation have been demonstrated. In pea epicotyls, ethylene treatment also led to increase in nucleoside transferase activity unlike in A. thaliana leaves. The increases in nucleoside transferase activity and NDPK phosphorylation were very rapid and transient. The results suggest a role for NDPK as a possible component of the ethylene signal transduction chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Novikova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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25
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Ranker TA, Geiger JMO, Kennedy SC, Smith AR, Haufler CH, Parris BS. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the endemic Hawaiian genus Adenophorus (Grammitidaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2003; 26:337-47. [PMID: 12644395 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of the phylogeny of several groups of native Hawaiian vascular plants have led to significant insights into the origin and evolution of important elements of the Hawaiian flora. No groups of Hawaiian pteridophytes have been subjected previously to rigorous phylogenetic analysis. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the endemic Hawaiian fern genus Adenophorus employing DNA sequence variation from three cpDNA fragments: rbcL, atpbeta, and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (IGS). In the phylogenetic analyses we employed maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Bayesian phylogenetic inference often provided stronger support for hypothetical relationships than did nonparametric bootstrap analyses. Although phylogenetic analyses of individual DNA fragments resulted in different patterns of relationships among species and varying levels of support for various clades, a combined analysis of all three sets of sequences produced one, strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis. The primary features of that hypothesis are: (1) Adenophorus is monophyletic; (2) subgenus Oligadenus is paraphyletic; (3) the enigmatic endemic Hawaiian species Grammitis tenella is strongly supported as the sister taxon to Adenophorus; (4) highly divided leaf blades are evolutionarily derived in the group and simple leaves are ancestral; and, (5) the biogeographical origin of the common ancestor of the Adenophorus-G. tenella clade remains unresolved, although a neotropical origin seems most likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ranker
- University Museum and Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, 265 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0265, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The Massachusetts General Hospital, the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory (HCL), and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary have treated almost 3000 patients with ocular disease using high-energy external-beam proton radiation therapy since 1975. The absorbed dose standard for ocular proton therapy beams at HCL was based on a fluence measurement with a Faraday cup (FC). A majority of proton therapy centers worldwide, however, use an absorbed dose standard that is based on an ionization chamber (IC) technique. The ion chamber calibration is deduced from a measurement in a reference 60Co photon field together with a calculated correction factor that takes into account differences in a chamber's response in 60Co and proton fields. In this work, we implemented an ionization chamber-based absolute dosimetry system for the HCL ocular beamline based on the recommendations given in Report 59 by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. Comparative measurements revealed that the FC system yields an absorbed dose to water value that is 1.1% higher than was obtained with the IC system. That difference is small compared with the experimental uncertainties and is clinically insignificant. In June of 1998, we adopted the IC-based method as our standard practice for the ocular beam.
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27
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Ahmad QR, Allen RC, Andersen TC, Anglin JD, Barton JC, Beier EW, Bercovitch M, Bigu J, Biller SD, Black RA, Blevis I, Boardman RJ, Boger J, Bonvin E, Boulay MG, Bowler MG, Bowles TJ, Brice SJ, Browne MC, Bullard TV, Bühler G, Cameron J, Chan YD, Chen HH, Chen M, Chen X, Cleveland BT, Clifford ETH, Cowan JHM, Cowen DF, Cox GA, Dai X, Dalnoki-Veress F, Davidson WF, Doe PJ, Doucas G, Dragowsky MR, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Dunmore JA, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Ferraris AP, Ford RJ, Formaggio JA, Fowler MM, Frame K, Frank ED, Frati W, Gagnon N, Germani JV, Gil S, Graham K, Grant DR, Hahn RL, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamer AS, Hamian AA, Handler WB, Haq RU, Hargrove CK, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Hepburn JD, Heron H, Hewett J, Hime A, Howe M, Hykawy JG, Isaac MCP, Jagam P, Jelley NA, Jillings C, Jonkmans G, Kazkaz K, Keener PT, Klein JR, Knox AB, Komar RJ, Kouzes R, Kutter T, Kyba CCM, Law J, Lawson IT, Lay M, Lee HW, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Levine I, Locke W, Luoma S, Lyon J, Majerus S, Mak HB, Maneira J, Manor J, Marino AD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McDonald DS, McFarlane K, McGregor G, Meijer Drees R, Mifflin C, Miller GG, Milton G, Moffat BA, Moorhead M, Nally CW, Neubauer MS, Newcomer