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Fernández-Lázaro D, García Hernández JL, Caballero García A, Caballero del Castillo A, Villaverde Hueso M, Cruz-Hernández JJ. Clinical Perspective and Translational Oncology of Liquid Biopsy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E443. [PMID: 32629823 PMCID: PMC7400430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term liquid biopsy (LB) refers to the study of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumors nucleic acids free of cells or contained in exosomes, and information about platelets associated with tumors. LB can be performed in different biofluids and allows the limitations of tissue biopsy to be overcome offering possibilities of tumor identification reflecting in real time tumor heterogeneity. In addition, LB allows screening and early detection of cancer, real-time monitoring of therapy, stratification and therapeutic intervention, a therapeutic target and resistance mechanism, and a risk of metastatic relapse. Currently, LB has been shown to be effective for its application in different types of tumors including lung, colorectal, prostate, melanoma, breast and pancreatic cancer, by the determination and identification of biomarkers that with a high probability have the potential to change the way in which medical oncology could predict the course of the disease. These biomarkers make it possible to capture the heterogeneity of the cancer, monitor its clonal evolution, indicate new treatments or retreatments and evaluate the responses to different evolutionary and/or therapeutic pressures in the cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus de Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Juan Luis García Hernández
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 3007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Caballero García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | | | - María Villaverde Hueso
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus de Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 3007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Seco Calvo J, Córdova Martínez A, Caballero García A, Fernandez-Lazaro CI. Modulation of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Markers by Curcumin Supplementation in a Physically Active Population: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020501. [PMID: 32075287 PMCID: PMC7071279 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, particularly high-intensity eccentric muscle contractions, produces exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The breakdown of muscle fibers and the consequent inflammatory responses derived from EIMD affect exercise performance. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, has been shown to have mainly antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory properties. This effect of curcumin could improve EIMD and exercise performance. The main objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of curcumin supplementation on EIMD and inflammatory and oxidative markers in a physically active population. A structured search was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the databases SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline (PubMed) from inception to October 2019. The search included original articles with randomized controlled crossover or parallel design in which the intake of curcumin administered before and/or after exercise was compared with an identical placebo situation. No filters were applied to the type of physical exercise performed, the sex or the age of the participants. Of the 301 articles identified in the search, 11 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form. The use of curcumin reduces the subjective perception of the intensity of muscle pain; reduces muscle damage through the decrease of creatine kinase (CK); increases muscle performance; has an anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8; and may have a slight antioxidant effect. In summary, the administration of curcumin at a dose between 150–1500 mg/day before and during exercise, and up until 72 h’ post-exercise, improved performance by reducing EIMD and modulating the inflammation caused by physical activity. In addition, humans appear to be able to tolerate high doses of curcumin without significant side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-975-129-185
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain; (J.M.-A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Jesús Seco Calvo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Physiotherapy Department, University of Leon, Campus of Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Córdova Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain; (J.M.-A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alberto Caballero García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Fernández-Lázaro CI, Caballero García A, Córdova Martínez A. [Immunomodulator drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma]. Rev Med Chil 2019; 146:1444-1451. [PMID: 30848748 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872018001201444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide changed the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, however, its effectiveness has been compromised due to its side effects. New strategies are needed to specifically target the challenges of multiple myeloma through innovative, more effective, and less toxic therapy. The new immunomodulatory (IMiDs) compounds are structural and functional analogs of thalidomide, which were designed to improve the immunomodulatory and anticancer properties and tolerability profiles. We review the development of second generation IMiDs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, their immunomodulatory and tumoricidal effects, their mechanisms of action, as well as the influence of dexamethasone on their effect and pharmacological resistance. In conclusion, lenalidomide and pomalidomide demonstrate a powerful activity and they are highly effective and well-tolerated treatment options for patients with myeloma, used alone or in combination with dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Soria, España
| | - César Ignacio Fernández-Lázaro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Soria, España
| | - Alberto Caballero García
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Soria, España
| | - Alfredo Córdova Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Soria, España
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Abstract
Subjective tests based on information gathered using 'discomfort questionnaires' have been used widely in ergonomics. In this study, we used a similar method to examine the discomfort associated with the footwear worn in tennis matches. A sample of 146 tennis players from a population of approximately 4000 completed the questionnaire. We performed a descriptive analysis of the study variables. The associations between discomfort and pain and between discomfort and design errors were evaluated using cross-tabulation and chi-squared tests. We found that 9% of players considered their footwear to be uncomfortable, 23% considered it to be acceptable and 68% regarded it as comfortable. Six design errors were identified and five body areas were reported as experiencing discomfort due to the footwear. Factor analysis identified four factors related to discomfort and six design errors. Subsequent correlation analysis identified several relationships among these factors. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.187, P = 0.022) between plantar discomfort and incorrect arch support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Llana
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip is characterized by the destruction of the articular cartilage due to an unknown cause, principally affecting women during adolescence and producing premature degeneration of the hip. Twelve cases (11 patients) were reviewed at our hospital, with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years, during which a clinical and radiologic study was performed. Despite the treatment implemented, idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip causes progressive degeneration of the joint with the appearance of almost constant pain, stiffness, and anomalous positions. Radiologic studies show concentric narrowing of the articular space, decrease in the width of the femoral head and neck, and shortening of the affected member due to alteration in the growth physis of the upper extremity of the femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A del Couz García
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
The influence of the mechanical characteristics of certain insole materials in the generation and transmission of heel strike impacts while walking was studied. Three insole materials were selected according to their mechanical characteristics under heel strike impacts. The selection of materials has made it possible to distinguish the effect of rigidity and loss tangent in the transmission of heel strike impacts. A lower rigidity and a high loss tangent have been shown to reduce the transmission of impacts to the tibia. A low rigidity was seen to significantly increase the transmission of impacts from tibia to forehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Forner
- Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia (IBV), València Parc Tecnologic, Spain
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Abstract
A new methodology of biomechanical analysis of materials for shoe inserts is presented. This methodology is based on the determination of the loads applied to the materials in real situations and its simulation by means of a dynamic testing machine. Both the rigidity and the energy-absorbing characteristics of the materials are investigated as a function of frequency. This methodology is applied to the study of several commercially available viscoelastic materials intended for shoe inserts in the treatment and prevention of degenerative joint diseases. The influence of thickness is investigated as well as the frequency-dependent behavior of the materials studied. Significant differences between materials and different behavior as a function of thickness and frequency were found. Poron materials were found to have the lowest rigidity, good for adequate pressure distribution, while Noene showed the highest energy absorption. A careful selection of the thickness of Sorbothane was found to be necessary for avoiding flattening of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C García
- Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia, València Parc Tecnològic, Paterna, Spain
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