1
|
Medina J, Borreggine R, Teav T, Gao L, Ji S, Carrard J, Jones C, Blomberg N, Jech M, Atkins A, Martins C, Schmidt-Trucksass A, Giera M, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J. Omic-Scale High-Throughput Quantitative LC-MS/MS Approach for Circulatory Lipid Phenotyping in Clinical Research. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3168-3179. [PMID: 36716250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid analysis at the molecular species level represents a valuable opportunity for clinical applications due to the essential roles that lipids play in metabolic health. However, a comprehensive and high-throughput lipid profiling remains challenging given the lipid structural complexity and exceptional diversity. Herein, we present an 'omic-scale targeted LC-MS/MS approach for the straightforward and high-throughput quantification of a broad panel of complex lipid species across 26 lipid (sub)classes. The workflow involves an automated single-step extraction with 2-propanol, followed by lipid analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in a dual-column setup coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with data acquisition in the timed-selective reaction monitoring mode (12 min total run time). The analysis pipeline consists of an initial screen of 1903 lipid species, followed by high-throughput quantification of robustly detected species. Lipid quantification is achieved by a single-point calibration with 75 isotopically labeled standards representative of different lipid classes, covering lipid species with diverse acyl/alkyl chain lengths and unsaturation degrees. When applied to human plasma, 795 lipid species were measured with median intra- and inter-day precisions of 8.5 and 10.9%, respectively, evaluated within a single and across multiple batches. The concentration ranges measured in NIST plasma were in accordance with the consensus intervals determined in previous ring-trials. Finally, to benchmark our workflow, we characterized NIST plasma materials with different clinical and ethnic backgrounds and analyzed a sub-set of sera (n = 81) from a clinically healthy elderly population. Our quantitative lipidomic platform allowed for a clear distinction between different NIST materials and revealed the sex-specificity of the serum lipidome, highlighting numerous statistically significant sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Medina
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Borreggine
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, Basel CH-4052, Switzerland
| | - Christina Jones
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jech
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Alan Atkins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Claudia Martins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksass
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, Basel CH-4052, Switzerland
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, Netherlands
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berman R, Dampier W, Atkins A, Allen A, Pirrone V, Passic S, Ahmed A, Szep Z, Nonnemacher M, Wigdahl B. PP 6.5 – 00205 Utilization of high-throughput assays and deep-learning for selection of CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA pairs used in an HIV-1 cure strategy. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
3
|
Scharf T, McDonald B, Atkins A. DEVELOPING A CIVIC EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR OLDER PEOPLE: LESSONS FROM IRELAND. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Scharf
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom,
| | - B. McDonald
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,
| | - A. Atkins
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sagheer S, Atkins A, McRae S. Successful use of tranexamic acid in the management of haemophilic pseudotumour. Haemophilia 2016; 22:e306-9. [PMID: 27291716 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sagheer
- Haematology Division, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Atkins
- Haematology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S McRae
- Haematology Division, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Haematology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shipov A, Zaslansky P, Riesemeier H, Segev G, Atkins A, Shahar R. Unremodeled endochondral bone is a major architectural component of the cortical bone of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Struct Biol 2013; 183:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Williams
- Department of Haematology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | - G. Antoniou
- Public Health Research Unit; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | - A. Jackson
- Department of Haematology; Women's and Children's Hospital; North Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | - A. Atkins
