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Souza MS, Farias JP, Andreata-Santos R, Silva MP, Brito RDDS, Duarte Barbosa da Silva M, Peter CM, Cirilo MVDF, Luiz WB, Birbrair A, Vidal PO, de Castro-Amarante MF, Candido ED, Munhoz AS, de Mello Malta F, Dorlass EG, Machado RRG, Pinho JRR, Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Maricato JT, Braconi CT, Ferreira LCDS, Janini LMR, Amorim JH. Neutralizing antibody response after immunization with a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine: Insights to the future. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29416. [PMID: 38285457 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The raising of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants led to the use of COVID-19 bivalent vaccines, which include antigens of the wild-type (WT) virus, and of the Omicron strain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of bivalent vaccination on the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response. We enrolled 93 volunteers who had received three or four doses of monovalent vaccines based on the original virus (n = 61), or a booster shot with the bivalent vaccine (n = 32). Serum samples collected from volunteers were subjected to neutralization assays using the WT SARS-CoV-2, and Omicron subvariants. In addition, immunoinformatics to quantify and localize highly conserved NAb epitopes were performed. As main result, we observed that the neutralization titers of samples from individuals vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine were higher for the original virus, in comparison to their capacity of neutralizing the Omicron variant and its subvariants. NAb that recognize epitopes mostly conserved in the WT SARS-CoV-2 were boosted, while those that recognize epitopes mostly present in the Omicron variant, and subvariants were primed. These results indicate that formulation of future vaccines shall consider to target present viruses, and not viruses that no longer circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Silva Souza
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pires Farias
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianne Pereira Silva
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ruth Dálety da Silva Brito
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcia Duarte Barbosa da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Mendes Peter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius de França Cirilo
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wilson Barros Luiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paloma Oliveira Vidal
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda de Castro-Amarante
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Donizetti Candido
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Institute of Biomedical science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur USP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mário Ramos Janini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Western Bahia Virology Institute, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Pathology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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