FM, Ng HS, Noble AJ, Norman EB, Novikov VM, O'Neill M, Okada CE, Ollerhead RW, Omori M, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Poon AWP, Radcliffe TJ, Roberge A, Robertson BC, Robertson RGH, Rosendahl SSE, Rowley JK, Rusu VL, Saettler E, Schaffer KK, Schwendener MH, Schülke A, Seifert H, Shatkay M, Simpson JJ, Sims CJ, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith AR, Smith MWE, Spreitzer T, Starinsky N, Steiger TD, Stokstad RG, Stonehill LC, Storey RS, Sur B, Tafirout R, Tagg N, Tanner NW, Taplin RK, Thorman M, Thornewell PM, Trent PT, Tserkovnyak YI, Van Berg R, Van de Water RG, Virtue CJ, Waltham CE, Wang JX, Wark DL, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson JR, Wittich P, Wouters JM, Yeh M. Measurement of day and night neutrino energy spectra at SNO and constraints on neutrino mixing parameters. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:011302. [PMID: 12097026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has measured day and night solar neutrino energy spectra and rates. For charged current events, assuming an undistorted 8B spectrum, the night minus day rate is 14.0%+/-6.3%(+1.5%)(-1.4%) of the average rate. If the total flux of active neutrinos is additionally constrained to have no asymmetry, the nu(e) asymmetry is found to be 7.0%+/-4.9%(+1.3%)(-1.2%). A global solar neutrino analysis in terms of matter-enhanced oscillations of two active flavors strongly favors the large mixing angle solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Ahmad
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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28
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Ahmad QR, Allen RC, Andersen TC, D Anglin J, Barton JC, Beier EW, Bercovitch M, Bigu J, Biller SD, Black RA, Blevis I, Boardman RJ, Boger J, Bonvin E, Boulay MG, Bowler MG, Bowles TJ, Brice SJ, Browne MC, Bullard TV, Bühler G, Cameron J, Chan YD, Chen HH, Chen M, Chen X, Cleveland BT, Clifford ETH, Cowan JHM, Cowen DF, Cox GA, Dai X, Dalnoki-Veress F, Davidson WF, Doe PJ, Doucas G, Dragowsky MR, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Dunmore JA, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Ferraris AP, Ford RJ, Formaggio JA, Fowler MM, Frame K, Frank ED, Frati W, Gagnon N, Germani JV, Gil S, Graham K, Grant DR, Hahn RL, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamer AS, Hamian AA, Handler WB, Haq RU, Hargrove CK, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Hepburn JD, Heron H, Hewett J, Hime A, Howe M, Hykawy JG, Isaac MCP, Jagam P, Jelley NA, Jillings C, Jonkmans G, Kazkaz K, Keener PT, Klein JR, Knox AB, Komar RJ, Kouzes R, Kutter T, Kyba CCM, Law J, Lawson IT, Lay M, Lee HW, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Levine I, Locke W, Luoma S, Lyon J, Majerus S, Mak HB, Maneira J, Manor J, Marino AD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McDonald DS, McFarlane K, McGregor G, Meijer Drees R, Mifflin C, Miller GG, Milton G, Moffat BA, Moorhead M, Nally CW, Neubauer MS, Newcomer FM, Ng HS, Noble AJ, Norman EB, Novikov VM, O'Neill M, Okada CE, Ollerhead RW, Omori M, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Poon AWP, Radcliffe TJ, Roberge A, Robertson BC, Robertson RGH, Rosendahl SSE, Rowley JK, Rusu VL, Saettler E, Schaffer KK, Schwendener MH, Schülke A, Seifert H, Shatkay M, Simpson JJ, Sims CJ, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith AR, Smith MWE, Spreitzer T, Starinsky N, Steiger TD, Stokstad RG, Stonehill LC, Storey RS, Sur B, Tafirout R, Tagg N, Tanner NW, Taplin RK, Thorman M, Thornewell PM, Trent PT, Tserkovnyak YI, Van Berg R, Van de Water RG, Virtue CJ, Waltham CE, Wang JX, Wark DL, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson JR, Wittich P, Wouters JM, Yeh M. Direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation from neutral-current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:011301. [PMID: 12097025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the nu(e) component of the 8B solar flux is phis(e) = 1.76(+0.05)(-0.05)(stat)(+0.09)(-0.09)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-nu(e) component is phi(mu)(tau) = 3.41(+0.45)(-0.45)(stat)(+0.48)(-0.45)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), 5.3sigma greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is phi(NC) = 5.09(+0.44)(-0.43)(stat)(+0.46)(-0.43)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), consistent with solar models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Ahmad
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Donahue RJ, Smith AR, Thomas RH, Zeman GH. A reappraisal of the reported dose equivalents at the boundary of the University of California Radiation Laboratory during the early days of Bevatron operation. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2002; 98:269-282. [PMID: 12018744 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Bevatron of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory operated with no permanent shielding-roof from 1954 to 1962. Neutron fluences measured at the laboratory perimeter reached a maximum in 1959, and were reported as an annual dose equivalent of 8.1 mSv (54% of the then operative radiation limit). The addition of temporary local shielding and improved operational techniques subsequently led to a steady decline in dose equivalent at the laboratory perimeter. A permanent concrete shielding-roof was constructed in 1962. In those early years of operation the reported dose equivalent, H, was derived from a measured total neutron fluence, phi, and an estimated spectrum-weighted fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficient, (g), where H= (g) phi. The uncertainty in H was almost entirely due to the uncertainty in (g). While the measurements of phi were accurate the estimates of (g) were quite crude and depended upon measurements of average neutron energy, on assumptions about the shape of the neutron energy spectrum, and primitive values of fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficients for monoenergetic neutrons. These early reported dose equivalents were known to be overestimated. This paper has reappraised the dose equivalents in the light of better information now available. Environmental neutron spectra have been calculated which more accurately correspond to the operational conditions of the Bevatron in the 1950s and early 1960s. than did those spectra available at that time. A new fluence to dose equivalent conversion function based on the latest data and for isotropic irradiation geometry was developed. From these two parameters better estimates of the coefficient (g) were determined and compared with the earlier values. From this reappraisal it is shown that the early reported dose equivalents were conservative by a factor of at least five.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Donahue
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
Laparoscopic urogynaecology started to develop following the first report of a laparoscopic colposuspension in 1991. The place of laparoscopic treatment of urinary incontinence has yet to be established and, as for all new techniques, case reports, case series and small randomized studies have been reported. Larger randomized studies with adequate power have yet to be reported. Current opinion is divided as to the success of these new operations. Assessment of outcome is further clouded by large variations in technique, such that like is not always compared with like. The present review assesses the recent literature and the place of the traditional colposuspension performed via the laparoscopic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cutner
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital, London, UK.
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Brody BL, Gamst AC, Williams RA, Smith AR, Lau PW, Dolnak D, Rapaport MH, Kaplan RM, Brown SI. Depression, visual acuity, comorbidity, and disability associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1893-900; discussion 1900-1. [PMID: 11581068 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine (1) the prevalence of depressive disorders in community-dwelling adults with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and (2) the relationship in this population between depression, visual acuity, the number of comorbid medical conditions, disability caused by vision loss as measured by the National Eye Institute-Vision Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) and the vision-specific Sickness Impact Profile (SIPV), and disability caused by overall health status as measured by the Sickness Impact Profile-68 (SIP). DESIGN Analysis of cross-sectional baseline data from a randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 151 adults aged 60 and older (mean age, 80 years) with advanced macular degeneration whose vision was 20/60 or worse in their better eye. METHODS Subjects were interviewed using measures of depression, disability, and chronic medical conditions. Visual acuity was obtained. Nonparametric correlation analyses and linear regression analyses were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), NEI-VFQ, SIPV, and SIP. RESULTS Of the participants, 32.5% (n = 49) met SCID-IV criteria for depressive disorder, twice the rate observed in previous studies of community-dwelling elderly. Over and above depression (GDS), visual acuity aided in prediction of the level of vision-specific disability (NEI-VFQ and SIPV). CONCLUSIONS Depressive disorder is a significant problem for the elderly afflicted with advanced macular degeneration. Further research on psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions for depressed AMD patients is warranted to improve depression and enhance functioning. Over and above depression, visual acuity aided in predicting vision-specific disability. Treatment strategies that teach patients to cope with vision loss should be developed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Brody
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0946, USA
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Ahmad QR, Allen RC, Andersen TC, Anglin JD, Bühler G, Barton JC, Beier EW, Bercovitch M, Bigu J, Biller S, Black RA, Blevis I, Boardman RJ, Boger J, Bonvin E, Boulay MG, Bowler MG, Bowles TJ, Brice SJ, Browne MC, Bullard TV, Burritt TH, Cameron K, Cameron J, Chan YD, Chen M, Chen HH, Chen X, Chon MC, Cleveland BT, Clifford ET, Cowan JH, Cowen DF, Cox GA, Dai Y, Dai X, Dalnoki-Veress F, Davidson WF, Doe PJ, Doucas G, Dragowsky MR, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunmore J, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Ferraris AP, Ford RJ, Fowler MM, Frame K, Frank ED, Frati W, Germani JV, Gil S, Goldschmidt A, Grant DR, Hahn RL, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamer A, Hamian AA, Haq RU, Hargrove CK, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heaton