- Haemophilia Centre; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide; SA; Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammed H, D'Santos C, Serandour AA, Ali HR, Brown GD, Atkins A, Rueda OM, Holmes KA, Theodorou V, Robinson JLL, Zwart W, Saadi A, Ross-Innes CS, Chin SF, Menon S, Stingl J, Palmieri C, Caldas C, Carroll JS. Endogenous purification reveals GREB1 as a key estrogen receptor regulatory factor. Cell Rep 2013; 3:342-9. [PMID: 23403292 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ER) is the driving transcription factor in most breast cancers, and its associated proteins can influence drug response, but direct methods for identifying interacting proteins have been limited. We purified endogenous ER using an approach termed RIME (rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins) and discovered the interactome under agonist- and antagonist-liganded conditions in breast cancer cells, revealing transcriptional networks in breast cancer. The most estrogen-enriched ER interactor is GREB1, a potential clinical biomarker with no known function. GREB1 is shown to be a chromatin-bound ER coactivator and is essential for ER-mediated transcription, because it stabilizes interactions between ER and additional cofactors. We show a GREB1-ER interaction in three xenograft tumors, and using a directed protein-protein approach, we find GREB1-ER interactions in half of ER(+) primary breast cancers. This finding is supported by histological expression of GREB1, which shows that GREB1 is expressed in half of ER(+) cancers, and predicts good clinical outcome. These findings reveal an unexpected role for GREB1 as an estrogen-specific ER cofactor that is expressed in drug-sensitive contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mohammed
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pannee J, Portelius E, Oppermann M, Atkins A, Hornshaw M, Zegers I, Höjrup P, Minthon L, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Gobom J. A Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM)-Based Method for Absolute Quantification of Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:1021-32. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Zegers
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Joint Research Centre, European commission, Geel, Belgium
| | - Peter Höjrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pannee J, Gobom J, Opperman M, Atkins A, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Blennow K, Hansson O, Portelius E. O2‐03‐06: An LC‐MS/MS‐based method for quantification of beta‐amyloid‐1‐38, beta‐amyloid‐1‐40 and beta‐amyloid‐1‐42 in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's patients and healthy controls. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Pannee
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyMölndalSweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyMölndalSweden
| | | | - Alan Atkins
- Thermo ScientificHemel HempsteadUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyMölndalSweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Obesity, and in particular central adiposity, is a key feature of metabolic syndrome, which includes trends toward increased triglycerides, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and heart disease. It has a prevalence of 25% or more and is a dominant component of the health care budgets in Western societies. In addition to genetic causes, high-fat diets and disrupted sleep patterns have major influences on the development of metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have demonstrated active roles for the nuclear receptor superfamily and the energy-sensing kinase adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in regulating metabolism and circadian rhythm. In this chapter, we review these findings and attempt to develop a better understanding of the interplay between metabolism and circadian rhythm and their coordinated regulation by nuclear receptors and AMPK. This supraregulatory network may be considered a target for novel therapeutic applications against metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baker M, Atkins A, Grossman W, Seroogy C, Lindstrom M, Brokopp C, Routes J. T-cell Receptor Excision Circles of Newborns Are Associated with Gestational Age: Data from Wisconsin Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Atkins A, Bignal KL, Zhou JL, Cazier F. Profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from the combustion of biomass pellets. Chemosphere 2010; 78:1385-1392. [PMID: 20080282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was made into the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as inorganic gases (e.g. CO) from a wood fired combustion boiler using wood pellets, under two different boiler operating modes. Levels of total PAHs varied from 6.4 and 154 microg m(-3), and were found to be dominating in the gas phase (>80%), regardless of pellet type and boiler operating mode. In addition to this, PAH concentrations were higher in slumber mode than in full flame, and increased with the moisture content of pellets, consistent with the lower combustion efficiency in slumber mode (58.6-64.3%) than in full flame (74.4-82.3%). PAHs in the gas phase comprised mainly of low molecular mass compounds, while PAHs in the particulate phase were mostly composed of high molecular mass compounds, consistent with the physicochemical properties of such compounds. In comparison to PAHs, significantly lower concentrations of PCBs (a maximum of 2.5 microg m(-3)) were released from pellet combustion, consistent with the virgin nature of the pellets. The PCBs in both the gas and particulate phases were dominated by hexachlorinated congeners, although congeners with more chlorine substitution were more abundant in the particulate phase than in gas phase. Significant relationships were established between CO and organic pollutants, and between PAHs and PCBs, which are useful tools for prediction purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Atkins
