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Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Villalobos F, Petcherski A, Tombolato A, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Mitochondria isolated from lipid droplets of white adipose tissue reveal functional differences based on lipid droplet size. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202301934. [PMID: 38056907 PMCID: PMC10700548 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in brown adipose tissue (BAT) described a unique subpopulation of mitochondria bound to lipid droplets (LDs), which were termed PeriDroplet Mitochondria (PDM). PDM can be isolated from BAT by differential centrifugation and salt washes. Contrary to BAT, this approach has so far not led to the successful isolation of PDM from white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we developed a method to isolate PDM from WAT with high yield and purity by an optimized proteolytic treatment that preserves the respiratory function of mitochondria. Using this approach, we show that, contrary to BAT, WAT PDM have lower respiratory and ATP synthesis capacities compared with WAT cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). Furthermore, by isolating PDM from LDs of different sizes, we found a negative correlation between LD size and the respiratory capacity of their PDM in WAT. Thus, our new isolation method reveals tissue-specific characteristics of PDM and establishes the existence of heterogeneity in PDM function determined by LD size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frankie Villalobos
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Tombolato
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vezzani B, Perrone M, Carinci M, Palumbo L, Tombolato A, Tombolato D, Daminato C, Gentili V, Rizzo R, Campo G, Morandi L, Papi A, Spadaro S, Casolari P, Contoli M, Pinton P, Giorgi C. SARS-CoV-2 infection as a model to study the effect of cinnamaldehyde as adjuvant therapy for viral pneumonia. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:40. [PMID: 37986089 PMCID: PMC10658863 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent pandemic outbursts, due to SARS-CoV-2, have highlighted once more the central role of the inflammatory process in the propagation of viral infection. The main consequence of COVID-19 is the induction of a diffuse pro-inflammatory state, also defined as a cytokine storm, which affects different organs, but mostly the lungs. We aimed to prove the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde, the active compound of cinnamon, as an anti-inflammatory compound, able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. RESULTS We enrolled 53 COVID-19 patients hospitalized for respiratory failure. The cohort was composed by 39 males and 13 females, aged 65.0 ± 9.8 years. We reported that COVID-19 patients have significantly higher IL-1β and IL-6 plasma levels compared to non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. In addition, human mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are significantly more prone to release pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimuli. We demonstrated, using in vitro cell models, that macrophages are responsible for mediating the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm while lung cells support SARS-CoV-2 replication upon viral infection. In this context, cinnamaldehyde administration significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 mediated IL-1β release in both PBMCs and THP-1 macrophages, as well as viral replication in CaLu-3 epithelial cells. Lastly, aerosol-administered cinnamaldehyde was able to significantly reduce IL-1β release in an in vivo lung-inflammatory model. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggest the possible use of cinnamaldehyde as a co-adjuvant preventive treatment for COVID-19 disease together with vaccination, but also as a promising dietary supplement to reduce, more broadly, viral induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Vezzani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Gentili
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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