R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Hepburn JD, Heron H, Hewett J, Hime A, Howe M, Hykawy JG, Isaac MC, Jagam P, Jelley NA, Jillings C, Jonkmans G, Karn J, Keener PT, Kirch K, Klein JR, Knox AB, Komar RJ, Kouzes R, Kutter T, Kyba CC, Law J, Lawson IT, Lay M, Lee HW, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Levine I, Locke W, Lowry MM, Luoma S, Lyon J, Majerus S, Mak HB, Marino AD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McDonald DS, McFarlane K, McGregor G, McLatchie W, Meijer Drees R, Mes H, Mifflin C, Miller GG, Milton G, Moffat BA, Moorhead M, Nally CW, Neubauer MS, Newcomer FM, Ng HS, Noble AJ, Norman EB, Novikov VM, O'Neill M, Okada CE, Ollerhead RW, Omori M, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Poon AW, Radcliffe TJ, Roberge A, Robertson BC, Robertson RG, Rowley JK, Rusu VL, Saettler E, Schaffer KK, Schuelke A, Schwendener MH, Seifert H, Shatkay M, Simpson JJ, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith AR, Smith MW, Starinsky N, Steiger TD, Stokstad RG, Storey RS, Sur B, Tafirout R, Tagg N, Tanner NW, Taplin RK, Thorman M, Thornewell P, Trent PT, Tserkovnyak YI, Van Berg R, Van de Water RG, Virtue CJ, Waltham CE, Wang JX, Wark DL, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson J, Wittich P, Wouters JM, Yeh M. Measurement of the rate of nu(e) + d --> p + p + e(-) interactions produced by (8)B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:071301. [PMID: 11497878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Solar neutrinos from (8)B decay have been detected at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory via the charged current (CC) reaction on deuterium and the elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. The flux of nu(e)'s is measured by the CC reaction rate to be straight phi(CC)(nu(e)) = 1.75 +/- 0.07(stat)(+0.12)(-0.11)(syst) +/- 0.05(theor) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1). Comparison of straight phi(CC)(nu(e)) to the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration's precision value of the flux inferred from the ES reaction yields a 3.3 sigma difference, assuming the systematic uncertainties are normally distributed, providing evidence of an active non- nu(e) component in the solar flux. The total flux of active 8B neutrinos is determined to be 5.44+/-0.99 x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Ahmad
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Wiechmann AF, Smith AR. Melatonin receptor RNA is expressed in photoreceptors and displays a diurnal rhythm in Xenopus retina. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 91:104-11. [PMID: 11457497 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an output signal of an endogenous circadian clock of retinal photoreceptors, with highest levels occurring at night. Melatonin synthesized in the retina appears to act as a paracrine signal by binding to specific receptors in the eye. We have previously demonstrated that RNA encoding the Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) melatonin receptor subtypes is expressed in the Xenopus laevis retina. The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) receptor subtype RNA expression in the retina, and to determine if the level of expression of these receptors exhibits a diurnal rhythm. Sections of frog neural retina were analyzed by in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled Xenopus Mel(1c) and Mel(1b) riboprobes. Hybridization was present in cells of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. Moreover, there was hybridization in the photoreceptors, which has not been previously reported. To test the hypothesis that retinal melatonin receptor mRNA undergoes a diurnal rhythm of expression, total RNA was isolated from frog neural retinas obtained at 3-h intervals during a 24-h period. The total RNA was used in real-time PCR assays to quantify the differences in Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) receptor mRNA expression at various circadian times. Both the Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) receptor RNA demonstrated a diurnal rhythm of expression, with peak levels occurring late in the light period, and lowest levels late in the dark period. These results support the hypothesis that RNA encoding melatonin receptors undergo a diurnal rhythm of expression. To further investigate the possible expression of the Mel(1a) receptor subtype in Xenopus retina, we generated Mel(1a) PCR products in genomic DNA, and in reverse-transcribed neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) RNA. The identity of the PCR product was confirmed by sequencing. Therefore, all three known Xenopus melatonin receptor subtypes appear to be expressed in the neural retina and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Wiechmann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Post Office Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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Pryer KM, Smith AR, Hunt JS, Dubuisson JY. rbcL data reveal two monophyletic groups of filmy ferns (Filicopsida: Hymenophyllaceae). Am J Bot 2001; 88:1118-1130. [PMID: 11410477 DOI: 10.2307/2657095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The "filmy fern" family, Hymenophyllaceae, is traditionally partitioned into two principal genera, Trichomanes s.l. (sensu lato) and Hymenophyllum s.l., based upon sorus shape characters. This basic split in the family