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shah AJ, de la Flor R, Atkins A, Slone-Murphy J, Dawson LA. Development and application of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assay for measurement of N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate and glutamate in brain slice superfusates and tissue extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Jaensch M, Young IR, Besant C, Atkins A, Lamperth M. Development of the technical capabilities needed to build and position a prepolarization coil for a magnetic resonance imaging magnet. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2007; 221:185-94. [PMID: 17385572 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An experiment to show that a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet could be assembled around a patient, and used as part of a prepolarization system in which substantial transient forces are applied to parts of it, is described. The paper describes the circumstances that develop as a result of the application of the large transient fields used in this type of study, and outlines the reason for the tolerances that are permissible on the alignment of the system components. It then describes a test rig used to evaluate how the various problems might be overcome, and reports on the performance achieved with this rig. On the basis of this work, it appears that a system could be developed that would allow the application of these methods in clinical MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jaensch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Johnson KP, Colling E, Boudreau E, Atkins A, Zagar S, Steiner R. 457 OBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY IN CHILDREN WITH SMITH-LEMLI-OPITZ SYNDROME. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Williams B, Atkins A, Zhang H, Lu D, Jimenez X, Li H, Wang MN, Ludwig D, Balderes P, Witte L, Li Y, Zhu Z. Cell-based selection of internalizing fully human antagonistic antibodies directed against FLT3 for suppression of leukemia cell growth. Leukemia 2005; 19:1432-8. [PMID: 15931264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor is highly expressed in an array of hematological malignancies including approximately 90% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Ligand stimulation of the receptor promotes the survival and proliferation of leukemia cells. Strategies targeting FLT3 using monoclonal antibodies may therefore constitute an effective therapeutic approach for these leukemia. Towards this, we selected a naïve antibody phage display library on both recombinant FLT3 receptor protein and FLT3-expressing leukemia cells using a tailored selection scheme that was designed to isolate antagonistic phage antibodies that not only interfere with receptor/ligand binding but also trigger receptor internalization upon cell surface binding. Phage antibodies were screened first for their ability to bind to cell surface receptor and induce receptor internalization, followed by their activity in blocking ligand-receptor interaction and neutralizing ligand-stimulated receptor activation and cell proliferation. We identified three fully human antibodies, EB10, A2IN, and D4-3, which bound specifically to both soluble and cell surface-expressed FLT3. All three antibodies were shown to be internalized upon binding to cell surface-expressed receptor in a time-dependent fashion. EB10 and D4-3 blocked ligand binding to the receptor with IC(50)s of 14 and 7 nM, respectively. Further, EB10 and D4-3 inhibited FLT3 ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation and cell proliferation in EOL-1 leukemia cells. Taken together, these results suggest that both EB10 and D4-3 may represent excellent therapeutic candidates for the treatment of FLT3-expressing human leukemia, both as unmodified antibodies and as conjugates of cytotoxic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Williams
- Department of Antibody Technology, ImClone Systems Incorporated, New York, NY 10014, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gartlon J, Szekeres P, Pullen M, Sarau HM, Aiyar N, Shabon U, Michalovich D, Steplewski K, Ellis C, Elshourbagy N, Duxon M, Ashmeade TE, Harrison DC, Murdock P, Wilson S, Ennaceur A, Atkins A, Heidbreder C, Hagan JJ, Hunter AJ, Jones DNC. Localisation of NMU1R and NMU2R in human and rat central nervous system and effects of neuromedin-U following central administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 177:1-14. [PMID: 15205870 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-1918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2003] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neuromedin-U (NmU) is an agonist at NMU1R and NMU2R. The brain distribution of NmU and its receptors, in particular NMU2R, suggests widespread central roles for NmU. In agreement, centrally administered NmU affects feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and pituitary output. Further central nervous system (CNS) roles for NmU warrant investigation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the CNS role of NmU by mapping NMU1R and NMU2R mRNA and measuring the behavioural, endocrine, neurochemical and c-fos response to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) NmU. METHODS Binding affinity and functional potency of rat NmU was determined at human NMU1R and NMU2R. Expression of NMU1R and NMU2R mRNA in rat and human tissue was determined using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In in-vivo studies, NmU was administered i.c.v. to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and changes in grooming, motor activity and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were assessed. In further studies, plasma endocrine hormones, [DOPAC + HVA]/[dopamine] and [5-HIAA]/[5-HT] ratios and levels of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) were measured 20 min post-NmU (i.c.v.). RESULTS NmU bound to NMU1R ( K(I), 0.11+/-0.02 nM) and NMU2R ( K(I), 0.21+/-0.05 nM) with equal affinity and was equally active at NMU1R (EC(50), 1.25+/-0.05 nM) and NMU2R (EC(50), 1.10+/-0.20 nM) in a functional assay. NMU2R mRNA expression was found at the highest levels in the CNS regions of both rat and human tissues. NMU1R mRNA expression was restricted to the periphery of both species with the exception of the rat amygdala. NmU caused a marked increase in grooming and motor activity but did not affect PPI. Further, NmU decreased plasma prolactin but did not affect levels of corticosterone, luteinising hormone or thyroid stimulating hormone. NmU elevated levels of 5-HT in the frontal cortex and hypothalamus, with decreased levels of its metabolites in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, but did not affect dopamine function. NmU markedly increased FLI in the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex and central amygdala. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence for widespread roles for NmU and its receptors in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Gartlon
- Psychiatry Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline plc, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharpe IA, Gehrmann J, Loughnan ML, Thomas L, Adams DA, Atkins A, Palant E, Craik DJ, Adams DJ, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Two new classes of conopeptides inhibit the alpha1-adrenoceptor and noradrenaline transporter. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4:902-7. [PMID: 11528421 DOI: 10.1038/nn0901-902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cone snails use venom containing a cocktail of peptides ('conopeptides') to capture their prey. Many of these peptides also target mammalian receptors, often with exquisite selectivity. Here we report the discovery of two new classes of conopeptides. One class targets alpha1-adrenoceptors (rho-TIA from the fish-hunting Conus tulipa), and the second class targets the neuronal noradrenaline transporter (chi-MrIA and chi-MrIB from the mollusk-hunting C. marmoreus). rho-TIA and chi-MrIA selectively modulate these important membrane-bound proteins. Both peptides act as reversible non-competitive inhibitors and provide alternative avenues for the identification of inhibitor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Sharpe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heidbreder CA, Foxton R, Cilia J, Hughes ZA, Shah AJ, Atkins A, Hunter AJ, Hagan JJ, Jones DN. Increased responsiveness of dopamine to atypical, but not typical antipsychotics in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats reared in isolation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 156:338-51. [PMID: 11549234 DOI: 10.1007/s002130100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic hypofunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been associated with the aetiology of negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia, which are both alleviated by clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine. In rodents, early life exposure to stressful experiences such as social isolation produces a spectrum of symptoms emerging in adult life, which can be restored by antipsychotic drugs. The present series of experiments sought to investigate the effect of clozapine (5-10 mg/kg s.c.), olanzapine (5 mg/kg s.c.), and haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) on dopamine (DA) and amino acids in the prelimbic/infralimbic subregion of the mPFC in group- and isolation-reared rats. Rats reared in isolation showed significant and robust deficits in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle. In group-reared animals, both clozapine and olanzapine produced a significant increase in DA outflow in the mPFC. Isolation-reared rats showed a significant increase in responsiveness to both atypical antipsychotics compared with group-reared animals. In contrast, the administration of haloperidol failed to modify dialysate DA levels in mPFC in either group- or isolation-reared animals. The results also show a positive relationship between the potency of the tested antipsychotics to increase the release of DA in the mPFC and their respective affinities for 5-HT1A relative to DA D2 or D3 receptors. Finally, isolation-reared rats showed enhanced neurochemical responses to the highest dose of clozapine as indexed by alanine, aspartate, GABA, glutamine, glutamate, histidine, and tyrosine. The increased DA responsiveness to the atypical antipsychotic drugs clozapine and olanzapine may explain, at least in part, clozapine- and olanzapine-induced reversal of some of the major behavioral components of the social isolation syndrome, namely hyperactivity and attention deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Heidbreder
- Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery in Psychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- M K Kirkpatrick