has been widely debated this past century and hence was evaluated here by using rbcL nucleotide sequence data in a phylogenetic study of 26 filmy ferns and nine outgroup taxa. Our results confirm the monophyly of the family and provide robust support for two monophyletic groups that correspond to the two classical genera. In addition, we show that some taxa of uncertain affinity, such as the monotypic genera Cardiomanes and Serpyllopsis, and at least one species of Microtrichomanes, are convincingly included within Hymenophyllum s.l. The tubular- or conical-based sorus that typifies Trichomanes s.l. and Cardiomanes, the most basal member of Hymenophyllum s.l., is a plesiomorphic character state for the family. Tubular-based sori occurring in other members of Hymenophyllum s.l. are most likely derived independently and more than one time. While rbcL data are able to provide a well-supported phylogenetic estimate within Trichomanes s.l., they are inadequate for resolving relationships within Hymenophyllum s.l., which will require data from additional sources. This disparity in resolution reflects differential rates of evolution for rbcL within Hymenophyllaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pryer
- Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 USA
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DeBellis AD, Pastor SD, Rihs G, Rodebaugh RK, Smith AR. Synthesis, structural characterization, and conformational bias in solution of a sterically congested pyrophosphite: experimental and computational evidence for restricted rotation about an sp3-sp3 P-O single bond. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:2156-60. [PMID: 11304161 DOI: 10.1021/ic001089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of the sterically congested pyrophosphite 6-[(2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)oxy]-2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin, 3, is described. In solution at room temperature, a single species was observed that was consistent with a pyrophosphite structure without any evidence for the tautomeric diphosphine monoxide. Below the coalescence temperature (T(C)), 0 degrees C, three atropisomers were observed with relative absolute configurations of (R,R,R), (R,S,R), and (R,R,S). Ring inversion of the seven-membered rings below the T(C) is slow on the NMR time scale, which leads to observable diastereoisomerism because of the presence of two independent stereoaxes (sp2-sp2 C-C single bond connecting the two aryl rings). Additionally, a rotation about an exocyclic P-O single bond connecting the two seven-membered rings, which constitutes a third stereoaxis, is slowed on the NMR time scale. In the X-ray crystal structure of 3, the solid-state conformation was found to be the same as the major conformation in solution below the T(C), namely, the (R,R,S) atropisomer. The results of a conformational search, performed with a specifically parametrized AMBER force field, were in agreement with the 31P NMR assignment of the major (R,R,S) atropisomer, which was found to be an energy minimum. Additionally, we could independently assign the relative configuration of the minor isomers based on the calculated results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D DeBellis
- Additives Division Research Department, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, 540 White Plains Road, P.O. Box 2005, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
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Radford JA, Lieberman BA, Brison DR, Smith AR, Critchlow JD, Russell SA, Watson AJ, Clayton JA, Harris M, Gosden RG, Shalet SM. Orthotopic reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortical strips after high-dose chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lancet 2001; 357:1172-5. [PMID: 11323045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a common late effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and has a substantial effect on the quality of life for young survivors of cancer. For men, semen cryopreservation is a simple way of preserving reproductive potential but for women, storage of mature eggs rarely proves successful, and the alternative-immediate in vitro fertilisation with cryopreservation of embryos-is not always appropriate. Reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue has been shown to restore natural fertility in animals. We applied this technique in a woman who had received sterilising chemotherapy for lymphoma. METHODS A 36-year-old woman underwent a right oophorectomy with cryopreservation of ovarian cortical strips before receiving high-dose CBV chemotherapy for a third recurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma. 19 months later, when serum sex steroid analysis confimed a postmenopausal state, two ovarian cortical strips were thawed and reimplanted-one onto the left ovary and another at the site of the right ovary. FINDINGS 7 months after reimplantation of ovarian cortical strips, the patient reported resolution of hot flashes and, for the first time, oestradiol was detected in the serum. This finding was associated with a decrease in the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone, and ultrasonography revealed a 10 mm thick endometrium, a poorly visualised left ovary, and a 2 cm diameter follicular structure to the right of the midline. The patient had one menstrual period, but by 9 months after the implantation, her sex steroid concentrations had returned to those seen with ovarian failure. INTERPRETATION Orthotopic reimplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian cortical strips is a well tolerated technique for restoring ovarian function in women treated with sterilising chemotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Radford
- Cancer Research Campaign Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
This is a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients with urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence, admitted in 1995 and early 1996 for bladder retraining in the form of timed voiding. At discharge 80% of the women were subjectively cured or satisfactorily improved, but this was significantly reduced to 32% of the 37 who replied to a postal survey between 12 and 29 months (mean interval 21.3 months) later. There were no significant associations between outcome and urodynamic diagnosis, reduced cystometric capacity, length of symptomatology, previous treatment or requirement for additional therapy, but this may have been in part due to small numbers. In conclusion, bladder retraining is a method of treatment for patients with both sensory urgency and detrusor instability which appears to be at least as successful as other modes of treatment for these conditions.
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Siegel JP, Smith AR, Novak RJ. Recovery of commercially produced Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus from tires and prevalence of bacilli in artificial and natural containers. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2001; 17:33-41. [PMID: 11345416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We conducted surveys to identify the species of spore-forming bacteria present in natural and artificial containers. Most of our samples came from Illinois. Identification was based on the cellular fatty acid composition of the bacterial cell wall. In addition, we utilized a custom database for commercially produced strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and B. sphaericus, to differentiate between larvicidal isolates with commercial or native origin. Native Bti was present at low levels in almost all habitats but was not recovered from bromeliads and metal containers. In temporary woodland pools, 27.9% of the colonies recovered were native Bti. We did not recover larvicidal B. sphaericus in untreated habitats. VectoBac and VectoLex were applied to tires containing water and the tires were sampled 3 months and 9 months after treatment. Isolates of Bti and B. sphaericus with commercial origin were recovered as long as 9 months after application. We noticed numerous cadavers of Aedes triseriatus in several tires 9 months after treatment with VectoBac. We could not determine if this mortality resulted from recycling of Bti in these tires or whether insecticidal crystal proteins from the original treatment were resuspended. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis isolates with commercial ancestry were recovered from untreated tires 9 months after application. Isolates of larvicidal B. sphaericus that differed from the bacteria in VectoLex were also recovered from untreated tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Siegel
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Campaign 61820, USA
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Abstract
Current progress on the mechanisms of ethylene signal perception and transduction are reviewed with an emphasis on reconciling data from molecular genetics and from biochemical approaches. It is proposed that there exist two or more interacting transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hall
- Insititute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK.
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Pryer KM, Schneider H, Smith AR, Cranfill R, Wolf PG, Hunt JS, Sipes SD. Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. Nature 2001; 409:618-22. [PMID: 11214320 DOI: 10.1038/35054555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most of the 470-million-year history of plants on land belongs to bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms, which eventually yielded to the ecological dominance by angiosperms 90 Myr ago. Our knowledge of angiosperm phylogeny, particularly the branching order of the earliest lineages, has recently been increased by the concurrence of multigene sequence analyses. However, reconstructing relationships for all the main lineages of vascular plants that diverged since the Devonian period has remained a challenge. Here we report phylogenetic analyses of combined data--from morphology and from four genes--for 35 representatives from all the main lineages of land plants. We show that there are three monophyletic groups of extant vascular plants: (1) lycophytes, (2) seed plants and (3) a clade including equisetophytes (horsetails), psilotophytes (whisk ferns) and all eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns. Our maximum-likelihood analysis shows unambiguously that horsetails and ferns together are the closest relatives to seed plants. This refutes the prevailing view that horsetails and ferns are transitional evolutionary grades between bryophytes and seed plants, and has important implications for our understanding of the development and evolution of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pryer
- Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.