- Adult Health Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Atkins A, Wyborn NR, Wallace AJ, Stillman TJ, Black LK, Fielding AB, Hisakado M, Artymiuk PJ, Green J. Structure-function relationships of a novel bacterial toxin, hemolysin E. The role of alpha G. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:41150-5. [PMID: 11006277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005420200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel pore-forming toxin hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, or SheA) consists of a long four-helix bundle with a subdomain (beta tongue) that interacts with target membranes at one pole and an additional helix (alpha(G)) that, with the four long helices, forms a five-helix bundle (tail domain) at the other pole. Random amino acid substitutions that impair hemolytic activity were clustered mostly, but not exclusively, within the tail domain, specifically amino acids within, adjacent to, or interacting with alpha(G). Deletion of amino acids downstream of alpha(G) did not affect activity, but deletions encompassing alpha(G) yielded insoluble and inactive proteins. In the periplasm Cys-285 (alpha(G)) is linked to Cys-87 (alpha(B)) of the four-helix bundle via an intramolecular disulfide. Oxidized HlyE did not form spontaneously in vitro but could be generated by addition of Cu(II) or mimicked by treatment with Hg(II) salts to yield inactive proteins. Such treatments did not affect binding to target membranes nor assembly into non-covalently linked octameric complexes once associated with a membrane. However, gel filtration analyses suggested that immobilizing alpha(G) inhibits oligomerization in solution. Thus once associated with a membrane, immobilizing alpha(G) inhibits HlyE activity at a late stage of pore formation, whereas in solution it prevents aggregation and consequent inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Atkins
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wallace AJ, Stillman TJ, Atkins A, Jamieson SJ, Bullough PA, Green J, Artymiuk PJ. E. coli hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, SheA): X-ray crystal structure of the toxin and observation of membrane pores by electron microscopy. Cell 2000; 100:265-76. [PMID: 10660049 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemolysin E (HlyE) is a novel pore-forming toxin of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella flexneri. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the water-soluble form of E. coli HlyE at 2.0 A resolution and the visualization of the lipid-associated form of the toxin in projection at low resolution by electron microscopy. The crystal structure reveals HlyE to be the first member of a new family of toxin structures, consisting of an elaborated helical bundle some 100 A long. The electron micrographs show how HlyE oligomerizes in the presence of lipid to form transmembrane pores. Taken together, the data from these two structural techniques allow us to propose a simple model for the structure of the pore and for membrane interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Wallace
- The Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davies L, Fulcher GR, Atkins A, Frumar K, Monaghan J, Stokes G, Clifton-Bligh P, McElduff A, Robinson B, Stiel J, Twigg S, Wilmshurst E. The relationship of prorenin values to microvascular complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 1999; 13:45-51. [PMID: 10232709 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8727(98)00020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between prorenin values and the microvascular complications of diabetes in a well controlled population of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects. One hundred and thirty-nine subjects (75 men, 64 women, age 44 +/- 17 years; duration of diabetes 19 +/- 15 years), formed the study group. Sixty-seven subjects (48.2%) had no complications, 55 (39.6%) had retinopathy alone, and 17 (12.2%) had retinopathy and albuminuria. Patients with no complications had lower prorenin values than those with microvascular complications (p < 0.001), whilst patients with both albuminuria and retinopathy had higher values than those with retinopathy alone (p < 0.05). Retinopathy was associated with duration of diabetes (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.02) and albuminuria (p < 0.0001) while albuminuria was associated with prorenin (p < 0.02), serum triglyceride (p < 0.01) and retinopathy (p < 0.001). Patients with albuminuria were 5.5 times more likely to have raised prorenin values (>80 ng/mL/h) than those with normal albumin excretion [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-20.12] and those with retinopathy alone were 2.5 times as likely (95% CI: 1.19-5.15). Eighty patients with IDDM (40 males, 40 females; age: 47 +/- 17 years; duration of diabetes: 20 +/- 15 years), had retinal photography performed to determine the association between the severity of retinopathy and prorenin values. Retinopathy was more severe in patients with retinopathy and albuminuria than in those with retinopathy alone (p < 0.002). When the prorenin values of patients with more marked retinopathy (eye grade greater than 3) were compared, prorenin values of those with retinopathy and albuminuria were greater than those of patients with retinopathy alone [269 (139-1406) versus 91 (41-273) ng/mL/h: geometric mean (range); p < 0.05]. Furthermore, when patients without albuminuria were considered, there was no significant difference between the prorenin levels of patients with more severe retinopathy (eye grade >3) when compared to patients with lesser degrees of retinopathy [91 (41-273) versus 69 (23-375). In patients with microvascular complications, prorenin values were independently predicted by albuminuria (p < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.02) but not the severity of retinopathy. In conclusion, prorenin values are significantly associated with the presence of microvascular complications in patients with IDDM. The association with albuminuria may be stronger than the association with retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Davies