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Poh R, Xia X, Bruce IJ, Smith AR. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenases from Burkholderia cepacia 2a and Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. Microbios 2001; 105:43-63. [PMID: 11368091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D)/alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) dioxygenase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from Burkholderia cepacia strain 2a, which utilizes 2,4-D as sole carbon source. The enzyme required ferrous ions, and was a homodimer composed of subunits having an Mr of approximately 32,000. The reaction catalysed consumed one mol each of 2,4-D, alpha-KG and dioxygen, with the production of one mol each of succinate, 2,4-dichlorophenol and glyoxylate. Maximum activity was exhibited at pH 7.8 and 25 degrees C, and reactivity was enhanced by the presence of ascorbate and cysteine. Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ were inhibitory, and chemical modification of the dioxygenase revealed that thiol groups were essential for activity. The enzyme was active towards other substituted phenoxyacetates, but reacted most rapidly with 2,4-D. The apparent Michaelis constants for 2,4-D and alpha-KG were 109 and 8.9 microM, respectively. The properties of this enzyme are compared with those of the 2,4-D/alpha-KG dioxygenase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, which exhibits a differing N-terminal amino-acid sequence, and a different temperature 'optimum', pH optimum, substrate specificity and sensitivity to thiol-binding reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poh
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, Great Britain
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Abstract
Protein kinase activity was studied in cytosolic extracts from leaves of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana, the ethylene-insensitive mutant, etr1, and the constitutive triple-response mutant, ctr1. Treatment of wild type with ethylene resulted in increased myelin basic protein (MBP) phosphorylation. In etr1, constitutive protein kinase activity was lower than in wild type, but in ctr1, activity was enhanced. A protein of M(r) approximately 47 kDa associated with MBP-phosphorylating activity was detected using in gel protein kinase assays and phosphorylation of this protein was promoted by ethylene treatment in wild type while activity in the mutants reflected that of MBP phosphorylation. Both MAPKinase (ERK 1) and phosphotyrosine antibodies immunoprecipitated MBP-phosphorylating activity and detected a polypeptide band at M(r) approximately 47 kDa. Immunoprecipitated MBP-phosphorylating activity was again much lower in etr1 compared to wild type but much higher in ctr1. Antibodies to phosphorylated MAPKinase recognised proteins at approximately 47 kDa and the signal was upregulated in response to ethylene. The data obtained suggest that the detected protein(s) is a MAPKinase and provide further evidence confirming that a MAPKinase cascade(s) is involved in ethylene signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Novikova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, SY23 3DA, Aberystwyth, UK
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Smith AR. Current trends in defibrillator development. Prof Nurse 2000; 15:521-4. [PMID: 12026765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
With the recent release of the National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Artery Disease, this article looks at defibrillator availability and training for acute- and primary-care providers. Well-equipped services (including ward areas, GP surgeries and ambulances) and personnel with appropriate skills in defibrillation are the key to the NSF for management of acute myocardial infarction.
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Smith AR, Silverman JF. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of unsuspected metastatic thyroid carcinoma initially presenting in bone: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 22:313-8. [PMID: 10790240 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(200005)22:5<313::aid-dc11>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a series of three cases of unsuspected thyroid carcinoma presenting as bony lesions and initially studied by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This series consists of two cases of follicular carcinoma and a third case of Hurthle cell carcinoma. FNA was performed on all three lesions. In two of these cases, a definitive diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma was made based on the FNA material. FNA smears of both follicular carcinomas displayed cohesive clusters of atypical round cells with nuclear overlapping and positive immunoperoxidase staining for thyroglobulin. The aspirates of the Hurthle cell carcinoma were composed of sheets and individually scattered oval oncocytic cells with prominent nucleoli. All three cases demonstrated the presence of marginal vacuoles consistent with "flame" cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first series discussing the cytologic features and differential diagnosis of unsuspected thyroid carcinoma initially presenting as metastatic bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ramachandran V, Lee CD, Feenstra RM, Smith AR, Greve DW. Comment on "Structures of GaN(0001)bf-(2x2), bf-(4x4), and bf-(5x5) surface reconstructions". Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:4014. [PMID: 11019263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Ramachandran
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Smith AR, Kirchhoff JR, Zhang Z, Tillekeratne LM, Hudson RA. Separation of the enzyme cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone and three isomeric analogues by capillary electrophoresis with ion-pairing media. J Chromatogr A 2000; 876:193-9. [PMID: 10823514 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was successfully separated from three closely related isomeric analogues by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Rapid and efficient separation of all four negatively charged isomers with baseline resolution was achieved by the addition of low concentrations (1-5 mM) of short chain tetraalkylammonium (TAA) salts to the capillary buffer. The TAA cations act as ion-pairing agents and promote differential migration of the isomers with only a minimal reduction in the electroosmotic flow. The effects of the TAA salt concentration and the alkyl chain length were examined. Detection limits of PQQ and its isomers were in the range of 7-15 microM with mass detection limits of 98-210 fmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Abstract
The growth in popularity of minimal access surgery in gynaecology has coincided with a reduction in the length of hospital stay. Patients need to be made aware of the potential for and symptoms and signs of complications to ensure that they seek help at an early stage. Clinicians need to be vigilant in the recognition of adverse events both intra- and post-operatively to minimize the risk of developing serious complications. The growth in litigation in minimal access surgery represents, in part, a failure of surgeons to adapt to the new demands of this type of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Urological Gynaecology, Saint Mary's Hospital for Women and Children, Manchester, UK
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Tarbell NJ, Smith AR, Adams J, Loeffler JS. The challenge of conformal radiotherapy in the curative treatment of medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46:265-6. [PMID: 10661330 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Pseudovascular adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma (PASCC) is an epithelial malignancy with spindle-cell features that can mimic vascular neoplasms, particularly angiosarcoma, in its morphologic characteristics. There have been only a few surgical pathology reports of PASCC arising in the lung, skin, and breast. We describe the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic and histologic features of a pulmonary PASCC in a 66-yr-old man. The aspiration yielded individually scattered and syncytial fragments of malignant epithelioid-appearing cells with oval to spindle shapes, prominent nucleoli, and a finely vacuolated amphophilic cytoplasm. The core needle biopsy specimen displayed these same cells lining pseudoluminal spaces, with intervening bundles of fibroconnective tissue simulating a vascular neoplasm. The neoplastic cells stained positively with cytokeratin (AE-1/3), epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin and were nonreactive with S-100, muscle-specific actin, CD31, CD34, and carcinoembryonic antigen. These cytologic, histologic, and immunocytochemical features supported a diagnosis of PASCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the FNA cytologic features of this pseudovascular variant of adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma. This FNA case illustrates that the cytologic impression was more accurate and, in fact, that the histologic features of PASCC can be misleading. The correct identification of PASCC and its distinction from angiosarcoma has important clinical ramifications for treatment and prognosis. FNA cytologic examination with ancillary studies is a minimally invasive procedure that can distinguish PASCC from sarcomatous lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:265-270.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Fewer than 40% of children in the crucial younger-than-4 age group are evaluated for visual problems by pediatricians. This is due to impracticality from either a clinical or practice efficiency standpoint. Current photoscreening methods require trained readers and suffer from significant subjectivity and interobserver variability. We report a cross-sectional, double-masked study using new digital imaging with objective, automated, computerized image analysis. METHODS Two-hundred six children aged 9 months to 16 years were prospectively studied in a University-based pediatric ophthalmology practice. Images were taken by volunteers with a modified digital camera which, when downloaded, were analyzed within 35 seconds by new image analysis software. The analysis was compared to a masked review of a complete pediatric ophthalmic exam. RESULTS Overall agreement between physician and the objective computerized analysis was 86.9%. Positive predictive value was 91%, sensitivity was 89%, and specificity was 83%. CONCLUSIONS This automated digital imaging screening system eliminates human bias and provides accurate and immediate results. The system requires no special expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Granet
- Ratner Children's Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA
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