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Loughnan M, Bond T, Atkins A, Cuevas J, Adams DJ, Broxton NM, Livett BG, Down JG, Jones A, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. alpha-conotoxin EpI, a novel sulfated peptide from Conus episcopatus that selectively targets neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:15667-74. [PMID: 9624161 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.25.15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized alpha-conotoxin EpI, a novel sulfated peptide from the venom of the molluscivorous snail, Conus episcopatus. The peptide was classified as an alpha-conotoxin based on sequence, disulfide connectivity, and pharmacological target. EpI has homology to sequences of previously described alpha-conotoxins, particularly PnIA, PnIB, and ImI. However, EpI differs from previously reported conotoxins in that it has a sulfotyrosine residue, identified by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. Native EpI was shown to coelute with synthetic EpI. The peptide sequence is consistent with most, but not all, recognized criteria for predicting tyrosine sulfation sites in proteins and peptides. The activities of synthetic EpI and its unsulfated analogue [Tyr15]EpI were similar. Both peptides caused competitive inhibition of nicotine action on bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors) but had no effect on the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm (muscle nicotinic ACh receptors). Both EpI and [Tyr15]EpI partly inhibited acetylcholine-evoked currents in isolated parasympathetic neurons of rat intracardiac ganglia. These results indicate that EpI and [Tyr15]EpI selectively inhibit alpha3beta2 and alpha3 beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Loughnan
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Queensland 4067, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have suggested that occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities do not use narrative reasoning in practice as much as they use procedural reasoning. This focus on procedural reasoning may be partially shaped by the occupational therapy educational process. The purpose of this analysis was to see whether one accredited occupational therapy curriculum was promoting narrative reasoning relative to its information on adult orthopedics. METHOD An accredited occupational therapy undergraduate and certificate curriculum was analyzed from both student and faculty perspectives to see what types of clinical reasoning were most emphasized relative to treatment of adults with orthopedic injuries. The student analysis, done by a senior as part of an independent study, looked at the clinical reasoning content of journal articles, an occupational therapy textbook, and occupational therapy lectures relative to adult orthopedic injuries. The faculty analysis, part of a curriculum revision process and independent of the student analysis, looked at the clinical reasoning content of all courses in the curriculum. RESULTS The student and faculty analyses concurred that although narrative reasoning is taught in this curriculum, narrative reasoning concepts are not well integrated into the adult physical dysfunction course that deals with adult orthopedic injuries. CONCLUSION Occupational therapy educators may not be integrating narrative reasoning into more procedurally oriented physical dysfunction courses as fully as possible and may, therefore, be fostering procedurally oriented practice in physical dysfunction settings. Curricula evaluations, like the one described in this article, can be a mechanism for examining the types of clinical reasoning emphasized in a given curriculum for a given diagnostic group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Neistadt
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824-3563, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jones A, Bingham JP, Gehrmann J, Bond T, Loughnan M, Atkins A, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Isolation and characterization of conopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1996; 10:138-143. [PMID: 8563013 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19960115)10:1<138::aid-rcm442>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jones
- Centre for DrugDesign and Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Downes M, Griggs R, Atkins A, Olson EN, Muscat GE. Identification of a thyroid hormone response element in the mouse myogenin gene: characterization of the thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptor heterodimeric binding site. Cell Growth Differ 1993; 4:901-9. [PMID: 8297796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are positive regulators of muscle development in vivo. Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) treatment of myogenic cell lines results in the precocious expression of myogenin, a muscle specific, helix-loop-helix factor that can trans-activate muscle specific gene expression (G. Carnac et al., Mol. Endocrinol., 6: 1185-1194, 1992). We have identified a T3 response element (TRE) in the mouse myogenin (MM) promoter between nucleotide positions -526 and -494 (5' GTGGTAGGTCTTTAGGGGTCTCATGGGACTGACA 3'). This sequence conferred appropriate hormonal regulation to an enhancerless SV40 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis experiments showed that thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR alpha) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) formed a heterodimeric complex on the MM TRE that was specifically competed by classical TREs and not by other response elements. Analyses of this heterodimer with a battery of steroid hormone response elements indicated that the complex was efficiently competed by a direct repeat of the AGGTCA motif separated by 4 nucleotides, as predicted by the 3-4-5 rule. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis experiments showed that the myogenin, growth hormone, and myosin heavy chain TREs interacted with an identical nuclear factor(s) in muscle cells that was constitutively expressed during myogenesis. Mutagenesis of the MM TRE indicated that the sequence of the direct repeats (AGGTCA) and the 4-nucleotide gap were necessary for efficient binding to the TR alpha/RXR alpha heterodimeric complex. In conclusion, our data suggest that the MM TRE is a target for direct cross-talk between two different hormonal signals (T3 and 9-cis-retinoic acid) at the receptor level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Development
- Muscles/cytology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Myogenin/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/physiology
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Triiodothyronine/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Downes
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ritchie Research Laboratories, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Willadsen P, Riding GA, Jarmey J, Atkins A. The nucleotidase of Boophilus microplus and its relationship to enzymes from the rat and Escherichia coli. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 1993; 23:291-295. [PMID: 8387372 DOI: 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90010-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Boophilus microplus contains a nucleotidase-like enzyme which is able to hydrolyze a range of nucleoside 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphates to the nucleoside. Its relationship to several other nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes has been explored. Limited peptide sequencing shows similarities to both mammalian nucleotidases and the Escherichia coli uridine diphosphate sugar hydrolase. The tick enzyme also hydrolyzes UDP-glucose, though by a mechanism different to that of the bacterial enzyme. On the other hand, it resembles the mammalian nucleotidases in that there is evidence that it is attached to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Willadsen
- CSIRO Division of Tropical Animal Production, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- J A Cooper
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Perlick D, Atkins A. Variations in the reported age of a patient: a source of bias in the diagnosis of depression and dementia. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984; 52:812-20. [PMID: 6501666 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.52.5.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
32
|
Perlick D, Atkins A. Variations in the reported age of a patient: a source of bias in the diagnosis of depression and dementia. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984. [PMID: 6501666 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.52.5.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Two hundred hospital admissions for hand infections are reviewed with regard to the causes of infection, modes of effective therapy and causes of residual impairment. Patients with human bite injuries and those who delayed seeking treatment most frequently had severe injuries. Appropriate antibiotics and prompt surgical therapy of hand abscesses are essential.
Collapse
|
34
|
Knight RB, Atkins A, Eagle CJ, Evans N, Finkelstein JW, Fukushima D, Katz J, Weiner H. Psychological stress, ego defenses, and cortisol production in children hospitalized for elective surgery. Psychosom Med 1979; 41:40-9. [PMID: 432362 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-197902000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the effectiveness of coping mechanisms and physiological indicators of distress in children faced with the experience of hospitalization and surgery. Twenty-five children between the ages of 7 and 11 were studied in the out-patient department, 2 weeks before surgery, and again during their hospital stay. Effectiveness of defenses and defense style was measured by a clinical interview and by the Rorschach test. Cortisol production rates were measured by the analysis of 24-hour urine collections at home and again in the hospital. Ward adjustment was also rated by a ward questionnaire. The results indicated no relationship between defense effectiveness and cortisol production rates in the out-patient department and an inverse relationship between cortisol production and defense effectiveness under the stress of hospitalization. Defense style was found to correlate with coping under stress. Four different groups of children emerged, suggesting four different types of reaction to the hospital experience.
Collapse
|
35
|
Geller AM, Atkins A. Cognitive and personality factors in suicidal behavior. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978. [PMID: 701564 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.46.5.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Schofield GC, Peterson JA, Atkins A. Secretory granules and immunoglobulins in epithelial cells of the large intestine. J Anat 1970; 106:198. [PMID: 4189875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|